Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813759
Nisarg Dave, Xuebei Zhang, Zeyuan Xu, D. Gerada, He Zhang, Jing Li, G. Vakil, C. Gerada
Developments in magnets and rechargeable batteries have pushed transportation electrification to a higher pace over the last couple of years. In the past one-decade enormous interest has been seen in the eVTOL aircraft market, from tiny toy drones to scaled-up personal eVTOL aircraft. Many companies are showcasing the prototypes of private electric aeroplanes and flying taxis. However, at this stage, it is also essential to keep carbon emission and efficiency of the electric machine as a weighted objective to achieve sustainable development. This paper presents a model for calculating the carbon emission and efficiency of the slotted and slotless machine used for the eVTOL Application, compares the results, and discusses the trade-off analysis for both machines. Moreover, it further identifies and suggests ways to achieve sustainability.
{"title":"Carbon Emission Comparison of Slotted and Slotless Motors for eVTOL Application","authors":"Nisarg Dave, Xuebei Zhang, Zeyuan Xu, D. Gerada, He Zhang, Jing Li, G. Vakil, C. Gerada","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813759","url":null,"abstract":"Developments in magnets and rechargeable batteries have pushed transportation electrification to a higher pace over the last couple of years. In the past one-decade enormous interest has been seen in the eVTOL aircraft market, from tiny toy drones to scaled-up personal eVTOL aircraft. Many companies are showcasing the prototypes of private electric aeroplanes and flying taxis. However, at this stage, it is also essential to keep carbon emission and efficiency of the electric machine as a weighted objective to achieve sustainable development. This paper presents a model for calculating the carbon emission and efficiency of the slotted and slotless machine used for the eVTOL Application, compares the results, and discusses the trade-off analysis for both machines. Moreover, it further identifies and suggests ways to achieve sustainability.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116955904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814013
Kang-Ju Lee, Mostafa Fereydoonian, Mikayla Benson, Woongkul Lee
High-efficiency and high specific power density electric propulsion system is a key enabling technology for a direct emission-free electric aircraft and urban air mobility. Increasing the overall voltage of the power conversion system and switching frequency is the most effective way of boosting efficiency while reducing system mass by quadratically reducing the system joule losses and the size of passive components. However, the high voltage and high-frequency system impose serious risks of partial discharge (PD) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise through degraded insulations and capacitive leakage current paths. Under repetitive voltage pulses with a high slew rate (i.e., wide bandgap-based drives with high switching speed), these high-frequency electromagnetic phenomena coincide during the switching transition, making it difficult to measure, analyze, and detect. This paper provides a comprehensive study of PD and EMI in high-frequency and high-speed WBG-based electric propulsion systems under repetitive voltage pulse with a high slew rate. This paper also investigates the common-mode EMI noise spectrum considering a high-frequency electric machine as well as PD models to identify the correlation between EMI and PD phenomena in AC machine drives. The correlation between EMI and PD was validated via experiment.
{"title":"Partial Discharge and Electromagnetic Interference Under Repetitive Voltage Pulses with High Slew Rate in AC Machine Drives","authors":"Kang-Ju Lee, Mostafa Fereydoonian, Mikayla Benson, Woongkul Lee","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814013","url":null,"abstract":"High-efficiency and high specific power density electric propulsion system is a key enabling technology for a direct emission-free electric aircraft and urban air mobility. Increasing the overall voltage of the power conversion system and switching frequency is the most effective way of boosting efficiency while reducing system mass by quadratically reducing the system joule losses and the size of passive components. However, the high voltage and high-frequency system impose serious risks of partial discharge (PD) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise through degraded insulations and capacitive leakage current paths. Under repetitive voltage pulses with a high slew rate (i.e., wide bandgap-based drives with high switching speed), these high-frequency electromagnetic phenomena coincide during the switching transition, making it difficult to measure, analyze, and detect. This paper provides a comprehensive study of PD and EMI in high-frequency and high-speed WBG-based electric propulsion systems under repetitive voltage pulse with a high slew rate. This paper also investigates the common-mode EMI noise spectrum considering a high-frequency electric machine as well as PD models to identify the correlation between EMI and PD phenomena in AC machine drives. The correlation between EMI and PD was validated via experiment.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116968074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813943
Jonathan M. Taylor, M. T. Fard, Jiangbiao He
When considering the mission profile of an electric aircraft power inverter, two main operating modes are of more interest. When the aircraft is climbing, 100% power output is typically demanded for a short time duration. The second operating mode of interest is cruise mode where much lower output power (e.g., 30% of rated power) is generally demanded for most of the flight time. High efficiency during the cruise mode is preferred to achieve longer flight range, while high reliability is also critical for such applications. In this paper, an advanced 3-phase 4-leg T-type inverter topology is developed, which provides the peak power during the climbing mode and high efficiency at the cruising mode, in addition to fault-tolerant capability to semiconductor switching faults. Specifically, this paper focuses on current-sharing operation during the climbing mode to provide the peak power and soft-switching at the cruising mode to achieve high efficiency, in which the redundant leg is leveraged when there are no switching faults. Simulation results are presented to confirm the inverter performance for electric aircraft application considering its specific mission profile. Current-sharing is applied during climbing conditions to reduce thermal stress on the outer IGBTs of the main phase legs by 5% of the junction temperature. Soft-switching is enabled in cruise mode to reduce switching losses of the inverter by 41.1% compared to that in a conventional T-type inverter.
