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2016 IEEE 14th International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control (AMC)最新文献

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An approach for coverage path planning for UAVs 一种无人机覆盖路径规划方法
Pub Date : 2016-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2016.7496385
L. H. Nam, Loulin Huang, Xue Jun Li, Jianfeng Xu
In this paper, an offline flight planner that computes an efficient coverage trajectory for a quad-rotors UAV is presented. The planner consists of three steps: mission definition, automatic path planning and trajectory generation. The proposed planner, as a useful tool, allows an UAV operator to easily define and generate a coverage trajectory for any specific task. The resultant trajectory can be dispatched to a quad-rotors with trajectory tracking controller for the missions that require a complete area coverage.
提出了一种计算四旋翼无人机有效覆盖轨迹的离线飞行规划器。规划包括任务定义、自动路径规划和轨迹生成三个步骤。提议的规划器,作为一个有用的工具,允许无人机操作员为任何特定任务轻松定义和生成覆盖轨迹。所得到的轨迹可以被发送到带有轨迹跟踪控制器的四旋翼飞行器,用于需要完整区域覆盖的任务。
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引用次数: 55
Transformer-gyrator-mixed bilateral control for mobile robot 移动机器人的变压器-旋转-混合双边控制
Pub Date : 2016-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2016.7496386
Soudai Tanaka, T. Mizoguchi, Y. Asano, T. Shimono
This paper proposes a motion control method for a remote-controlled vehicle with an accelerator pedal by mixing two types of bilateral control, namely, transformer-type bilateral control and gyrator-type bilateral control. Transformer-type bilateral control has a function to satisfy haptic transmission between the master and slave. However, it has a weakness that the position control limits the movable range of the slave to that of the master in a master-slave system with different configurations. On the other hand, gyrator-type bilateral control has a function that synchronizes the velocity of the one side to the force of the other side. Nevertheless, it has a property that the master and slave position are not controlled. In this paper, the mobile robot is the slave and the pedal robot is the master. The proposed method utilizes the function of gyrator-type bilateral control in differential modal space to couple the tread torque on the pedal to the velocity of the mobile robot. This resolves the restriction on the movable range of the pedal. Simultaneously, a property of transformer-type bilateral control is utilized in common modal space in order to achieve force-based compliance control for the pedal and a feedback of the force information from the mobile robot to the pedal.
本文提出了一种将变压器式双侧控制和旋翼式双侧控制两种双侧控制混合在一起的带有加速踏板的遥控车辆运动控制方法。变压器式双边控制具有满足主从之间触觉传递的功能。但是,在不同配置的主从系统中,位置控制限制了从机的活动范围和主机的活动范围。另一方面,旋转式双侧控制具有将一侧的速度与另一侧的力同步的功能。然而,它有一个属性,主人和奴隶的地位是不受控制的。本文以移动机器人为从机,脚踏机器人为主机。该方法利用微分模态空间的旋翼式双边控制功能,将踏板上的踏面扭矩与移动机器人的速度耦合起来。这就解决了踏板活动范围的限制。同时,利用变压器型双边控制的特性,在共模态空间实现了基于力的踏板柔度控制,并将移动机器人的力信息反馈到踏板上。
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引用次数: 0
Evolving individual and collective behaviours for the Kilobot robot 进化的Kilobot机器人的个体和集体行为
Pub Date : 2016-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2016.7496361
M. Beckerleg, Chan Zhang
This paper demonstrates how individual and collective behaviours of robots can be evolved using a novel technique of applying a genetic algorithm on a lookup table based chromosome. The evolved behaviours are: orbiting a stationary robot; navigation between three robots; follow the leader using six robots; and robot dispersal where the robots move away from each other. These behaviours are based on those used by Harvard University when demonstrating some of the collective behaviours that can be implemented by the Kilobot robot. With careful selection of the lookup tables and fitness functions all the above behaviours can be successfully evolved.
