Multi-point forming (MPF) is considered one of the flexible and creative three-dimensional sheet metal forming processes. Such a technique replaces traditional rigid punches with a set of adjustable-height discrete pins. By altering the relative height of each pin, a variety of three-dimensional curved surfaces can be formed. In order to avoid changing the height of the pins manually, they are attached to springs. Hence, when a load applies at the pins holder, these will take the shape of the die due to the spring properties quickly and easily. However, wrinkles and dimples are inevitable issues that appear when using MPF. In order to investigate and minimize these defects, a finite element approach using ANSYS 15.0 software has been applied to perform numerical simulations for this MPF operation. Two cases have been examined in this study. Whilst the first one includes direct forming between the pins and the metal, a sheet of rubber has been added among them in the second case. The simulation has been conducted on brass (Cu Zn 65-35) with a thickness of (0.71 mm) and rubber with a thickness of (2 mm). The boundary conditions, which are attached to the blank, enable the motion in the y-direction only with respect to the lower profile at a depth of (30) mm, and was immobilized by constraints in the x and z direction. The study has shown remarkable results since the dimples were visible on the sheet surface in the first case, whereas these defects were significantly reduced during the second one. Moreover, the blank profile’s maximum stress and strain have been studied. Due to force distribution, rubber reduces maximum stress and strain to approximately 27% and 49%, respectively, in the second case
多点成形（MPF）被认为是一种灵活、创新的三维金属板材成形工艺。这种技术用一组高度可调的离散销钉取代了传统的刚性冲头。通过改变每个销钉的相对高度，可以形成各种三维曲面。为了避免手动改变冲针的高度，冲针与弹簧相连。因此，当引脚支架上有载荷时，由于弹簧的特性，这些引脚会快速、轻松地形成模具的形状。然而，在使用 MPF 时不可避免地会出现褶皱和凹痕。为了研究并尽量减少这些缺陷，我们使用 ANSYS 15.0 软件的有限元方法对 MPF 操作进行了数值模拟。本研究考察了两种情况。第一种情况包括销钉和金属之间的直接成型，第二种情况则在销钉和金属之间添加了橡胶板。模拟在厚度为 0.71 毫米的黄铜（铜锌 65-35）和厚度为 2 毫米的橡胶上进行。附加在坯料上的边界条件只允许在深度为（30）毫米的下轮廓上做 y 方向的运动，而在 x 和 z 方向上则受到约束而无法移动。研究结果表明，在第一种情况下，板材表面的凹痕清晰可见，而在第二种情况下，这些缺陷明显减少。此外，还研究了坯料轮廓的最大应力和应变。由于力的分布，在第二种情况下，橡胶将最大应力和应变分别降低了约 27% 和 49%。
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Forming a 3D Shape by a Multi-Point Die","authors":"Alyaa Al Ghuraibawi, A. H. Abed, K. Mansor","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024848","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-point forming (MPF) is considered one of the flexible and creative three-dimensional sheet metal forming processes. Such a technique replaces traditional rigid punches with a set of adjustable-height discrete pins. By altering the relative height of each pin, a variety of three-dimensional curved surfaces can be formed. In order to avoid changing the height of the pins manually, they are attached to springs. Hence, when a load applies at the pins holder, these will take the shape of the die due to the spring properties quickly and easily. However, wrinkles and dimples are inevitable issues that appear when using MPF. In order to investigate and minimize these defects, a finite element approach using ANSYS 15.0 software has been applied to perform numerical simulations for this MPF operation. Two cases have been examined in this study. Whilst the first one includes direct forming between the pins and the metal, a sheet of rubber has been added among them in the second case. The simulation has been conducted on brass (Cu Zn 65-35) with a thickness of (0.71 mm) and rubber with a thickness of (2 mm). The boundary conditions, which are attached to the blank, enable the motion in the y-direction only with respect to the lower profile at a depth of (30) mm, and was immobilized by constraints in the x and z direction. The study has shown remarkable results since the dimples were visible on the sheet surface in the first case, whereas these defects were significantly reduced during the second one. Moreover, the blank profile’s maximum stress and strain have been studied. Due to force distribution, rubber reduces maximum stress and strain to approximately 27% and 49%, respectively, in the second case","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":"214 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahraa Fadhil Ajaj, Ahmed Hameed Reja, Ahmed Adnan Shandookh
