Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813845
Avneet Kumar, Xuewei Pan, A. R. Beig, Guangcheng Ye, Lingling Cao, Xiaogang Xiong
The low voltage DC source such as PV/Battery/Fuel-Cell/Ultra-Capacitor system requires high voltage gain DC-DC converter for integrating it with the high voltage load side such as hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). A single switched impedance network (SSIN) is reported most recently to reduce the inductor current stress but the stress across the other components can be further reduced. In this paper, an improved DC-DC converters is reported by adding the additional switched capacitor structure to minimize the voltage stress. The operating characteristics, steady-state analysis and comparative analysis with SSIN are discussed. The proposed converter is operated for 325 W output power rating and tested for providing twelve times voltage gain. The efficiency of the proposed converter is also reported for different output power ratings which are in the range 91.5%-93.41%.
{"title":"A Dual Switched Capacitor and Single Switch High Voltage Gain DC-DC Converter","authors":"Avneet Kumar, Xuewei Pan, A. R. Beig, Guangcheng Ye, Lingling Cao, Xiaogang Xiong","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813845","url":null,"abstract":"The low voltage DC source such as PV/Battery/Fuel-Cell/Ultra-Capacitor system requires high voltage gain DC-DC converter for integrating it with the high voltage load side such as hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). A single switched impedance network (SSIN) is reported most recently to reduce the inductor current stress but the stress across the other components can be further reduced. In this paper, an improved DC-DC converters is reported by adding the additional switched capacitor structure to minimize the voltage stress. The operating characteristics, steady-state analysis and comparative analysis with SSIN are discussed. The proposed converter is operated for 325 W output power rating and tested for providing twelve times voltage gain. The efficiency of the proposed converter is also reported for different output power ratings which are in the range 91.5%-93.41%.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116852130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813758
M. Elamin, P. Wendling
Rotor step skewing is one of the widespread techniques to mitigate cogging torque and reduce torque ripple on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This technique also changes the distribution of the electromagnetic forces on the stator, which will impact the noise emitted from the motor. The prementioned effect haven’t been studied a lot in the literature with the majority focusing only on the torque ripple effect. This paper introduces the application of a multi-physics workflow to analyze the impact of different types of rotor step skewing on a selected PMSM motor for EVs application and compare the results with baseline motor. At first, electromagnetic finite element (FE) model will be used to extract and analyze the excitation on the stator teeth. Then, the computed forces will be applied to mechanical FE model to predict the radiated noise from the motor housing at different speed. The paper also proposes a novel method to use a two-dimensional FE model to compute the electromagnetic forces, instead of otherwise necessary 3D dimensional analysis.
{"title":"NVH Analysis of Rotor Step Skewing on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor","authors":"M. Elamin, P. Wendling","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813758","url":null,"abstract":"Rotor step skewing is one of the widespread techniques to mitigate cogging torque and reduce torque ripple on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This technique also changes the distribution of the electromagnetic forces on the stator, which will impact the noise emitted from the motor. The prementioned effect haven’t been studied a lot in the literature with the majority focusing only on the torque ripple effect. This paper introduces the application of a multi-physics workflow to analyze the impact of different types of rotor step skewing on a selected PMSM motor for EVs application and compare the results with baseline motor. At first, electromagnetic finite element (FE) model will be used to extract and analyze the excitation on the stator teeth. Then, the computed forces will be applied to mechanical FE model to predict the radiated noise from the motor housing at different speed. The paper also proposes a novel method to use a two-dimensional FE model to compute the electromagnetic forces, instead of otherwise necessary 3D dimensional analysis.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129458489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/itec53557.2022.9813749
Petter S. Sletten, M. Zadeh
Marine hybrid power systems fed by so-called "alternative fuels" are key enablers to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ship propulsion and reaching international targets, particularly for large vessels. In this paper, a few scenarios of green propulsion are studied based on low-emission energy carriers, marine batteries, and all-electric power architecture. A cost model is proposed to optimise the power system via minimising the fuel consumption and hence, the operational expenses (OPEX). The proposed cost model includes the different types of fuels and a battery cycling and battery energy dissipation term. The result is an optimal energy management system (EMS) based on mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation that is tuned for alternative fuel. The optimised EMS is tested on a commercial LNG vessel, and it enables a more stable use of generators. However, as the paper reveals, optimised control strategies will not yield practical results in reaching international emission targets. Hence, alternative fuels will be pivotal in reducing emissions from shipping.