本文演示了机器人的个体和集体行为是如何使用一种基于染色体查找表的遗传算法的新技术来进化的。进化后的行为是:绕着静止的机器人运行;三个机器人之间的导航;使用6个机器人跟随领队;机器人分散在彼此远离的地方。这些行为是基于哈佛大学在展示一些可以由Kilobot机器人实现的集体行为时使用的那些行为。通过仔细选择查找表和适应度函数,上述所有行为都可以成功进化。
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引用次数: 5
Implementation of a leader-follower controller for a skid-steering wheel-legged robot 滑转向轮腿机器人先导-跟随控制器的实现
Pub Date : 2016-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2016.7496367
Luc Xuan Tu Phung, I. Sharf, B. Beckman
In this paper, we present a leader-follower controller for the Micro-Hydraulic Toolkit (MHT), a skid-steering wheel-legged robot designed by Defence Research and Development Canada - Suffield Research Centre. The objective of the controller is to maneuver the MHT towards a desired position with respect to a designated leader. Using the range and bearing of the leader from the robot, the leader-follower controller computes the desired wheel velocities of the MHT to achieve leader-follower formation control. In addition to performing wheeled locomotion to follow the leader, the MHT is capable of using its legs to reconfigure its posture. Thus, moving beyond standard implementations, the leader-follower control strategy presented in this paper is combined with a velocity-based inverse kinematics controller developed in previous work to control the posture of the MHT during leader-follower maneuvers. The results of the leader-follower scenarios implemented in simulation and on the physical MHT demonstrate the robot's ability to execute leader-follower formation control and posture control simultaneously, adding to the versatility of the vehicle to negotiate uneven terrains.
本文介绍了由加拿大国防研究与发展-萨菲尔德研究中心设计的滑转向轮腿机器人微液压工具包(MHT)的一种领导-跟随控制器。管制员的目标是操纵MHT相对于指定的领导者向期望的位置移动。leader-follower控制器利用机器人leader的距离和方位,计算出MHT的期望轮速,实现leader-follower的编队控制。除了进行轮式运动来跟随领导者,MHT还能够使用它的腿来重新配置它的姿势。因此,超越标准实现,本文提出的领导者-追随者控制策略与先前工作中开发的基于速度的逆运动学控制器相结合,以控制领导者-追随者机动期间MHT的姿态。在模拟和物理MHT上实施的领导者-追随者场景的结果表明,机器人能够同时执行领导者-追随者编队控制和姿态控制,增加了车辆在不平坦地形上的多功能性。
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引用次数: 4
Exact kinematics for pitch motion and yaw motion of five degrees of freedom surgical robot 五自由度手术机器人俯仰运动和偏航运动的精确运动学
Pub Date : 2016-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2016.7496394
T. Matsunaga, K. Ohnishi
This paper presents a exact kinematics of the five degrees of freedom (DoF) surgical robot derived by the geometrical relation of the structure. In laparoscopic surgery, there are some advantages for patients because incision on abdominal wall is small. However, laparoscopic surgery is difficult for surgeons. Therefore, surgical robots with have been studied and developed to support surgeons. Conventional surgical robots have high position accuracy to realize delicate tasks. On the other hand, the transmission of force sensation is inadequate. Force sensation is important information for safer operation. Therefore, a five DoF haptic surgical robot is developed to transmit force sensation to the operator. The mechanism of five DoF surgical robot is suitable for implementing four-channel bilateral control which is one of the methods to transmit force sensation. Particularly, link mechanisms convert the motion of actuators into pitch motion and yaw motion of the end-effector. To control pitch motion and yaw motion precisely, the kinematics of the five DoF surgical robot is necessary. Besides, there is geometrical interference between pitch angle and yaw angle. In this paper, the exact kinematics for the pitch motion and yaw motion is derived. The validity of the kinematics is verified by step response. Then, the performance of four-channel bilateral control with the exact kinematics is verified by the experiments.
本文从结构的几何关系出发,推导了五自由度手术机器人的精确运动学。在腹腔镜手术中,由于腹壁切口小,对患者有一定的优势。然而,腹腔镜手术对外科医生来说是困难的。因此,手术机器人已经被研究和开发,以支持外科医生。传统的手术机器人具有较高的定位精度,可以完成复杂的任务。另一方面,力感传递不足。力感是安全操作的重要信息。为此,研制了一种五自由度触觉手术机器人,将力感传递给操作者。五自由度手术机器人的机构适合实现四通道双侧控制,这是力感传递的方法之一。具体来说,连杆机构将执行器的运动转化为末端执行器的俯仰运动和偏航运动。为了精确控制手术机器人的俯仰运动和偏航运动,需要对五自由度手术机器人进行运动学分析。此外,俯仰角和偏航角之间存在几何干涉。本文推导了俯仰运动和偏航运动的精确运动学。通过阶跃响应验证了运动学的有效性。然后,通过实验验证了四通道双边控制的精确运动学性能。
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引用次数: 0
Calibration of iRobot create using UMBmark 使用ummark对iRobot进行校准
Pub Date : 2016-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2016.7496334
Yu Dang, Hong Wang, Weiliang Xu
The article deals with the calibration and simulation of the odometry based on iRobot Create. The mathematical model of robot was built and analysed. In order to calibrate the odometry and modify the parameter in the programme, we carried out UMBmark test. The accumulation of errors was simulated through Kalman filter theory.