This study presents the design and programming of a modern new class of radio-controlled electric vertical takeoff and landing (E-VTOL) aircraft using lightweight polylactic acid (LW-PLA). Utilizing the LW-PLA cork foam material is crucial to lowering the aircraft's total weight and improving its mechanical characteristics at the same time. The type of LW-PLA utilized in this study was specific, and its fabrication process was made possible by a Creality Cr 10s pro-3D printer. In this study, a lightweight polylactic acid was used to demonstrate the design of an electric vertical takeoff and landing (E-VTOL) aircraft (LW-PLA). It is essential to use the LW-PLA cork foam material to reduce the overall weight of the airplane and enhance its mechanical properties simultaneously. The particular kind of LW-PLA used in this model was manufactured using a Creality Cr 10s pro-3D printer. Solid Work version 2021 was utilized in the development of the mathematical model. Since radio-controlled aircraft capable of vertical takeoff and landing can carry out both tasks, the goal of this study is to find the best way to utilize the features that both airplanes and drones have in common. Consequently, the suggested model represents a sophisticated enhancement of the aerodynamic characteristics of the many types of radio control aircraft that are capable of performing vertical takeoffs and landings.
{"title":"E-VTOL Aircraft Assembling and Programming Using the Mission Planner Program","authors":"Zahraa Fadhil Ajaj, Ahmed Hameed Reja, Ahmed Adnan Shandookh","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024846","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the design and programming of a modern new class of radio-controlled electric vertical takeoff and landing (E-VTOL) aircraft using lightweight polylactic acid (LW-PLA). Utilizing the LW-PLA cork foam material is crucial to lowering the aircraft's total weight and improving its mechanical characteristics at the same time. The type of LW-PLA utilized in this study was specific, and its fabrication process was made possible by a Creality Cr 10s pro-3D printer. In this study, a lightweight polylactic acid was used to demonstrate the design of an electric vertical takeoff and landing (E-VTOL) aircraft (LW-PLA). It is essential to use the LW-PLA cork foam material to reduce the overall weight of the airplane and enhance its mechanical properties simultaneously. The particular kind of LW-PLA used in this model was manufactured using a Creality Cr 10s pro-3D printer. Solid Work version 2021 was utilized in the development of the mathematical model. Since radio-controlled aircraft capable of vertical takeoff and landing can carry out both tasks, the goal of this study is to find the best way to utilize the features that both airplanes and drones have in common. Consequently, the suggested model represents a sophisticated enhancement of the aerodynamic characteristics of the many types of radio control aircraft that are capable of performing vertical takeoffs and landings.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) to reinforce existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures in flexure has made great strides in research recently. In addition to creating an experimental archive, the research provided a thorough technical literature review. The effectiveness of UHPC strengthening schemes for RC beams was assessed by examining the effect of size on the flexural strengthening performance of RC members with UHPC. Various dimensions of RC elements were considered in order to understand any possible size-related effects. Factors like material strength and stiffness of the current RC members were considered because they could affect the strengthening's overall effectiveness. To comprehend how the strengthening of the UHPC would impact the overall. In order to find the most successful strategy, various UHPC strengthening configurations were examined. prior to applying the UHPC, the concrete substrate must be prepared. The experimental results from the studies under review indicate that UHPC is a promising reinforcement that can successfully provide RC beams flexural strength. The plain overlay's bending capacity increased by 20% to 60% when the thickness of the UHPC overlay was increased within the range of 30 to 50 mm. In contrast to plain overlays, the reinforced overlay resulted in a notable 40%–85% increase in flexural capacity. To assist stakeholders in making decisions, a cost comparison of UHPC with other strengthening techniques, such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), was provided. The study concludes by highlighting the potential of UHPC as a workable option for flexural strengthening of existing RC structures and offers insightful information for furthering the advancement and application of this technology in the building sector.
