Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1177/01436244231226414
Pavel İokhim, M. Ekşi
Green roofs are considered sustainable practices in the urban environment as they provide several benefits to the city and to the building such as mitigating the urban heat island effect and optimizing the energy performance of buildings. The impact of green roofs on the energy balance of urban building surfaces in warmer climates, such as the Mediterranean, is still under investigation. In this study, 5 years of experimental data recorded between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed in comparison between a non-insulated flat roof and a green roof. The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal regulation capacity of green roofs on the energy balance of buildings and their efficiency as potential UHI mitigation strategies to make cities more resilient. Results of the study demonstrated that despite the limited depth of the substrate and plant diversity, the green roof provided thermal regulation to the building by reducing temperature fluctuations and moderating temperatures for both the building and its surrounding environment. This study provides evidence that the implementation of a green roof could effectively moderate roof temperatures and reduce fluctuations, especially during the summer season. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that even a simple and shallow extensive green roof could provide thermal benefits in a Mediterranean climate. Therefore, due to its structural lower weight, this type of green roofs could be installed on existing buildings and could provide thermal benefits to the building and the city.
{"title":"Thermal regulation capacity of a green roof in the Mediterranean climate of Istanbul","authors":"Pavel İokhim, M. Ekşi","doi":"10.1177/01436244231226414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244231226414","url":null,"abstract":"Green roofs are considered sustainable practices in the urban environment as they provide several benefits to the city and to the building such as mitigating the urban heat island effect and optimizing the energy performance of buildings. The impact of green roofs on the energy balance of urban building surfaces in warmer climates, such as the Mediterranean, is still under investigation. In this study, 5 years of experimental data recorded between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed in comparison between a non-insulated flat roof and a green roof. The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal regulation capacity of green roofs on the energy balance of buildings and their efficiency as potential UHI mitigation strategies to make cities more resilient. Results of the study demonstrated that despite the limited depth of the substrate and plant diversity, the green roof provided thermal regulation to the building by reducing temperature fluctuations and moderating temperatures for both the building and its surrounding environment. This study provides evidence that the implementation of a green roof could effectively moderate roof temperatures and reduce fluctuations, especially during the summer season. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that even a simple and shallow extensive green roof could provide thermal benefits in a Mediterranean climate. Therefore, due to its structural lower weight, this type of green roofs could be installed on existing buildings and could provide thermal benefits to the building and the city.","PeriodicalId":272488,"journal":{"name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","volume":"43 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1177/01436244231223045
Z. Su, Yanfeng Li, Hua Zhong, Jun-mei Li, Shi Yang, Tianmei Du, Youbo Huang
The smoke back-layering length is a crucial parameter for evacuating people in both road and subway tunnel fires. This study investigates the fire hazard induced by carriage fire in inclined metro tunnels under natural ventilation. The parameter ‘transition slope’ is defined to measure the smoke flow from the carriage head in the upstream direction to the tunnel or not due to the stack effect of the tunnel slope. The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of changes in cross-section, downstream length, tunnel slope, and carriage side-door coupling on smoke behaviour characteristics by experiment and simulation methods. A piecewise function expression between dimensionless smoke back-layering length, downstream length, and tunnel slope for carriage fires in an inclined tunnel under natural ventilation is proposed by theoretical analysis. At the same time, a 1:15 scale model experiment was conducted to initially analyse the characteristics of smoke movement. Following this, full-scale numerical simulations were employed to complement the model experiment and quantify the principles governing smoke movement. The experimental results show that the tunnel slope has a significant effect on the smoke back-layering length. In contrast, the influence of the heat release rate was found to be relatively minor. In addition, simulation results show that the tunnel slope has no significant effect on the smoke back-layering length when the fire location is approximately 20 m from the train head, and the tunnel slope is in the range of 2.29° ∼ 3.43° (4% ∼ 6%). For small tunnel slopes, smoke spreads in the tunnel, and the smoke back-layering length produced by the virtual fire source shows a different law from the previous study model. Finally, the correlation coefficient of the piecewise function in theoretical analysis is fitted by combining the experimental and numerical simulation results. This study provides valuable insights into the practical implications of controlling and mitigating the impact of fires in inclined metro tunnels. By understanding the critical role of tunnel slope and providing a quantitative tool for smoke spread law assessment, this study contributes to the enhancement of safety measures and the protection of lives in tunnel environments during fire incidents.
