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2009 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro最新文献

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Implementation and optimization of a new Super-Resolution technique in PET imaging 一种新的超分辨率PET成像技术的实现与优化
Pub Date : 2009-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193031
Guoping Chang, T. Pan, John W. Clark, O. Mawlawi
Super-Resolution (SR) techniques are used in PET imaging to generate a high-resolution image by combining multiple low-resolution images that have been acquired from different points of view (POV). In this paper, we propose a new implementation of the SR technique (NSR) whereby the required multiple low-resolution images are generated by shifting the reconstruction pixel grid during the image-reconstruction process rather than being acquired from different POV. In order to reduce the overall processing time and memory storage, we further propose two optimized SR implementations (NSR-O1 & NSR-O2) that require only a subset of the low resolution images (two sides & diagonal of the image matrix, respectively). The objective of this paper is to test the performances of the NSR, NSR-O1 & NSR-O2 implementations and compare them to the original SR implementation (OSR) using experimental studies. Materials and Methods A point source and a NEMA/IEC phantom study were conducted for this investigation. In each study, an OSR image (256×256) was generated by combining 16 (4×4) low-resolution images (64×64) that were reconstructed from 16 different data sets acquired from different POV. Furthermore, another set of 16 low-resolution images were reconstructed from the same (first) data set using different reconstruction POV to generate a NSR image (256×256). In addition, two different subsets of the second 16-image set (two sides & diagonal of the image matrix, respectively) were combined to generate the NSR-O1 and NSR-O2 images respectively. The 4 SR images (OSR, NSR, NSR-O1 & NSR-O2) were compared with one another with respect to contrast, resolution, noise and SNR. For reference purposes a comparison with a native reconstruction (NR) image using a high resolution pixel grid (256×256) was also performed. Results The point source study showed that the proposed NSR, NSR-O1 & NSR-O2 images exhibited identical contrast and resolution as the OSR image (0.5% and 1.2% difference on average, respectively). Comparisons between the SR and NR images for the point source study showed that the NR image exhibited an average 30% and 8% lower contrast and resolution respectively. The NEMA/IEC phantom study showed that the three NSR images exhibited similar noise structures as one another but different from the OSR image. The SNR of the three NSR images were similar (2.1% difference) but on average 22% lower than the OSR image largely due to an increase in background noise, while the NR image had an average of 14.5% lower SNR versus the three NSR images. Conclusion The NSR implementation can potentially replace the OSR approach in current PET scanners while maintaining similar contrast and resolution, but at a relatively lower SNR. This NSR implementation can be further optimized as NSR-O1 & NSR-O2 implementations by using only a subset of low-resolution images which can achieve similar image contrast, resolution and SNR but require less processing time and memory storage. A m
超分辨率(SR)技术用于PET成像,通过将从不同视点(POV)获得的多幅低分辨率图像组合在一起,生成高分辨率图像。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的SR技术(NSR)实现方法,即在图像重建过程中通过移动重建像素网格来生成所需的多幅低分辨率图像,而不是从不同的POV中获取。为了减少整体处理时间和内存存储,我们进一步提出了两种优化的SR实现(NSR-O1和NSR-O2),它们只需要低分辨率图像的子集(分别为图像矩阵的两面和对角线)。本文的目的是测试NSR、NSR- o1和NSR- o2实现的性能,并通过实验研究将它们与原始的SR实现(OSR)进行比较。材料和方法本研究采用点源和NEMA/IEC模体研究。在每一项研究中,将从不同POV获取的16个不同数据集重构的16幅(4×4)低分辨率图像(64×64)合并生成OSR图像(256×256)。此外,从相同(第一)数据集使用不同的重构POV重构另一组16张低分辨率图像,生成NSR图像(256×256)。此外,将第二个16张图像集的两个不同子集(分别为图像矩阵的两条边和对角线)组合在一起,分别生成NSR-O1和NSR-O2图像。将4幅SR图像(OSR、NSR、NSR- 01和NSR- 02)在对比度、分辨率、噪声和信噪比等方面进行比较。为了供参考,还与使用高分辨率像素网格(256×256)的自然重建(NR)图像进行了比较。结果点源研究表明,所提出的NSR、NSR- o1和NSR- o2图像与OSR图像的对比度和分辨率相同(平均差异分别为0.5%和1.2%)。在点源研究中,SR和NR图像的对比表明,NR图像的对比度和分辨率分别平均降低30%和8%。NEMA/IEC模体研究表明,三幅NSR图像具有相似的噪声结构,但与OSR图像不同。三幅NSR图像的信噪比相似(相差2.1%),但平均比OSR图像低22%,这主要是由于背景噪声的增加,而NR图像的信噪比平均比三幅NSR图像低14.5%。结论在现有PET扫描仪中,NSR的实现有可能取代OSR方法,同时保持相似的对比度和分辨率,但信噪比相对较低。这种NSR实现可以进一步优化为NSR- o1和NSR- o2实现,只使用低分辨率图像的子集,可以实现相似的图像对比度,分辨率和信噪比,但需要更少的处理时间和内存存储。与OSR相比,NSR实现的一个主要优势是其整体扫描持续时间更短,从而增加了扫描仪的吞吐量并减少了患者的运动。
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引用次数: 3
Application of 3D local phase theory in vessel segmentation 三维局部相位理论在血管分割中的应用
Pub Date : 2009-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193267
Po Wang, C. Kelly, M. Brady
The aim of this work is to segment, and quantify, the vasculature of tumours, based on fluorescent microscope 3D images. Such images have poor contrast and the vascular features vary substantially within a 3D volume. In this paper, we introduce a method to estimate local phase in 3D images based on the monogenic signal theory, and illustrate its performance on our vasculature images.