{"title":"Review of Behavior Flexural Strengthened RC Beams Using Ultra-High Performance Concrete","authors":"Hasan M Abbas, Majid M.A Kadhim","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024854","url":null,"abstract":"The use of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) to reinforce existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures in flexure has made great strides in research recently. In addition to creating an experimental archive, the research provided a thorough technical literature review. The effectiveness of UHPC strengthening schemes for RC beams was assessed by examining the effect of size on the flexural strengthening performance of RC members with UHPC. Various dimensions of RC elements were considered in order to understand any possible size-related effects. Factors like material strength and stiffness of the current RC members were considered because they could affect the strengthening's overall effectiveness. To comprehend how the strengthening of the UHPC would impact the overall. In order to find the most successful strategy, various UHPC strengthening configurations were examined. prior to applying the UHPC, the concrete substrate must be prepared. The experimental results from the studies under review indicate that UHPC is a promising reinforcement that can successfully provide RC beams flexural strength. The plain overlay's bending capacity increased by 20% to 60% when the thickness of the UHPC overlay was increased within the range of 30 to 50 mm. In contrast to plain overlays, the reinforced overlay resulted in a notable 40%–85% increase in flexural capacity. To assist stakeholders in making decisions, a cost comparison of UHPC with other strengthening techniques, such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), was provided. The study concludes by highlighting the potential of UHPC as a workable option for flexural strengthening of existing RC structures and offers insightful information for furthering the advancement and application of this technology in the building sector.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The amount of irradiation energy that is produced by reflecting one's surroundings is measured using albedo. The amount of albedo is affected by factors such as time, position, geometry, and meteorological conditions. The albedo value responds to changes in any of the characteristics described above, even if those changes are just slight. Because of this, modelling albedo can be difficult. This paper applied the optimum tilt angle at 31° with a constant albedo 0.2 for location in Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University - at latitude 32°03'30.6" North and longitude 44°24'13.3" East. After treating the surface on which the PV system is installed with white Portland cement, the surface albedo will change to (0.87); the increase in albedo leads to an increase in reflected radiation from the ground on PV panels then increase in the power output, also the results shown to reaching the maximum value of the solar irradiation hitting the PV panels to get maximum value of power output with albedo 0.87 in this location, optimum tilt angle will change to be 42o instated of 31o. This study proved that when the albedo of the surface on which the system is installed changes, so does the optimal tilt angle.
{"title":"Impact of Increasing Albedo on Choosing the Optimal Tilt Angle to Optimize PV Systems : Case Study","authors":"Mohsin Ali Diwan, Muhammed Salah Sadiq Al-kafaji","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024863","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of irradiation energy that is produced by reflecting one's surroundings is measured using albedo. The amount of albedo is affected by factors such as time, position, geometry, and meteorological conditions. The albedo value responds to changes in any of the characteristics described above, even if those changes are just slight. Because of this, modelling albedo can be difficult. This paper applied the optimum tilt angle at 31° with a constant albedo 0.2 for location in Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University - at latitude 32°03'30.6\" North and longitude 44°24'13.3\" East. After treating the surface on which the PV system is installed with white Portland cement, the surface albedo will change to (0.87); the increase in albedo leads to an increase in reflected radiation from the ground on PV panels then increase in the power output, also the results shown to reaching the maximum value of the solar irradiation hitting the PV panels to get maximum value of power output with albedo 0.87 in this location, optimum tilt angle will change to be 42o instated of 31o. This study proved that when the albedo of the surface on which the system is installed changes, so does the optimal tilt angle.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shereen Jalil Saif Allah, Muayad Mohammed Kassim, Ghazwan Abdulsamad Salman