{"title":"Investigation of the fire hazard of underground space fire scenarios in urban metro tunnels under natural ventilation: Analysis of the impact of tunnel slope on smoke back-layering length","authors":"Z. Su, Yanfeng Li, Hua Zhong, Jun-mei Li, Shi Yang, Tianmei Du, Youbo Huang","doi":"10.1177/01436244231223045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244231223045","url":null,"abstract":"The smoke back-layering length is a crucial parameter for evacuating people in both road and subway tunnel fires. This study investigates the fire hazard induced by carriage fire in inclined metro tunnels under natural ventilation. The parameter ‘transition slope’ is defined to measure the smoke flow from the carriage head in the upstream direction to the tunnel or not due to the stack effect of the tunnel slope. The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of changes in cross-section, downstream length, tunnel slope, and carriage side-door coupling on smoke behaviour characteristics by experiment and simulation methods. A piecewise function expression between dimensionless smoke back-layering length, downstream length, and tunnel slope for carriage fires in an inclined tunnel under natural ventilation is proposed by theoretical analysis. At the same time, a 1:15 scale model experiment was conducted to initially analyse the characteristics of smoke movement. Following this, full-scale numerical simulations were employed to complement the model experiment and quantify the principles governing smoke movement. The experimental results show that the tunnel slope has a significant effect on the smoke back-layering length. In contrast, the influence of the heat release rate was found to be relatively minor. In addition, simulation results show that the tunnel slope has no significant effect on the smoke back-layering length when the fire location is approximately 20 m from the train head, and the tunnel slope is in the range of 2.29° ∼ 3.43° (4% ∼ 6%). For small tunnel slopes, smoke spreads in the tunnel, and the smoke back-layering length produced by the virtual fire source shows a different law from the previous study model. Finally, the correlation coefficient of the piecewise function in theoretical analysis is fitted by combining the experimental and numerical simulation results. This study provides valuable insights into the practical implications of controlling and mitigating the impact of fires in inclined metro tunnels. By understanding the critical role of tunnel slope and providing a quantitative tool for smoke spread law assessment, this study contributes to the enhancement of safety measures and the protection of lives in tunnel environments during fire incidents.","PeriodicalId":272488,"journal":{"name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.1177/01436244231223048
Jing Wu, Lingmin Lin, Dan Li
This study employed FLUENT to analyse smoke movement and temperature distribution in an evacuation corridor with varying blockage ratios, focusing on the subway tunnel section of Fuzhou Metro Line 4. The simulation results revealed that under natural ventilation condition, the smoke spread area in the evacuation corridor is significantly greater for the high blockage ratio tunnel than for the low blockage ratio tunnel in the tunnel’s length direction, and the entire temperature distribution in the tunnel’s height direction is also high. Following the introduction of longitudinal ventilation, smoke spread in the evacuation corridor and the tunnel ceiling upstream of the fire source are effectively controlled, with smoke suppression movement in the evacuation corridor being significantly faster than that near the tunnel ceiling. As ventilation time increases, the back-layering length of smoke in the evacuation corridor gradually shortens. Within 150 s of ventilation, the critical safety distance below the safety temperature for a low blockage ratio is shorter than that for a high blockage ratio tunnel. In conclusion, longitudinal ventilation increases the cooling rate of high-temperature smoke in a high blockage ratio tunnel, but the influence of high ventilation velocity on evacuation cannot be ignored. This study provides recommendations for the evacuation plan and procedures under longitudinal ventilation. It is advisable to consider lowering the height of the evacuation corridor in the tunnel from the rail surface, thereby creating a more extensive safety space for personnel evacuation. Additionally, the implementation of prominent marks and voice prompts in the upstream area of the fire outbreak is crucial. This ensures that personnel are directed to evacuate from the upstream section during emergency situations.