这项工作的目的是分割,并量化,肿瘤的血管系统,基于荧光显微镜的3D图像。这样的图像对比度差,血管特征在三维体积内变化很大。本文介绍了一种基于单基因信号理论的三维图像局部相位估计方法,并举例说明了该方法在血管图像上的性能。
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引用次数: 7
Combining mesh, volume, and streamline representations for polyp detection in CT colonography 结合网格、体积和流线表示在CT结肠镜中检测息肉
Pub Date : 2009-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193200
V. F. V. Ravesteijn, Lingxiao Zhao, C. Botha, F. Post, F. Vos, L. Vliet
CT colonography is a screening technique for adenomatous colorectal polyps, which are important precursors to colon cancer. Computer aided detection (CAD) systems are developed to assist radiologists. We present a CAD system that substantially reduces false positives while keeping the sensitivity high. Hereto, we combine protrusion measures derived from the solution of a non-linear partial differential equation (PDE) applied to both an explicit mesh and an implicit volumetric representation of the colon wall. The shape of the protruding elements is efficiently described via a technique from data visualization based on curvature streamlines. A low-complex pattern recognition system based on an intuitive feature from the aforementioned representations improves performance to less than 1.6 false positives per scan at 92% sensitivity per polyp.
CT结肠镜检查是一种筛查结直肠腺瘤性息肉的技术,它是结肠癌的重要前兆。计算机辅助检测(CAD)系统的开发是为了协助放射科医生。我们提出了一个CAD系统,大大减少误报,同时保持高灵敏度。在此,我们结合了从非线性偏微分方程(PDE)的解中导出的突出度量,应用于显式网格和隐式结肠壁的体积表示。通过基于曲率流线的数据可视化技术有效地描述了突出元素的形状。基于上述表示的直观特征的低复杂性模式识别系统将性能提高到每次扫描低于1.6个假阳性,每个息肉的灵敏度为92%。
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引用次数: 8
Using consensus measures for atlas construction 采用共识方法构建地图集
Pub Date : 2009-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193271
L. Ramus, G. Malandain
Atlas-based segmentation has been shown to provide promising results to delineate critical structures for radiotherapy planning. However, it requires to have a reference image with its reference segmentation available. Classical methods used to build an average segmentation can lead to over-segmentation in case of high variability among the manual segmentations. We propose in this paper a consensus-based approach to construct a reference segmentation from a database of manually delineated images. We first compute local consensus measures to estimate a variability map, and then deduct from it a consensus segmentation. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated using a dataset of 64 manually delineated images of the head and neck region.
基于阿特拉斯的分割已被证明为描绘放射治疗计划的关键结构提供了有希望的结果。然而,它需要有一个参考图像,其参考分割可用。在手工分割的高度可变性的情况下,传统的平均分割方法会导致过度分割。本文提出了一种基于共识的方法,从手动描绘的图像数据库中构建参考分割。我们首先计算局部共识度量来估计可变性图,然后从中推导出共识分割。最后,使用64张手动勾画的头颈部区域图像的数据集对所提出的方法进行了评估。
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引用次数: 1
Accelerating regularized iterative ct reconstruction on commodity graphics hardware (GPU) 在商用图形硬件(GPU)上加速正则化迭代ct重构
Pub Date : 2009-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193298
W. Xu, K. Mueller
Iterative reconstruction algorithms augmented with regularization can produce high-quality reconstructions from few views and even in the presence of significant noise. In this paper we focus on the particularities associated with the GPU acceleration of these. First, we introduce the idea of using exhaustive benchmark tests to determine the optimal settings of various parameters in iterative algorithm, here OS-SIRT, which proofs decisive for obtaining optimal GPU performance. Then we introduce bilateral filtering as a viable and cost-effective means for regularization, and we show that GPU-acceleration reduces its overhead to very moderate levels.