For several years, extensive research investigations have been conducted examining the effects of acids commonly encountered by industrial facilities in manufacturing environments. Numerous studies have been conducted to examine the durability of concrete containing various chemical additives and fine metals when exposed to various acid solutions, as well as the preventive steps taken to avoid the deterioration of concrete associated with these acids. This research includes an examination of enhancing the effectiveness and function of concrete when exposed to sulfuric acid. It explores the use of waterproofing (WP) and complementary cementitious materials (SCMs), including silica fume Nano silica and fly ash, as well as a water-reducing additive. Cube-shaped samples measuring 100 x 100 x 100 mm were prepared and completely immersed in 2.5% dilute sulfuric acid solution for 90 and 180 days. . Compressive strength, tensile strength, and absorption tests were performed after 28 days, as well as after immersion in a 2.5% dilute acid solution for 90 and 180 days. The results revealed that after 90 days, there was a 31% reduction in compressive strength for mixtures with 25% FA and 5% SF, and a 46% decrease for mixtures containing WP, when compared to their corresponding results at the 28 day age under standard conditions. Mineral admixtures significantly reduce absorption rates. After 90 days, WP had 3% absorption during acid exposure, and after 180 days, the 25% FA and 5% SF mixture had 2.3% absorption. This results from reduced permeable voids due to decreased capillary pores, enhancing concrete durability. The findings also indicated that the impact of exposure to acid on the strength characteristics of concrete becomes more pronounced with prolonged exposure. In addition, the inclusion of NS, SF, and FA in cement concrete results in the development of a unique material that can meet the growing need for construction materials. Furthermore, this technique delivers economic and environmental benefits by minimizing pollution caused by waste products such as FA and SF, which are a residual by-products of thermal power plants and ferrosilicon production respectively.
多年来，人们一直在进行广泛的研究调查，探讨工业设施在生产环境中通常会遇到的酸的影响。已经进行了大量研究，以检查含有各种化学添加剂和精细金属的混凝土在暴露于各种酸溶液时的耐久性，以及为避免与这些酸有关的混凝土劣化而采取的预防措施。这项研究包括如何提高混凝土在硫酸环境中的效果和功能。它探讨了防水（WP）和补充胶凝材料（SCM）的使用，包括硅灰、纳米二氧化硅、粉煤灰以及减水添加剂。制备了尺寸为 100 x 100 x 100 毫米的立方体样品，并将其完全浸泡在 2.5% 的稀硫酸溶液中 90 天和 180 天。28 天后，以及在 2.5% 稀硫酸溶液中浸泡 90 天和 180 天后，分别进行了抗压强度、抗拉强度和吸水性测试。结果显示，与标准条件下 28 天的相应结果相比，90 天后，含 25% FA 和 5% SF 的混合物的抗压强度降低了 31%，含可湿性粉剂的混合物的抗压强度降低了 46%。矿物掺合料大大降低了吸收率。90 天后，可湿性粉剂在酸暴露期间的吸收率为 3%，180 天后，25% FA 和 5% SF 混合物的吸收率为 2.3%。这是因为毛细孔减少导致渗透空隙减少，从而提高了混凝土的耐久性。研究结果还表明，随着暴露时间的延长，酸暴露对混凝土强度特性的影响会变得更加明显。此外，在水泥混凝土中加入 NS、SF 和 FA 可以开发出一种独特的材料，满足对建筑材料日益增长的需求。此外，这种技术还能最大限度地减少 FA 和 SF 等废品造成的污染，从而带来经济和环境效益。
{"title":"The Durability of Concrete Mortars with Different Mineral Additives Exposed to Sulfate Attack","authors":"Shereen Jalil Saif Allah, Muayad Mohammed Kassim, Ghazwan Abdulsamad Salman","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024851","url":null,"abstract":"For several years, extensive research investigations have been conducted examining the effects of acids commonly encountered by industrial facilities in manufacturing environments. Numerous studies have been conducted to examine the durability of concrete containing various chemical additives and fine metals when exposed to various acid solutions, as well as the preventive steps taken to avoid the deterioration of concrete associated with these acids. This research includes an examination of enhancing the effectiveness and function of concrete when exposed to sulfuric acid. It explores the use of waterproofing (WP) and complementary cementitious materials (SCMs), including silica fume Nano silica and fly ash, as well as a water-reducing additive. Cube-shaped samples measuring 100 x 100 x 100 mm were prepared and completely immersed in 2.5% dilute sulfuric acid solution for 90 and 180 days. . Compressive strength, tensile strength, and