{"title":"Characteristics of smoke movement in subway evacuation corridor under different blockage ratios","authors":"Jing Wu, Lingmin Lin, Dan Li","doi":"10.1177/01436244231223048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244231223048","url":null,"abstract":"This study employed FLUENT to analyse smoke movement and temperature distribution in an evacuation corridor with varying blockage ratios, focusing on the subway tunnel section of Fuzhou Metro Line 4. The simulation results revealed that under natural ventilation condition, the smoke spread area in the evacuation corridor is significantly greater for the high blockage ratio tunnel than for the low blockage ratio tunnel in the tunnel’s length direction, and the entire temperature distribution in the tunnel’s height direction is also high. Following the introduction of longitudinal ventilation, smoke spread in the evacuation corridor and the tunnel ceiling upstream of the fire source are effectively controlled, with smoke suppression movement in the evacuation corridor being significantly faster than that near the tunnel ceiling. As ventilation time increases, the back-layering length of smoke in the evacuation corridor gradually shortens. Within 150 s of ventilation, the critical safety distance below the safety temperature for a low blockage ratio is shorter than that for a high blockage ratio tunnel. In conclusion, longitudinal ventilation increases the cooling rate of high-temperature smoke in a high blockage ratio tunnel, but the influence of high ventilation velocity on evacuation cannot be ignored. This study provides recommendations for the evacuation plan and procedures under longitudinal ventilation. It is advisable to consider lowering the height of the evacuation corridor in the tunnel from the rail surface, thereby creating a more extensive safety space for personnel evacuation. Additionally, the implementation of prominent marks and voice prompts in the upstream area of the fire outbreak is crucial. This ensures that personnel are directed to evacuate from the upstream section during emergency situations.","PeriodicalId":272488,"journal":{"name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1177/01436244231221254
Vahid Zamani, S. Abtahi, Yong Li, Yuxiang Chen
Buildings can have varying heating and cooling set points to take advantage of favorable environmental conditions and low time-of-use rates. To optimize temperature scheduling and energy planning, building energy managements need reliable building thermal models and efficient estimation methods to accurately estimate space heating and cooling supply (or power demand) over a certain period (e.g., 24 h). This accurate estimation capability is vital for performing temperature control strategies. Therefore, the present study used resistor-capacitor (RC) models and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) integrated with nonlinear least square (NLS) to develop a method for precisely estimating heating and cooling supply to control zone temperature. To evaluate the capability of the method, two case studies are conducted. The first case study involves a made-up simple RC model, while the second case study uses monitored data from a single detached house in different scenarios. The capability of the method is evaluated by applying the estimated heating and cooling supply to the RC thermal model and simulated zone temperatures. Then, assess whether the controlled zone’s temperature meets the expected temperature or not. The performance evaluation shows that the developed method can accurately estimate the heating and cooling supply, validating its applicability to temperature control objectives. This research provides a valuable contribution to modern building industry professionals by offering a precise method for estimating heating and cooling supply for temperature control in buildings. By equipping practitioners with an effective tool to optimize energy management, this study addresses a critical aspect of building performance. The practical case studies demonstrate the versatility and applicability of this approach in real-world scenarios. In a world increasingly prioritizing energy efficiency and sustainability, this research empowers professionals to make informed decisions, enhance building performance, and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future, all within a concise and actionable framework.
{"title":"Heating and cooling supply estimation to control buildings temperature using resistor-capacitor thermal model, unscented kalman filter, and nonlinear least square method","authors":"Vahid Zamani, S. Abtahi, Yong Li, Yuxiang Chen","doi":"10.1177/01436244231221254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244231221254","url":null,"abstract":"Buildings can have varying heating and cooling set points to take advantage of favorable environmental conditions and low time-of-use rates. To optimize temperature scheduling and energy planning, building energy managements need reliable building thermal models and efficient estimation methods to accurately estimate space heating and cooling supply (or power demand) over a certain period (e.g., 24 h). This accurate estimation capability is vital for performing temperature control strategies. Therefore, the present study used resistor-capacitor (RC) models and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) integrated with nonlinear least square (NLS) to develop a method for precisely estimating heating and cooling supply to control zone temperature. To evaluate the capability of the method, two case studies are conducted. The first case study involves a made-up simple RC model, while the second case study uses monitored data from a single detached house in different scenarios. The capability of the method is evaluated by applying the estimated heating and cooling supply to the RC thermal model and simulated zone temperatures. Then, assess whether the controlled zone’s temperature meets the expected temperature or not. The performance evaluation shows that the developed method can accurately estimate the heating and cooling supply, validating its applicability to temperature control objectives. This research provides a valuable contribution to modern building industry professionals by offering a precise method for estimating heating and cooling supply for temperature control in buildings. By equipping practitioners with an effective tool to optimize energy management, this study addresses a critical aspect of building performance. The practical case studies demonstrate the versatility and applicability of this approach in real-world scenarios. In a world increasingly prioritizing energy efficiency and sustainability, this research empowers professionals to make informed decisions, enhance building performance, and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future, all within a concise and actionable framework.","PeriodicalId":272488,"journal":{"name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1177/01436244231221396