本文介绍了基于iRobot Create的里程计标定与仿真。建立了机器人的数学模型并进行了分析。为了校准里程表和修改程序中的参数,我们进行了UMBmark测试。利用卡尔曼滤波理论模拟了误差的累积过程。
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引用次数: 0
Development of meal assistance device for patients with spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤患者膳食辅助装置的研制
Pub Date : 2016-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2016.7496381
T. Nozaki, T. Murakami, T. Shimono, K. Ohnishi, R. Oboe
The objective of this research is to develop a meal assistance device for patients, who lost the ability to move their own body except for the head and the neck due to disease, accidents, congenital factors, and aging. Main problems of existing conventional devices are “cost”, “size”, “complexity”, “appearance”, and “feeling of alive”. This paper tackles the above problems and explains structure of the developed device for meal assistance. The newly developed meal assistance device was made by 3D printers for cheap price and customizable. The developed assistance device has two degrees of freedom; translational motion for stab and rotational motion for bringing. In addition, the developed meal assistance device adopted a strategy of polar coordinate-based manual operation, which allows users to operate intuitively. The appearance of the developed device is not heavy compared with the conventional devices shaped like industrial robotic manipulators. Above mentioned features are important and gives competitive power especially in the medical care field requiring adaptation to individual demand. The developed meal assistance device succeeded to serve a meal toward the user's mouth in an experimental verification of a practical use.
本研究的目的是为因疾病、意外事故、先天因素、衰老等原因而失去除头部和颈部以外的身体活动能力的患者开发一种辅助进食装置。现有的传统设备存在的主要问题是“成本”、“尺寸”、“复杂性”、“外观”和“活感”。本文针对上述问题,阐述了所研制的助餐装置的结构。新开发的助餐装置采用3D打印机制作,价格便宜,可定制。所研制的辅助装置具有两个自由度;刺的平移运动和刺的旋转运动。此外,所开发的助餐装置采用了基于极坐标的手动操作策略,用户操作更加直观。与传统的工业机器人机械手相比,所研制的装置的外观并不笨重。以上特点是重要的,特别是在需要适应个人需求的医疗领域,具有很强的竞争力。所开发的助餐装置在实际使用的实验验证中成功地将饭菜送达用户的口腔。
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引用次数: 5
Design method of I-PD force control system based on instantaneous state observer for industrial robot 基于瞬时状态观测器的工业机器人I-PD力控制系统设计方法
Pub Date : 2016-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2016.7496333
Akinori Yabuki, K. Ohishi, T. Miyazaki, Y. Yokokura
To achieve force control of an industrial robot, this paper proposes an I-PD force control system based on an instantaneous state observer. The structure of the proposed system is based on a resonance ratio control system and a feedback signal of the reaction force response. In this paper, the gain of a pseudo derivation is designed as the feedback gain. From the results of the designed gains, the feedback gain Kf is a negative value. Hence, the resonance ratio control system becomes equivalent to a state feedback. For the stability of the proposed I-PD force control system based on the acceleration control system and a state feedback, a new analysis method is required. This paper analyzes an open-loop of the proposed system considering the bandwidth of the observer. The results of an analysis show that an observer with a wide bandwidth is required. Therefore, the parameters of proposed system using the instantaneous state observer are designed based on the coefficient diagram method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by performing numerical simulations based on the model of an industrial robot arm. The results show that the proposed method is effective for the stable force control of an industrial robot arm.