absorption tests were performed after 28 days, as well as after immersion in a 2.5% dilute acid solution for 90 and 180 days. The results revealed that after 90 days, there was a 31% reduction in compressive strength for mixtures with 25% FA and 5% SF, and a 46% decrease for mixtures containing WP, when compared to their corresponding results at the 28 day age under standard conditions. Mineral admixtures significantly reduce absorption rates. After 90 days, WP had 3% absorption during acid exposure, and after 180 days, the 25% FA and 5% SF mixture had 2.3% absorption. This results from reduced permeable voids due to decreased capillary pores, enhancing concrete durability. The findings also indicated that the impact of exposure to acid on the strength characteristics of concrete becomes more pronounced with prolonged exposure. In addition, the inclusion of NS, SF, and FA in cement concrete results in the development of a unique material that can meet the growing need for construction materials. Furthermore, this technique delivers economic and environmental benefits by minimizing pollution caused by waste products such as FA and SF, which are a residual by-products of thermal power plants and ferrosilicon production respectively.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China's economy has achieved a high growth rate of 9.8% in cyclical fluctuations, and the industrial structure has been continuously improved with growth. However, the irrationality of the tertiary industry structure and its internal structure still restricts the sustainable development. The optimization of the industrial structure depends on many factors, such as government policies, economic growth mode, resource constraints, economic development stage and economic cycle stage. Based on data-driven analysis, this paper analyzes the general path and policy choice of economic cycle to adjust China's industrial structure, and the impact of economic cycle on the upgrading of industrial structure. After the actual analysis, we found that the threshold of economic growth in economically developed regions is high, the role of financial development in stimulating industrial structure is not prominent, and industrial upgrading is relatively difficult. Industrial upgrading is difficult.
{"title":"Analysis of Policy Options Based on Data-Driven Economic Cycles and Industrial Structure Upgrading","authors":"Zhe Sun","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024796","url":null,"abstract":"China's economy has achieved a high growth rate of 9.8% in cyclical fluctuations, and the industrial structure has been continuously improved with growth. However, the irrationality of the tertiary industry structure and its internal structure still restricts the sustainable development. The optimization of the industrial structure depends on many factors, such as government policies, economic growth mode, resource constraints, economic development stage and economic cycle stage. Based on data-driven analysis, this paper analyzes the general path and policy choice of economic cycle to adjust China's industrial structure, and the impact of economic cycle on the upgrading of industrial structure. After the actual analysis, we found that the threshold of economic growth in economically developed regions is high, the role of financial development in stimulating industrial structure is not prominent, and industrial upgrading is relatively difficult. Industrial upgrading is difficult.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a crucial role in various industries but poses a risk to human health when present in an uncontrolled manner. Hence, it is imperative to develop straightforward, cost-effective, and swift analytical methods for the detection and monitoring of H2O2. This study proposes a detector consisting of polyaniline-doped silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), utilising a nanostructured okra semiconductor as a sensing material for H2O2 detection. The obtained results indicated that the addition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (at particle size 30 nm) into the mixture at different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 wt%) and voltages (1.4V–3V) led to good electrochemical performance. The prepared sensor at the Ag nanoparticle weight concentration (10 wt%) proved to have optimal performance. This configuration exhibited a clear and reliable signal response across a broad spectrum of currents at different concentrations of H2O2.