Dilek Arslan, H. Mohammadpourkarbasi, Steve Sharples
Until recently, reducing the energy required to service a building (the operational energy) was the main aim of controlling carbon emissions from the built environment. It is now recognised that the energy required to make a building (the embodied energy) also has a crucial role in creating a net zero carbon future. The methodologies for quantifying embodied carbon are less developed than those for operational carbon, and more research is required to refine the embodied carbon metrics used when a building’s whole-life carbon emissions are calculated in a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). One such metric is the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), a document which can be used in different countries to quantify a product's environmental performance. EPDs are crucial data for conducting an LCA study of a building. However, despite recent efforts to standardise them, there are still inconsistencies between EPDs produced by different countries or manufacturers, even for materials with similar thermal and physical properties. This study considered some of the reasons for variations in EPDs for one product type, expanded polystyrene insulation (EPS). Factors such as (i) the LCA databases and software generators used for the EPDs, (ii) material mixes and manufacturing methods, (iii) country energy production mixes, and (iv) transportation distance from material source to the factory were considered in the analysis. As a case study, this paper examined the effects of selecting different EPDs for expanded polystyrene insulation on the final LCA results from the retrofit of a mid-rise residential building in Turkiye. Differences in EPDs demonstrated a fourfold difference between the highest and lowest upfront carbon impact results of building retrofit. This size of discrepancy indicates the need to choose the most appropriate EPD for a building/location when performing an LCA. Selecting an EPD when conducting an LCA for a new building or retrofit is generally left to the assessor’s judgment and knowledge, which varies greatly depending on the assessor’s background, especially in the construction sector. This study suggests an informed decision-making method over an example of EPS insulation material when the EPD options were none or limited to building locations like Turkiye.
{"title":"Sensitivity analysis of the impact of environmental product declaration values on whole life carbon assessment: A case study using expanded polystyrene insulation for the retrofit of a building in Turkiye","authors":"Dilek Arslan, H. Mohammadpourkarbasi, Steve Sharples","doi":"10.1177/01436244231221396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244231221396","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, reducing the energy required to service a building (the operational energy) was the main aim of controlling carbon emissions from the built environment. It is now recognised that the energy required to make a building (the embodied energy) also has a crucial role in creating a net zero carbon future. The methodologies for quantifying embodied carbon are less developed than those for operational carbon, and more research is required to refine the embodied carbon metrics used when a building’s whole-life carbon emissions are calculated in a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). One such metric is the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), a document which can be used in different countries to quantify a product's environmental performance. EPDs are crucial data for conducting an LCA study of a building. However, despite recent efforts to standardise them, there are still inconsistencies between EPDs produced by different countries or manufacturers, even for materials with similar thermal and physical properties. This study considered some of the reasons for variations in EPDs for one product type, expanded polystyrene insulation (EPS). Factors such as (i) the LCA databases and software generators used for the EPDs, (ii) material mixes and manufacturing methods, (iii) country energy production mixes, and (iv) transportation distance from material source to the factory were considered in the analysis. As a case study, this paper examined the effects of selecting different EPDs for expanded polystyrene insulation on the final LCA results from the retrofit of a mid-rise residential building in Turkiye. Differences in EPDs demonstrated a fourfold difference between the highest and lowest upfront carbon impact results of building retrofit. This size of discrepancy indicates the need to choose the most appropriate EPD for a building/location when performing an LCA. Selecting an EPD when conducting an LCA for a new building or retrofit is generally left to the assessor’s judgment and knowledge, which varies greatly depending on the assessor’s background, especially in the construction sector. This study suggests an informed decision-making method over an example of EPS insulation material when the EPD options were none or limited to building locations like Turkiye.","PeriodicalId":272488,"journal":{"name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","volume":"59 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138587644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1177/01436244231216578
Kosisochukwu Chukwujindu, Ganapathy Kasiraman
The relationship between thermal comfort, building floor levels, and HVAC energy consumption in tropical high-rise residential buildings remains unclear. These buildings face heavy cooling demands due to their immense height and volume, as well as hot-humid weather found in the tropics. Architects and building developers understand that an increase in a building's floor count increases its energy requirements, but the impact on occupant thermal requirements and AC energy consumption needs further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between passive thermal comfort, AC energy consumption, and floor levels in tropical high-rise residential buildings through survey and experimental methods. The results showed a significant relationship between thermal sensation votes and building floor levels, as well as AC energy consumption and floor levels. The study also found a strong correlation between thermal sensation votes and predicted mean votes, AC energy use, and predicted people dissatisfied. The optimal cut-off floors for thermal dissatisfaction according to (TSV) are 22nd floor and 8th floor in summer and monsoon seasons respectively. With a 90% sensitivity and 92% specificity. This research highlights the importance of addressing thermal comfort in high-rise buildings to improve energy efficiency and thermal comfort in tropical climates.