{"title":"Comparative study of energy efficiency and cost optimization in low-emission marine power systems with alternative fuels","authors":"Petter S. Sletten, M. Zadeh","doi":"10.1109/itec53557.2022.9813749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itec53557.2022.9813749","url":null,"abstract":"Marine hybrid power systems fed by so-called \"alternative fuels\" are key enablers to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ship propulsion and reaching international targets, particularly for large vessels. In this paper, a few scenarios of green propulsion are studied based on low-emission energy carriers, marine batteries, and all-electric power architecture. A cost model is proposed to optimise the power system via minimising the fuel consumption and hence, the operational expenses (OPEX). The proposed cost model includes the different types of fuels and a battery cycling and battery energy dissipation term. The result is an optimal energy management system (EMS) based on mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation that is tuned for alternative fuel. The optimised EMS is tested on a commercial LNG vessel, and it enables a more stable use of generators. However, as the paper reveals, optimised control strategies will not yield practical results in reaching international emission targets. Hence, alternative fuels will be pivotal in reducing emissions from shipping.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130379709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814018
K. Lin, Xiwen Xu, Tiefu Zhao, Shen-En Chen, N. Braxtan, D. Cook, D. Ward
In this paper, a proposed shielding design for the Inductive power transfer (IPT) system for railway applications to reduce the electromagnetic field leakage between the transmitter and the receiver coils is presented. For high power applications, a strong magnetic field generates through a large air gap, resulting in human body health and safety problems. To satisfy standard requirements, the reference level set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), a shielding design is proposed to limit EMF emission. To demonstrate the effect of the coil structure with a conductive material and different geometry of the shielding design, the distribution of the magnetic field density is simulated by using Ansys Maxwell. Results show that the proposed design considerably reduces the leakage magnetic field density around the IPT system and complies with the ICNIRP standard at a certain distance. Based on the analysis and results, the IPT system has been shielded with an aluminum plate horizontally with the appropriate size on the receiver side. A 5-kW IPT system is developed in this paper, with a novel W-I coupler design according to the constraints on locomotives. The prototype of the IPT system is developed to validate the proposed design, with an air gap of 5 inches and an 85kHz operating frequency [1].
{"title":"Passive Shielding Design of an Inductive Power Transfer System for Railway Applications","authors":"K. Lin, Xiwen Xu, Tiefu Zhao, Shen-En Chen, N. Braxtan, D. Cook, D. Ward","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814018","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a proposed shielding design for the Inductive power transfer (IPT) system for railway applications to reduce the electromagnetic field leakage between the transmitter and the receiver coils is presented. For high power applications, a strong magnetic field generates through a large air gap, resulting in human body health and safety problems. To satisfy standard requirements, the reference level set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), a shielding design is proposed to limit EMF emission. To demonstrate the effect of the coil structure with a conductive material and different geometry of the shielding design, the distribution of the magnetic field density is simulated by using Ansys Maxwell. Results show that the proposed design considerably reduces the leakage magnetic field density around the IPT system and complies with the ICNIRP standard at a certain distance. Based on the analysis and results, the IPT system has been shielded with an aluminum plate horizontally with the appropriate size on the receiver side. A 5-kW IPT system is developed in this paper, with a novel W-I coupler design according to the constraints on locomotives. The prototype of the IPT system is developed to validate the proposed design, with an air gap of 5 inches and an 85kHz operating frequency [1].","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126815778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813853
Namireddy Praveen Reddy, Yuxuan Cai, R. Skjetne, Dimitrios Papageorgiou
Safe and optimal operation of battery energy storage systems requires correct measurement of voltage, current, and temperature. Therefore, fast and correct detection of sensor faults is of great importance. In this paper, model-based and non-model-based voltage sensor fault detection methods are developed for a comprehensive comparison. The residual is generated from the difference of measured voltage and estimated voltage. In the model-based method, the voltage is estimated using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). In the non-model-based method, the voltage is predicted using a recurrent neural network (RNN) with long short-term memory (LSTM). For both methods, a scalar generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) detector is developed to detect changes in the sequence of residual signal data and compared with a systematically computed threshold. The parameters threshold (h) and window-size (M) used in the GLR detector, are computed based on the probability of false alarm (Pf ) and probability of correct detection (Pd). The GLR detector demonstrates the ability to effectively detect the voltage sensor fault with a maximum delay of 500 ms for the model-based residual and 200 ms for the non-model-based method.