{"title":"Electrochemical Sensors based on Conductive Polymers Incorporate of Nano Material for the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)","authors":"Malak Wadi, A. A. Hussein, M. Almaamori","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024850","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a crucial role in various industries but poses a risk to human health when present in an uncontrolled manner. Hence, it is imperative to develop straightforward, cost-effective, and swift analytical methods for the detection and monitoring of H2O2. This study proposes a detector consisting of polyaniline-doped silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), utilising a nanostructured okra semiconductor as a sensing material for H2O2 detection. The obtained results indicated that the addition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (at particle size 30 nm) into the mixture at different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 wt%) and voltages (1.4V–3V) led to good electrochemical performance. The prepared sensor at the Ag nanoparticle weight concentration (10 wt%) proved to have optimal performance. This configuration exhibited a clear and reliable signal response across a broad spectrum of currents at different concentrations of H2O2.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The continuous advancement in communication systems is propelled by the growing demand for fifth-generation (5G) technology, aiming to meet the growing demands of systems that are small in size, operate at high speeds, and have a wide bandwidth. In order to address these requirements, innovative and highly efficient antenna configurations are of paramount importance. This article introduces a microstrip antenna that has been meticulously designed for optimal performance 5G systems. Optimized for 5G communication systems, the research focuses on the design and simulation of microstrip patch antennas which is shaped like butterfly, resonating at a frequency of 50.5 GHz. A Rogers RT5880 (lossy) substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 was employed in the antenna design. The dimensions of the proposed antennas were 6 × 6.5 × 0.787 mm³, which resulted in a geometric configuration resembling a butterfly. A comprehensive performance assessment involves exhaustive simulations using the CST Studio Suite application suite. In order to optimize critical parameters such as the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), reflected power, gain, frequency range (BW), and radiation pattern, the dimensions were meticulously adjusted. Significantly, the antenna operating at 50.5 GHz demonstrated a gain of 6.8 dB, in addition to a broad bandwidth of 5.364 GHz and an outstanding VSWR of 1.0131. The outcomes successfully underscore the outstanding performance exhibited by the butterfly-shaped design, thereby establishing its suitability for implementation in 5G networks.
{"title":"Design and analysis of a microstrip antenna for superior 5G communication performance","authors":"Sahar K. Hassan, Zaid M. Khudair","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024867","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous advancement in communication systems is propelled by the growing demand for fifth-generation (5G) technology, aiming to meet the growing demands of systems that are small in size, operate at high speeds, and have a wide bandwidth. In order to address these requirements, innovative and highly efficient antenna configurations are of paramount importance. This article introduces a microstrip antenna that has been meticulously designed for optimal performance 5G systems. Optimized for 5G communication systems, the research focuses on the design and simulation of microstrip patch antennas which is shaped like butterfly, resonating at a frequency of 50.5 GHz. A Rogers RT5880 (lossy) substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 was employed in the antenna design. The dimensions of the proposed antennas were 6 × 6.5 × 0.787 mm³, which resulted in a geometric configuration resembling a butterfly. A comprehensive performance assessment involves exhaustive simulations using the CST Studio Suite application suite. In order to optimize critical parameters such as the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), reflected power, gain, frequency range (BW), and radiation pattern, the dimensions were meticulously adjusted. Significantly, the antenna operating at 50.5 GHz demonstrated a gain of 6.8 dB, in addition to a broad bandwidth of 5.364 GHz and an outstanding VSWR of 1.0131. The outcomes successfully underscore the outstanding performance exhibited by the butterfly-shaped design, thereby establishing its suitability for implementation in 5G networks.