{"title":"Correlation of AC energy consumption and passive thermal comfort with floor levels in tropical high-rise residential dwellings","authors":"Kosisochukwu Chukwujindu, Ganapathy Kasiraman","doi":"10.1177/01436244231216578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244231216578","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between thermal comfort, building floor levels, and HVAC energy consumption in tropical high-rise residential buildings remains unclear. These buildings face heavy cooling demands due to their immense height and volume, as well as hot-humid weather found in the tropics. Architects and building developers understand that an increase in a building's floor count increases its energy requirements, but the impact on occupant thermal requirements and AC energy consumption needs further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between passive thermal comfort, AC energy consumption, and floor levels in tropical high-rise residential buildings through survey and experimental methods. The results showed a significant relationship between thermal sensation votes and building floor levels, as well as AC energy consumption and floor levels. The study also found a strong correlation between thermal sensation votes and predicted mean votes, AC energy use, and predicted people dissatisfied. The optimal cut-off floors for thermal dissatisfaction according to (TSV) are 22nd floor and 8th floor in summer and monsoon seasons respectively. With a 90% sensitivity and 92% specificity. This research highlights the importance of addressing thermal comfort in high-rise buildings to improve energy efficiency and thermal comfort in tropical climates.","PeriodicalId":272488,"journal":{"name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to examine the efficiency of ventilation and airflow patterns in a multi-level layer hen house. The utilization of windcatchers as a natural ventilation system was the main area of focus. By comparing CFD simulations with experimental data using ANSYS Fluent, the results were validated. The findings showed good agreement in airflow velocity within the windcatchers and throughout the entire building between the CFD calculations and the experimental tests, resulting in uniform airflow distribution and the absence of turbulence in the area where the chickens were kept. This setup provided the layer hens with an acceptable level of comfort by maintaining a consistent and steady temperature profile. The windcatcher-based model demonstrated better temperature uniformity than mechanical window ventilation. The study also emphasized the importance of maintaining appropriate humidity levels throughout the building to ensure the comfort and productivity of layer hens. The advantages of the windcatcher-based system in terms of temperature distribution and airflow control were highlighted by comparison with an alternative ventilation model. These results underscore the importance of using natural ventilation systems, such as windcatchers, to create optimal ventilation conditions and provide layer hens with a comfortable and productive environment (resulting in a temperature reduction from 29°C to 19.85°C with a low and uniform air velocity ranging from 0 m/s to 0.7 m/s at cage level). Practical application An effective and eco-friendly approach to enhance animal health and productivity in poultry farms is to install a natural ventilation system with wind collectors. This setup creates optimal conditions for the animals by improving air quality, regulating temperature, and fine-tuning ventilation. Additionally, it promotes overall sustainability in poultry facilities by lowering energy costs and advocating for environmentally friendly management, aligning agricultural practices with stringent environmental standards.