经过正则化增强的迭代重建算法可以在少量视图甚至存在明显噪声的情况下产生高质量的重建。在本文中,我们关注与这些GPU加速相关的特殊性。首先,我们介绍了使用穷举基准测试来确定迭代算法中各种参数的最佳设置的思想,这里是OS-SIRT,这证明了获得最佳GPU性能的决定性。然后,我们引入双边滤波作为一种可行且经济有效的正则化方法,并证明gpu加速将其开销降低到非常适中的水平。
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引用次数: 7
Non-invasive differential diagnosis of dental periapical lesions in cone-beam CT 牙根尖周病变的锥束CT无创鉴别诊断
Pub Date : 2009-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193110
Arturo Flores, Steven J. Rysavy, R. Enciso, K. Okada
This paper proposes a novel application of computer-aided diagnosis to a clinically significant dental problem: non-invasive differential diagnosis of periapical lesions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The proposed semi-automatic solution combines graph-theoretic random walks segmentation and machine learning-based LDA and AdaBoost classifiers. Our quantitative experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method by demonstrating 94.1% correct classification rate. Furthermore, we compare classification performances with two independent ground-truth sets from the biopsy and CBCT diagnoses. ROC analysis reveals our method improves accuracy for both cases and behaves more in agreement with the CBCT diagnosis, supporting a hypothesis presented in a recent clinical report.
本文提出了一种新的计算机辅助诊断应用于临床重要的牙科问题:使用锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)进行根尖周围病变的无创鉴别诊断。提出的半自动解决方案结合了图论随机行走分割和基于机器学习的LDA和AdaBoost分类器。我们的定量实验证明了该方法的有效性,分类正确率达到94.1%。此外,我们比较了来自活检和CBCT诊断的两个独立的基真集的分类性能。ROC分析显示,我们的方法提高了这两种情况的准确性,并且与CBCT诊断更加一致,支持了最近临床报告中提出的假设。
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引用次数: 17
Diffused optical tomography using oxygen-sensitive luminescent contrast agent 氧敏发光造影剂的扩散光学层析成像
Pub Date : 2009-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193162
R. Gurjar, Madhavi Seetamraju, N. Kolodziejski, Koo Yong-Eun, Anand T. N. Kumar, R. Kopelman
We present results of diffused phosphorescence lifetime tomography performed on tissue-simulating phantoms for high contrast imaging of hypoxic breast tumors. Oxygen sensitive phosphor embedded in a versatile nanoparticle matrix was used as contrast agent to identify simulated hypoxic tumors in phantoms. The surface of these nanoparticles was decorated with F3 peptide that targets cell surface receptors that is often overexpressed in aggressive breast tumors. The surface functionalization did not interfere with the embedded phosphor's characteristics. The phosphorescence intensity and lifetime was measured using single photon sensitive multi-pixel photon counting (MPPC) detectors in box-car geometry. The detection technique has a large dynamic range, high sensitivity and good resolution in oxygen concentration.
我们报告了对低氧乳腺肿瘤的高对比度成像进行组织模拟幻象的扩散磷光终身断层扫描的结果。在多用途纳米颗粒基质中嵌入氧敏荧光粉作为造影剂,用于识别模拟缺氧肿瘤的幻影。这些纳米颗粒的表面装饰有F3肽,F3肽靶向细胞表面受体,这种受体在侵袭性乳腺肿瘤中经常过度表达。表面功能化不影响嵌入荧光粉的特性。采用箱形几何的单光子敏感多像素光子计数(MPPC)探测器测量了磷光强度和寿命。该检测技术具有动态范围大、灵敏度高、氧浓度分辨率好等特点。
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引用次数: 1
Quantitative comparison of spot detection methods in live-cell fluorescence microscopy imaging 活细胞荧光显微镜成像中斑点检测方法的定量比较
Pub Date : 2009-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193268
Ihor Smal, M. Loog, W. Niessen, E. Meijering
In live-cell fluorescence microscopy imaging, quantitative analysis of biological image data generally involves the detection of many subresolution objects, appearing as diffraction-limited spots. Due to acquisition limitations, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be extremely low, making automated spot detection a very challenging task. In this paper, we quantitatively evaluate the performance of the most frequently used supervised and unsupervised detection methods for this purpose. Experiments on synthetic images of three different types, for which ground truth was available, as well as on real image data sets acquired for two different biological studies, for which we obtained expert manual annotations for comparison, revealed that for very low SNRs (≈2), the supervised (machine learning) methods perform best overall, closely followed by the detectors based on the so-called h-dome transform from mathematical morphology and the multiscale variance-stabilizing transform, which do not require a learning stage. At high SNRs (≫5), the difference in performance of all considered detectors becomes negligible.