为了实现工业机器人的力控制,提出了一种基于瞬时状态观测器的I-PD力控制系统。所提出的系统结构是基于共振比控制系统和反作用力响应的反馈信号。本文将伪导数的增益设计为反馈增益。从设计增益的结果来看,反馈增益Kf为负值。因此,谐振比控制系统等效于一个状态反馈。为了保证基于加速度控制系统和状态反馈的I-PD力控制系统的稳定性,需要一种新的分析方法。考虑观测器的带宽,分析了该系统的开环特性。分析结果表明,需要一个具有较宽带宽的观测器。因此,基于系数图法设计了基于瞬时状态观测器的系统参数。基于工业机械臂模型的数值仿真验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明,该方法对工业机械臂的稳定力控制是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-level motor drives to eliminate torque ripple with adaptive dead-time compensation 多级电机驱动消除转矩脉动与自适应死区补偿
Pub Date : 2016-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2016.7496362
Shuhei Shimmyo, K. Yuuki, K. Ohnishi
This paper discusses multi-level motor drives to suppress torque ripples of brushless DC motors (BLDC) with an adaptive dead-time compensation. Traditionally, BLDCs are widely driven by two-level inverters, and they are driven by the pulse-width modulation (PWM). Although high switching frequencies can reduce current ripples by the switching, voltage errors caused by dead-times become large; there are trade-off relationships. In our previous study, it was revealed that multi-level inverters could reduce distortions of torques at optimal frequencies. In addition, voltage errors caused by dead-times can be compensated by using a feedforward compensation or a disturbance observer (DOB). Since modeling errors are remained even if designers manage to tune parameters, perfect compensations are difficult in feedforward compensations. In disturbance observers, although offset values of voltage errors can be compensated perfectly, it is impossible to compensate 6k-th order components. In this paper, an adaptive dead-time compensation is applied for multi-level inverters. Here, a value of a voltage error is estimated by using an observer, and it is used to calculate an adaptive feedforward value. The validity of proposed system is confirmed by simulation and experiments.
本文讨论了采用自适应死区补偿的多级电机驱动抑制无刷直流电动机转矩波动的方法。传统上,无刷直流控制系统广泛采用双电平逆变器驱动,并且采用脉宽调制(PWM)驱动。高开关频率虽然可以通过开关减小电流纹波,但死区时间引起的电压误差变大;这是一种权衡关系。在我们之前的研究中,揭示了多级逆变器可以减少扭矩在最佳频率下的畸变。此外,由死区时间引起的电压误差可以通过前馈补偿或扰动观测器(DOB)来补偿。由于建模误差仍然存在,即使设计师设法调整参数,完美的补偿是困难的前馈补偿。在扰动观测器中,电压误差的偏置值虽然可以完美补偿,但不可能补偿6k阶分量。本文将自适应死区补偿方法应用于多电平逆变器。在这里,使用观测器估计电压误差的值,并使用它来计算自适应前馈值。仿真和实验验证了系统的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
Transparency-optimized bilateral teleoperation based on acceleration control in the presence of time delay 时滞下基于加速度控制的透明优化双边遥操作
Pub Date : 2016-04-22 DOI: 10.1109/AMC.2016.7496342
H. Sakai, K. Ohnishi
This paper proposes a novel control architecture for bilateral teleoperation with time delay. The proposed bilateral teleoperation system has transparency under the presence of time delay. The conventional bilateral teleoperation system cannot have transparency under time delay because the control goals are not clear and inappropriate in the presence of time delay. The proposed method utilizes the position information and the force information of both the master and the slave, and also uses the round trip position and force information. In the proposed method, there are two kinds of structure. The one is Position-Force architecture (P-F architecture), and the other is Force-Position architecture (F-P architecture). These methods achieve a high level of transparency but poorer stability than conventional methods. Therefore, this paper introduces the damping injection, which is famous stabilizing method, into the system to stabilize the system, and analyzes the stability condition of the proposed method without/with damping. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated experimentally.
本文提出了一种新的具有时滞的双边遥操作控制体系结构。所提出的双边遥操作系统在存在时滞的情况下具有透明性。传统的双边遥操作系统在时滞条件下由于控制目标不明确、不合适而无法实现透明性。该方法既利用了主从机器人的位置信息和力信息,又利用了往返位置和力信息。在提出的方法中,有两种结构。一种是位置-力结构(Position-Force architecture, P-F),另一种是力-位结构(Force-Position architecture, F-P)。这些方法实现了高水平的透明度,但稳定性比传统方法差。因此,本文将著名的稳定方法阻尼注入引入系统中,对系统进行稳定,并分析了该方法在无阻尼和有阻尼情况下的稳定性条件。实验验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2016 IEEE 14th International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control (AMC)
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