{"title":"Voltage Sensor Fault Detection in Li-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems","authors":"Namireddy Praveen Reddy, Yuxuan Cai, R. Skjetne, Dimitrios Papageorgiou","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813853","url":null,"abstract":"Safe and optimal operation of battery energy storage systems requires correct measurement of voltage, current, and temperature. Therefore, fast and correct detection of sensor faults is of great importance. In this paper, model-based and non-model-based voltage sensor fault detection methods are developed for a comprehensive comparison. The residual is generated from the difference of measured voltage and estimated voltage. In the model-based method, the voltage is estimated using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). In the non-model-based method, the voltage is predicted using a recurrent neural network (RNN) with long short-term memory (LSTM). For both methods, a scalar generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) detector is developed to detect changes in the sequence of residual signal data and compared with a systematically computed threshold. The parameters threshold (h) and window-size (M) used in the GLR detector, are computed based on the probability of false alarm (Pf ) and probability of correct detection (Pd). The GLR detector demonstrates the ability to effectively detect the voltage sensor fault with a maximum delay of 500 ms for the model-based residual and 200 ms for the non-model-based method.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127038403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813809
Danial Sadeghpour, J. Bauman
Electric vehicles with on-board solar generation can offer extended driving range and lower grid charging needs than their standard electric vehicle counterparts. The main power electronic challenge in solar-charged electric vehicles (SEVs) is efficiently boosting the low solar voltage to the much higher traction battery voltage. This paper proposes a novel integrated electric architecture for SEVs which relies on a flying capacitor topology for both battery charging and driving the motor. The onboard solar energy is used to solve the common problem of balancing the flying capacitors, which at the same time helps the solar voltage boost problem since the solar power no longer needs to be boosted to the full battery voltage. Simulation results are presented for a 2.2 kW charging system with 150 V rms input voltage and maximum of 600 W available solar power. The current THD reduces from 1.37% to 0.36% when the PV structure integrates with the flying capacitor topology.