{"title":"A Multifunctional T-Type 4-Leg Inverter for Various Operation Modes of Electric Aircraft Propulsion","authors":"Jonathan M. Taylor, M. T. Fard, Jiangbiao He","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813943","url":null,"abstract":"When considering the mission profile of an electric aircraft power inverter, two main operating modes are of more interest. When the aircraft is climbing, 100% power output is typically demanded for a short time duration. The second operating mode of interest is cruise mode where much lower output power (e.g., 30% of rated power) is generally demanded for most of the flight time. High efficiency during the cruise mode is preferred to achieve longer flight range, while high reliability is also critical for such applications. In this paper, an advanced 3-phase 4-leg T-type inverter topology is developed, which provides the peak power during the climbing mode and high efficiency at the cruising mode, in addition to fault-tolerant capability to semiconductor switching faults. Specifically, this paper focuses on current-sharing operation during the climbing mode to provide the peak power and soft-switching at the cruising mode to achieve high efficiency, in which the redundant leg is leveraged when there are no switching faults. Simulation results are presented to confirm the inverter performance for electric aircraft application considering its specific mission profile. Current-sharing is applied during climbing conditions to reduce thermal stress on the outer IGBTs of the main phase legs by 5% of the junction temperature. Soft-switching is enabled in cruise mode to reduce switching losses of the inverter by 41.1% compared to that in a conventional T-type inverter.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"36 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123713621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814023
Xiaofeng Yang, Zhongbao Wei, Liang Du
Fast charging of lithium-ion battery (LIB) is an enabling technique for the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs). However, utmost pursuit of the charging rapidity can violate the physical limits of LIB, and induces irreversible degradation or even hazardous safety issues. Motivated by this, this paper proposes an electrochemical-aware constant overpotential fast charging strategy to mitigate the lithium plating in LIB during high-rate charging. In particular, an electrochemical model is built to keep awareness of the inner physical statues of LIB. Following this endeavour, a state-of-the-art twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm is exploited to determine the fast charging strategy, which can accelerate the charging while constrain the side reaction overpotential within a safe range. Results reveal that the proposed strategy outperforms the traditional constant-current-constant-voltage (CCCV) charging protocols in terms of the charging speed and lithium plating suppression.