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to investigate the environmental impact of the refinery's wastewater on groundwater within the refinery and the surrounding area. Six different testing sites were chosen to measure the concentrations of groundwater pollutants according to their distance from the untreated oil effluent discharge lagoon. The study period lasted for six months, as the testing work began in April and ended in September 2023. The results showed a clear effect of untreated petroleum effluent on the properties of groundwater, as the concentrations of petroleum effluent (oil and grease, TOC, phenol) and heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb) exceeded the permissible limits, as well as related parameters (TDS, EC, Cl, SO4) according to WHO specifications. As for the concentrations of the parameters (BOD, COD), there was no clear effect of the effluent on them, and on the contrary, their values began to increase at the testing sites far from the refinery. The groundwater was greatly affected by a distance of 5 km from the effluent collection lagoon (testing sites:GW1, GW2, GW3, and GW4), and it was not suitable for human use until after it was treated. As for the remaining of the distance (testing sites:GW5, GW6) to the nearest residential area (from 5 km to 9 km), the groundwater was limited to use for irrigation according to WQI guidelines. The study recommends that, in order to reduce pollution of refinery effluent, the responsible administration should use regular wastewater networks, construct a treatment plant for this effluent, and discharge the treated effluent to the nearest water source
{"title":"Environmental Impact of Petroleum Refinery Effluent on Groundwater Pollution: A Case Study of Maysan Refinery, Iraq","authors":"A. R. M. Khalefah, I. I. Omran, M. J. Al-Waily","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024844","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to investigate the environmental impact of the refinery's wastewater on groundwater within the refinery and the surrounding area. Six different testing sites were chosen to measure the concentrations of groundwater pollutants according to their distance from the untreated oil effluent discharge lagoon. The study period lasted for six months, as the testing work began in April and ended in September 2023. The results showed a clear effect of untreated petroleum effluent on the properties of groundwater, as the concentrations of petroleum effluent (oil and grease, TOC, phenol) and heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb) exceeded the permissible limits, as well as related parameters (TDS, EC, Cl, SO4) according to WHO specifications. As for the concentrations of the parameters (BOD, COD), there was no clear effect of the effluent on them, and on the contrary, their values began to increase at the testing sites far from the refinery. The groundwater was greatly affected by a distance of 5 km from the effluent collection lagoon (testing sites:GW1, GW2, GW3, and GW4), and it was not suitable for human use until after it was treated. As for the remaining of the distance (testing sites:GW5, GW6) to the nearest residential area (from 5 km to 9 km), the groundwater was limited to use for irrigation according to WQI guidelines. The study recommends that, in order to reduce pollution of refinery effluent, the responsible administration should use regular wastewater networks, construct a treatment plant for this effluent, and discharge the treated effluent to the nearest water source","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The foundation of any structure and construction of roads are most affected by different problems when it is constructed on weak soil such as organic soil for example. The use of recycled glass powder as a precursor in geopolymers improves soil properties (enhancing bearing capacity and reducing compressibility), as well as prevents glass waste from accumulating in landfills. The recycled glass powder (RGP) was added to the soil with different percentages(5,10,15,20 and 25)%. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used as an alkaline solution. The chemical composition of RGP and the organic soil are determined by the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) test. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was conducted to investigate the mechanical behavior of specimens. The results show that increase in UCS in 7 and 14 days for the specimens treated with geopolymer compared to the natural soil specimens. The highest UCS value was 7.86 MPa at a curing time of 14 days and a curing temperature of 65C⁰ with 20% RGP.
{"title":"Sustainable use of recycled glass powder-based geopolymer of organic soil stabilization","authors":"Khalaf Y Khalaf, Khalid R Mahmood","doi":"10.56294/sctconf2024857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024857","url":null,"abstract":"The foundation of any structure and construction of roads are most affected by different problems when it is constructed on weak soil such as organic soil for example. The use of recycled glass powder as a precursor in geopolymers improves soil properties (enhancing bearing capacity and reducing compressibility), as well as prevents glass waste from accumulating in landfills. The recycled glass powder (RGP) was added to the soil with different percentages(5,10,15,20 and 25)%. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used as an alkaline solution. The chemical composition of RGP and the organic soil are determined by the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) test. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was conducted to investigate the mechanical behavior of specimens. The results show that increase in UCS in 7 and 14 days for the specimens treated with geopolymer compared to the natural soil specimens. The highest UCS value was 7.86 MPa at a curing time of 14 days and a curing temperature of 65C⁰ with 20% RGP.","PeriodicalId":270620,"journal":{"name":"Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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