{"title":"Novel Integrated Electrical Architecture for Solar-Charged Electric Vehicles","authors":"Danial Sadeghpour, J. Bauman","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813809","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles with on-board solar generation can offer extended driving range and lower grid charging needs than their standard electric vehicle counterparts. The main power electronic challenge in solar-charged electric vehicles (SEVs) is efficiently boosting the low solar voltage to the much higher traction battery voltage. This paper proposes a novel integrated electric architecture for SEVs which relies on a flying capacitor topology for both battery charging and driving the motor. The onboard solar energy is used to solve the common problem of balancing the flying capacitors, which at the same time helps the solar voltage boost problem since the solar power no longer needs to be boosted to the full battery voltage. Simulation results are presented for a 2.2 kW charging system with 150 V rms input voltage and maximum of 600 W available solar power. The current THD reduces from 1.37% to 0.36% when the PV structure integrates with the flying capacitor topology.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114341997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/itec53557.2022.9813921
Laurenz Tippe, Michael Schmid, Joachim Fröschl, H. Herzog
The development of autonomous driving poses several new challenges for future automotive power nets. In addition to the rising power requirements of the electrical components necessary for autonomous driving, it is essential to provide a reliable supply of electrical energy at all times. In addition to the conventional supply at a voltage level of 12 V, an increasing number of consumers are migrating to a 48 V level. Nevertheless, safety-critical consumers at both voltage levels must be reliably supplied even in the event of a fault. The presented Dual Input Single Output Converter enables the power supply to be maintained and a secured output voltage to be provided even in the event of a supply line failure. For this purpose, the DISOC is connected to two arbitrary feed points. In the example shown here, it is integrated in a ring-structured power net and feeds safety-relevant 12 V consumers by two redundant 48 V supply lines. In addition, the DISOC features an Active Variable Load Distribution, distributing the power it receives from the two feeding points in a variable ratio, thus enabling advanced multi-domain management strategies e.g. stabilizing the power net. In the following, the topology and its working principle are presented and substantiated by simulations and measurements.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Novel Dual Input Single Output Converter for Automotive Applications and Autonomous Driving","authors":"Laurenz Tippe, Michael Schmid, Joachim Fröschl, H. Herzog","doi":"10.1109/itec53557.2022.9813921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itec53557.2022.9813921","url":null,"abstract":"The development of autonomous driving poses several new challenges for future automotive power nets. In addition to the rising power requirements of the electrical components necessary for autonomous driving, it is essential to provide a reliable supply of electrical energy at all times. In addition to the conventional supply at a voltage level of 12 V, an increasing number of consumers are migrating to a 48 V level. Nevertheless, safety-critical consumers at both voltage levels must be reliably supplied even in the event of a fault. The presented Dual Input Single Output Converter enables the power supply to be maintained and a secured output voltage to be provided even in the event of a supply line failure. For this purpose, the DISOC is connected to two arbitrary feed points. In the example shown here, it is integrated in a ring-structured power net and feeds safety-relevant 12 V consumers by two redundant 48 V supply lines. In addition, the DISOC features an Active Variable Load Distribution, distributing the power it receives from the two feeding points in a variable ratio, thus enabling advanced multi-domain management strategies e.g. stabilizing the power net. In the following, the topology and its working principle are presented and substantiated by simulations and measurements.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121586304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813830
Phuong-Ha La, Sungjin Choi
Cell inconsistency is a big challenge for electric vehicles (EV) and energy storage systems (ESS), where large number of battery cells are connected in series. For the purpose of active balancing, switched-passive-network equalizers such as switched-inductor (SI-E), switched-capacitor (SC-E), and switched-resonance (SR-E) equalizers are more promising. During the equalizer development, simulation is the first approach to design the circuit topology. However, the traditional simulation method only can assess the equalizer performance in a short operation-time due to the PC’s memory limitation. This paper proposes a unified average model of the switched-passive-network equalizers to assess the long-term performance of the equalizers. The unified average models are implemented by PSIM, and the results are compared with the waveforms by a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time simulation system. It is observed that a high similarity exists between the average simulation and the switching simulation, but the execution-speed becomes faster in the proposed method. Besides, it is also proved that energy loss during the equalization process can be assessed by the average model.