{"title":"Constant Overpotential Fast Charging for Lithium-Ion Battery with Twin Delayed DDPG Algorithm","authors":"Xiaofeng Yang, Zhongbao Wei, Liang Du","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814023","url":null,"abstract":"Fast charging of lithium-ion battery (LIB) is an enabling technique for the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs). However, utmost pursuit of the charging rapidity can violate the physical limits of LIB, and induces irreversible degradation or even hazardous safety issues. Motivated by this, this paper proposes an electrochemical-aware constant overpotential fast charging strategy to mitigate the lithium plating in LIB during high-rate charging. In particular, an electrochemical model is built to keep awareness of the inner physical statues of LIB. Following this endeavour, a state-of-the-art twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm is exploited to determine the fast charging strategy, which can accelerate the charging while constrain the side reaction overpotential within a safe range. Results reveal that the proposed strategy outperforms the traditional constant-current-constant-voltage (CCCV) charging protocols in terms of the charging speed and lithium plating suppression.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121937745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813931
M. Muteba, Shanelle N. Foster
This paper proposes a dual-stator five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with hybrid spoke-vernier type rotor for electric vehicles (EVs) traction applications. The proposed machine can achieve high torque density, high-power factor, and wide speed range operation with a hybrid spoke-vernier type PM rotor. The first design (Initial Design) consists of an outer stator having twenty slots that carry a four-pole, five-phase concentrated winding with an inner spoke-type PM rotor supported by a magnetic hub. The latter is utilized in the second design (2nd Design) to house a set of flux barriers and additional pieces of PMs arranged in a vernier type configuration, to obtain a hybrid rotor structure. From the 2nd Design, the proposed machine (Proposed Design) is obtained. The proposed design is equipped with a second inner stator core that also houses a four-pole, five-phase concentrated winding. The three machines were modelled for ac magnetic transient analysis using the 2-D Finite Element Method (FEM). The influence of different electromagnetic parameters on the traction performance of the proposed machine is evaluated. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed machine, which has positioned itself to be a strong candidate in EVs traction applications.
{"title":"Dual-Stator Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Hybrid Spoke-Vernier Type Rotor for Electric Vehicles","authors":"M. Muteba, Shanelle N. Foster","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813931","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a dual-stator five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with hybrid spoke-vernier type rotor for electric vehicles (EVs) traction applications. The proposed machine can achieve high torque density, high-power factor, and wide speed range operation with a hybrid spoke-vernier type PM rotor. The first design (Initial Design) consists of an outer stator having twenty slots that carry a four-pole, five-phase concentrated winding with an inner spoke-type PM rotor supported by a magnetic hub. The latter is utilized in the second design (2nd Design) to house a set of flux barriers and additional pieces of PMs arranged in a vernier type configuration, to obtain a hybrid rotor structure. From the 2nd Design, the proposed machine (Proposed Design) is obtained. The proposed design is equipped with a second inner stator core that also houses a four-pole, five-phase concentrated winding. The three machines were modelled for ac magnetic transient analysis using the 2-D Finite Element Method (FEM). The influence of different electromagnetic parameters on the traction performance of the proposed machine is evaluated. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed machine, which has positioned itself to be a strong candidate in EVs traction applications.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117088029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813907
Junyeong Jung, I. Husain
Two different types of semi-analytical models for outer rotor slotless Halbach array PMSMs with teeth for cooling channels are introduced. The first model considers the coils and the teeth for cooling channels as a continuous region while the second model define separate regions for the (virtual) slots and teeth. The accuracy and computational time with respect to a commercial Finite Element Method (FEM) package for the models are compared for static and transient analysis with a 14 pole fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) machine.
{"title":"Comparison of Subdomain Models for Outer Rotor Slotless Halbach Array Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors","authors":"Junyeong Jung, I. Husain","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813907","url":null,"abstract":"Two different types of semi-analytical models for outer rotor slotless Halbach array PMSMs with teeth for cooling channels are introduced. The first model considers the coils and the teeth for cooling channels as a continuous region while the second model define separate regions for the (virtual) slots and teeth. The accuracy and computational time with respect to a commercial Finite Element Method (FEM) package for the models are compared for static and transient analysis with a 14 pole fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) machine.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123976605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813860
Trinnapop Boonseng, A. Sangswang, S. Naetiladdanon
These Installed planning of charging infrastructure on remote highways could be problematic; Mostly, EV users need to charge their EVs at the maximum power rate because they need to minimize their charging time as fast as possible. Nevertheless, the high volume of EVs flowing to the remote highway can lead to high peak loads on the zone substation in the local distribution network. Moreover, charging stations on remote highways are often located far from zone substations in regions with poor networks and high peak demand, which significantly impacting power quality in the distribution network. The battery energy storage system is used to service the peak demand by maintaining power quality without expensive distribution network upgrades and can help the local network supply the average demand.This study presents a new novel using multi-objective optimization to determine the optimal energy storage capacity to service the remote highway’s fast-charging station. The results show that our proposed method can maintain the voltage drop and reduce high peak demand with the lowest cost on the remote Australian highway compared with the statical method. The optimal energy storage size must not be too small to cope with variations in traffic flow and maintain the peak and average demand over 24-hours, but not too large that it may increase the investment in the charging station.