在活细胞荧光显微镜成像中,生物图像数据的定量分析通常涉及到许多亚分辨率物体的检测,这些物体表现为衍射极限点。由于采集的限制,信噪比(SNR)可能非常低,这使得自动斑点检测成为一项非常具有挑战性的任务。在本文中,我们定量地评估了为此目的最常用的监督和非监督检测方法的性能。在三种不同类型的合成图像上进行的实验,可以获得地面真理,以及在为两种不同的生物学研究获得的真实图像数据集上进行的实验,我们获得了专家手工注释进行比较,结果表明,对于非常低的信噪比(≈2),监督(机器学习)方法总体上表现最好,其次是基于数学形态学的所谓h-dome变换和多尺度方差稳定变换的检测器。不需要学习阶段。在高信噪比(5)时,所有考虑的检测器的性能差异变得可以忽略不计。
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引用次数: 26
Automatic markup of neural cell membranes using boosted decision stumps 使用增强决策残桩的神经细胞膜自动标记
Pub Date : 2009-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193233
K. Venkataraju, António R. C. Paiva, E. Jurrus, T. Tasdizen
To better understand the central nervous system, neurobiologists need to reconstruct the underlying neural circuitry from electron microscopy images. One of the necessary tasks is to segment the individual neurons. For this purpose, we propose a supervised learning approach to detect the cell membranes. The classifier was trained using AdaBoost, on local and context features. The features were selected to highlight the line characteristics of cell membranes. It is shown that using features from context positions allows for more information to be utilized in the classification. Together with the nonlinear discrimination ability of the AdaBoost classifier, this results in clearly noticeable improvements over previously used methods.
为了更好地理解中枢神经系统,神经生物学家需要从电子显微镜图像中重建潜在的神经回路。其中一个必要的任务是分割单个神经元。为此,我们提出了一种监督学习方法来检测细胞膜。分类器使用AdaBoost进行局部和上下文特征的训练。选择这些特征是为了突出细胞膜的线特征。结果表明,使用上下文位置的特征可以在分类中利用更多的信息。再加上AdaBoost分类器的非线性识别能力,这比以前使用的方法有了明显的改进。
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引用次数: 29
LV surface reconstruction from sparse tMRI using Laplacian Surface Deformation and Optimization 基于拉普拉斯曲面变形与优化的稀疏tMRI LV曲面重建
Pub Date : 2009-06-28 DOI: 10.1109/ISBI.2009.5193143
Shaoting Zhang, Xiaoxu Wang, Dimitris N. Metaxas, Ting Chen, L. Axel
We propose a novel framework to reconstruct the left ventricle (LV)'s 3D surface from sparse tagged-MRI (tMRI). First we acquire an initial surface mesh from a dense tMRI. Then landmarks are calculated both on contours of a specific new tMRI data and on corresponding slices of the initial mesh. Next, we employ several filters including global deformation, local deformation and remeshing to deform the initial surface mesh to the image data. This step integrates Polar Decomposition, Laplacian Surface Optimization (LSO) and Deformation (LSD) algorithms. The resulting mesh represents the reconstructed surface of the image data. Further more, this high quality surface mesh can be adopted by most deformable models. Using tagging line information, these models can reconstruct LV motion. The experimental results show that compared to Thin Plate Spline (TPS) our algorithm is relatively fast, the shape represents image data better and the triangle quality is more suitable for deformable model.
我们提出了一种新的框架来重建左心室(LV)的三维表面稀疏标记磁共振成像(tMRI)。首先,我们从密集的tMRI中获得初始表面网格。然后在特定的新tMRI数据的轮廓和初始网格的相应切片上计算地标。接下来,我们使用包括全局变形、局部变形和网格重划分在内的几个过滤器来将初始表面网格变形为图像数据。该步骤集成了极分解、拉普拉斯曲面优化(LSO)和变形(LSD)算法。生成的网格表示图像数据的重构表面。此外,这种高质量的表面网格可以被大多数可变形模型所采用。利用标记线信息,这些模型可以重建LV运动。实验结果表明,与薄板样条(TPS)相比,该算法速度较快,形状能更好地表示图像数据,三角形质量更适合可变形模型。
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引用次数: 24
期刊
2009 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro
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