{"title":"Investigation of the effectiveness of top-down natural ventilation of a poultry building in a hot-summer mediterranean climate","authors":"Mariem Fezai, Bourhan Tashtoush, Marouen Ghoulem, Khaled Elmoueddeb, Mouna Elakhdar","doi":"10.1177/01436244231215454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244231215454","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to examine the efficiency of ventilation and airflow patterns in a multi-level layer hen house. The utilization of windcatchers as a natural ventilation system was the main area of focus. By comparing CFD simulations with experimental data using ANSYS Fluent, the results were validated. The findings showed good agreement in airflow velocity within the windcatchers and throughout the entire building between the CFD calculations and the experimental tests, resulting in uniform airflow distribution and the absence of turbulence in the area where the chickens were kept. This setup provided the layer hens with an acceptable level of comfort by maintaining a consistent and steady temperature profile. The windcatcher-based model demonstrated better temperature uniformity than mechanical window ventilation. The study also emphasized the importance of maintaining appropriate humidity levels throughout the building to ensure the comfort and productivity of layer hens. The advantages of the windcatcher-based system in terms of temperature distribution and airflow control were highlighted by comparison with an alternative ventilation model. These results underscore the importance of using natural ventilation systems, such as windcatchers, to create optimal ventilation conditions and provide layer hens with a comfortable and productive environment (resulting in a temperature reduction from 29°C to 19.85°C with a low and uniform air velocity ranging from 0 m/s to 0.7 m/s at cage level). Practical application An effective and eco-friendly approach to enhance animal health and productivity in poultry farms is to install a natural ventilation system with wind collectors. This setup creates optimal conditions for the animals by improving air quality, regulating temperature, and fine-tuning ventilation. Additionally, it promotes overall sustainability in poultry facilities by lowering energy costs and advocating for environmentally friendly management, aligning agricultural practices with stringent environmental standards.","PeriodicalId":272488,"journal":{"name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","volume":"16 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135043041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1177/01436244231209622
The results of this research can provide some guidance for the application of PV walls in similar climate regions and promote the development of building integrated photovoltaics
{"title":"Practical applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01436244231209622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244231209622","url":null,"abstract":"The results of this research can provide some guidance for the application of PV walls in similar climate regions and promote the development of building integrated photovoltaics","PeriodicalId":272488,"journal":{"name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","volume":"87 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135271517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1177/01436244231208078
Yidan Guo, Xueying Xia, Zhaotai Wang, Yuhan Liu, Zhen Li
There is an imbalance between supply and demand in the power system. Implementing demand response control strategies for air-conditioning systems is beneficial to optimize the allocation of power resources. Here, we use two single strategies and a combination strategy for the radiant roof cooling system: passive energy storage, global temperature reset, and the passive energy storage-global temperature reset combination strategy to implement demand response control, all of which achieve peak load reduction or shifting by changing the indoor controlled parameters. Based on the thermal inertia of the building envelope, we utilize a TRNSYS model to analyze the performance of three demand response strategies of radiant roof cooling systems in terms of thermal comfort, energy consumption, operating costs, and peak load shifting rates. The findings reveal that implementing demand response strategies can reduce the operating energy consumption of radiant roof cooling systems and facilitate peak load shifting. Among them, the combined response strategy shows the best peak load transfer effect, with a transfer rate of 19.84% and a better operating economy. Meanwhile, we find that the outdoor temperature affects the implementation of demand response strategies for the radiant roof cooling system based on the thermal inertia of the building envelope. Practical application The study has significant application value in the following aspects: Implementing a demand response strategy for the radiant roof cooling system, based on the thermal inertia of the building envelope, can reduce operational energy consumption and achieve peak load shifting. This approach effectively addresses the issue of supply-demand imbalance in the power system. The application of the work could facilitate improved operational energy efficiency, contributing to emissions reduction goals and optimizing the use of intermittent renewable energy systems in power grids.