{"title":"Unified Average Model of Switched-Passive-Network Equalizer for Performance Assessment in Long-term Simulations","authors":"Phuong-Ha La, Sungjin Choi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813830","url":null,"abstract":"Cell inconsistency is a big challenge for electric vehicles (EV) and energy storage systems (ESS), where large number of battery cells are connected in series. For the purpose of active balancing, switched-passive-network equalizers such as switched-inductor (SI-E), switched-capacitor (SC-E), and switched-resonance (SR-E) equalizers are more promising. During the equalizer development, simulation is the first approach to design the circuit topology. However, the traditional simulation method only can assess the equalizer performance in a short operation-time due to the PC’s memory limitation. This paper proposes a unified average model of the switched-passive-network equalizers to assess the long-term performance of the equalizers. The unified average models are implemented by PSIM, and the results are compared with the waveforms by a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time simulation system. It is observed that a high similarity exists between the average simulation and the switching simulation, but the execution-speed becomes faster in the proposed method. Besides, it is also proved that energy loss during the equalization process can be assessed by the average model.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127740975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813916
M. Mohammadi, S. Heydari, P. Fajri, Farshad Harirchi, Zonggen Yi
This paper focuses on finding an optimal energy-aware speed trajectory of an Autonomous Electric Vehicle (AEV) considering regenerative braking capability and its limitations. A position-based Electric Vehicle (EV) energy consumption model is used to emulate vehicle-road operating conditions. It is assumed that the EV is driven in an urban area where the route is only constrained by maximum speed limits and traffic signs. The eco-driving problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem and is solved for two different case studies to demonstrate the importance of considering regenerative braking in identifying optimal speed trajectory of AEVs. The MILP problem is coded in Python and CPLEX is used as a solver for the optimization problem. The results show a variation in the optimal speed trajectories and confirm that when regenerative braking limitations are considered in the calculations leading to an energy-aware speed trajectory, energy consumption can be reduced. This study sets forth a framework for optimizing the braking profile of an AEV by realistically taking into account the vehicle’s regenerative braking limitations which ultimately yields an optimal speed trajectory.
{"title":"Energy-Aware Driving Profile of Autonomous Electric Vehicles Considering Regenerative Braking Limitations","authors":"M. Mohammadi, S. Heydari, P. Fajri, Farshad Harirchi, Zonggen Yi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813916","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on finding an optimal energy-aware speed trajectory of an Autonomous Electric Vehicle (AEV) considering regenerative braking capability and its limitations. A position-based Electric Vehicle (EV) energy consumption model is used to emulate vehicle-road operating conditions. It is assumed that the EV is driven in an urban area where the route is only constrained by maximum speed limits and traffic signs. The eco-driving problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem and is solved for two different case studies to demonstrate the importance of considering regenerative braking in identifying optimal speed trajectory of AEVs. The MILP problem is coded in Python and CPLEX is used as a solver for the optimization problem. The results show a variation in the optimal speed trajectories and confirm that when regenerative braking limitations are considered in the calculations leading to an energy-aware speed trajectory, energy consumption can be reduced. This study sets forth a framework for optimizing the braking profile of an AEV by realistically taking into account the vehicle’s regenerative braking limitations which ultimately yields an optimal speed trajectory.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127744261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813792
Naser Pour Aryan, B. Vogler, Andreas Scheler
A novel model for predicting the bootstrap voltage in the dynamic operation of a three-phase MOSFET power inverter system driving an electric motor is presented. The model takes into account the bootstrap supply level, the parameters of inverter’s N-channel MOSFETs, the switches’ duty cycle at the corresponding modulation indexes, the power factor (cos(ϕ)), motor’s rpm and other details to accurately predict the boundaries of permissible AC frequencies and modulation indexes. It is based on both mathematical theorems and test results. The model was implemented and successfully tested in software running in the field on inverter/motor combinations on forklift trucks and other electric vehicles.
{"title":"A Novel Approach to Dynamic Control of a Three-Phase MOSFET Power Inverter, Based on Bootstrap Constraints","authors":"Naser Pour Aryan, B. Vogler, Andreas Scheler","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813792","url":null,"abstract":"A novel model for predicting the bootstrap voltage in the dynamic operation of a three-phase MOSFET power inverter system driving an electric motor is presented. The model takes into account the bootstrap supply level, the parameters of inverter’s N-channel MOSFETs, the switches’ duty cycle at the corresponding modulation indexes, the power factor (cos(ϕ)), motor’s rpm and other details to accurately predict the boundaries of permissible AC frequencies and modulation indexes. It is based on both mathematical theorems and test results. The model was implemented and successfully tested in software running in the field on inverter/motor combinations on forklift trucks and other electric vehicles.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126319399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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