{"title":"Demand response strategy study of a radiant roof cooling system based on the thermal inertia of the building envelope","authors":"Yidan Guo, Xueying Xia, Zhaotai Wang, Yuhan Liu, Zhen Li","doi":"10.1177/01436244231208078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244231208078","url":null,"abstract":"There is an imbalance between supply and demand in the power system. Implementing demand response control strategies for air-conditioning systems is beneficial to optimize the allocation of power resources. Here, we use two single strategies and a combination strategy for the radiant roof cooling system: passive energy storage, global temperature reset, and the passive energy storage-global temperature reset combination strategy to implement demand response control, all of which achieve peak load reduction or shifting by changing the indoor controlled parameters. Based on the thermal inertia of the building envelope, we utilize a TRNSYS model to analyze the performance of three demand response strategies of radiant roof cooling systems in terms of thermal comfort, energy consumption, operating costs, and peak load shifting rates. The findings reveal that implementing demand response strategies can reduce the operating energy consumption of radiant roof cooling systems and facilitate peak load shifting. Among them, the combined response strategy shows the best peak load transfer effect, with a transfer rate of 19.84% and a better operating economy. Meanwhile, we find that the outdoor temperature affects the implementation of demand response strategies for the radiant roof cooling system based on the thermal inertia of the building envelope. Practical application The study has significant application value in the following aspects: Implementing a demand response strategy for the radiant roof cooling system, based on the thermal inertia of the building envelope, can reduce operational energy consumption and achieve peak load shifting. This approach effectively addresses the issue of supply-demand imbalance in the power system. The application of the work could facilitate improved operational energy efficiency, contributing to emissions reduction goals and optimizing the use of intermittent renewable energy systems in power grids.","PeriodicalId":272488,"journal":{"name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1177/01436244231204450
Jonathan Koon Ngee Tan, Adrian Wing-Keung Law, Akshay Kumar Maan, Sai Hung Cheung
During a disruption, actionable insights generated from real-time data of the disrupted system can be used to dynamically recalibrate mitigation and recovery responses but there is currently a paucity of investigation on such assessment and management of resilience in real time. In this study, we propose the concept of real-time resilience to encapsulate the capacity of a disrupted system to continuously recalibrate its responses and minimize its damage. Quantitative metrics to assess the real-time resilience are also established. Subsequently, a digital-twin-based control for mechanical ventilation systems was developed as a tool to enable real-time resilience against airborne infection in indoor spaces. For demonstration, numerical simulations were performed with the adoption of the new tool in an indoor food court. Results showed that the gross resilience of the diners was enhanced in terms of improvements to the metrics of disruption duration (26%–61%), loss of resilience (2%–39%), and average rate of recovery (26%–74%). At the same time, the tempo-spatial variations suggested that increasing the ventilation rate increased the dilution and dispersion of infectious aerosols simultaneously, which can have opposing effects on individual resilience depending on the diner’s location. The trade-off between real-time resilience and energy use was discussed based on the results. Practical applications: This study proposed a new tool based on the concept of real-time resilience to control ventilation to mitigate the indoor transmission of airborne infectious disease. The tool utilized numerical simulations to assess the tempo-spatial variation of infection risks and determine the adaptive changes needed for risk mitigation based on the predictive assessment. The evaluation of the tool using the proposed metrics of real-time resilience was demonstrated and the results showed that adoption of the tool can lead to improvements in disruption duration, loss of resilience, and average rate of recovery for diners in a food court.
{"title":"Digital-twin-controlled ventilation for real-time resilience against transmission of airborne infectious disease in an indoor food court","authors":"Jonathan Koon Ngee Tan, Adrian Wing-Keung Law, Akshay Kumar Maan, Sai Hung Cheung","doi":"10.1177/01436244231204450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244231204450","url":null,"abstract":"During a disruption, actionable insights generated from real-time data of the disrupted system can be used to dynamically recalibrate mitigation and recovery responses but there is currently a paucity of investigation on such assessment and management of resilience in real time. In this study, we propose the concept of real-time resilience to encapsulate the capacity of a disrupted system to continuously recalibrate its responses and minimize its damage. Quantitative metrics to assess the real-time resilience are also established. Subsequently, a digital-twin-based control for mechanical ventilation systems was developed as a tool to enable real-time resilience against airborne infection in indoor spaces. For demonstration, numerical simulations were performed with the adoption of the new tool in an indoor food court. Results showed that the gross resilience of the diners was enhanced in terms of improvements to the metrics of disruption duration (26%–61%), loss of resilience (2%–39%), and average rate of recovery (26%–74%). At the same time, the tempo-spatial variations suggested that increasing the ventilation rate increased the dilution and dispersion of infectious aerosols simultaneously, which can have opposing effects on individual resilience depending on the diner’s location. The trade-off between real-time resilience and energy use was discussed based on the results. Practical applications: This study proposed a new tool based on the concept of real-time resilience to control ventilation to mitigate the indoor transmission of airborne infectious disease. The tool utilized numerical simulations to assess the tempo-spatial variation of infection risks and determine the adaptive changes needed for risk mitigation based on the predictive assessment. The evaluation of the tool using the proposed metrics of real-time resilience was demonstrated and the results showed that adoption of the tool can lead to improvements in disruption duration, loss of resilience, and average rate of recovery for diners in a food court.","PeriodicalId":272488,"journal":{"name":"Building Services Engineering Research and Technology","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135738992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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