{"title":"Optimal Design of Battery-Supported Fast-Charging Systems on Australian Highways","authors":"Trinnapop Boonseng, A. Sangswang, S. Naetiladdanon","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813860","url":null,"abstract":"These Installed planning of charging infrastructure on remote highways could be problematic; Mostly, EV users need to charge their EVs at the maximum power rate because they need to minimize their charging time as fast as possible. Nevertheless, the high volume of EVs flowing to the remote highway can lead to high peak loads on the zone substation in the local distribution network. Moreover, charging stations on remote highways are often located far from zone substations in regions with poor networks and high peak demand, which significantly impacting power quality in the distribution network. The battery energy storage system is used to service the peak demand by maintaining power quality without expensive distribution network upgrades and can help the local network supply the average demand.This study presents a new novel using multi-objective optimization to determine the optimal energy storage capacity to service the remote highway’s fast-charging station. The results show that our proposed method can maintain the voltage drop and reduce high peak demand with the lowest cost on the remote Australian highway compared with the statical method. The optimal energy storage size must not be too small to cope with variations in traffic flow and maintain the peak and average demand over 24-hours, but not too large that it may increase the investment in the charging station.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124630590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813768
Alan G. Li, M. Preindl
Grid-connected residential solar-photovoltaic (PV) and battery systems are increasingly popular types of microgrids. Determining the optimal energy management system (EMS) strategy for such microgrids depends on many factors, such as power demand, solar irradiation, and system costing. The energy flow for a residential PV-battery microgrid is thus studied in detail. Three algorithms are used, including load-levelling, peak-shifting, and an original model predictive control (MPC) EMS. PV cells, battery overpotentials and degradation are simulated with physically-meaningful models. Real data from Long Island, New York, are used to simulate the load power demand, solar irradiation, utility costs, degradation costs, and PV credits. Both load and PV forecasting error are considered. Results for the base cases demonstrate the advantage of MPC EMS. Simulation parameters are then varied to show that the simulated cost savings depend on the costing assumptions and forecasting error.
{"title":"Assessing Degradation-Aware Model Predictive Control for Energy Management of a Grid-Connected PV-Battery Microgrid","authors":"Alan G. Li, M. Preindl","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813768","url":null,"abstract":"Grid-connected residential solar-photovoltaic (PV) and battery systems are increasingly popular types of microgrids. Determining the optimal energy management system (EMS) strategy for such microgrids depends on many factors, such as power demand, solar irradiation, and system costing. The energy flow for a residential PV-battery microgrid is thus studied in detail. Three algorithms are used, including load-levelling, peak-shifting, and an original model predictive control (MPC) EMS. PV cells, battery overpotentials and degradation are simulated with physically-meaningful models. Real data from Long Island, New York, are used to simulate the load power demand, solar irradiation, utility costs, degradation costs, and PV credits. Both load and PV forecasting error are considered. Results for the base cases demonstrate the advantage of MPC EMS. Simulation parameters are then varied to show that the simulated cost savings depend on the costing assumptions and forecasting error.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124818925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813941
Kushan Choksi, Yuxuan Wu, M. ul Hassan, Fang Luo, Bo Liu, Xin Wu
Aircraft industry is seeing a paradigm shift towards more electric-based operation, increasing requirements for electrical wiring systems exponentially in terms of frequency and voltage stress. Traditionally, aircraft power transmission cables are unshielded and placed close to ground plane and communication infrastructures. These demand rethinking of aircraft standards viz DO-160G and different cable interconnection systems. This paper investigates various cable options to handle the increased load demand and its impact on electromagnetic interactions and reflected wave phenomenon. It was noted that separately shielded cable generates 59% less common-mode noise generation but aids in 23% higher reflected wave overvoltage as opposed to unshielded cable configuration.
{"title":"Inspecting Impact of Cabling Infrastructure on Reflected wave and EMI for More Electric Aircraft (MEA) motor drives","authors":"Kushan Choksi, Yuxuan Wu, M. ul Hassan, Fang Luo, Bo Liu, Xin Wu","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813941","url":null,"abstract":"Aircraft industry is seeing a paradigm shift towards more electric-based operation, increasing requirements for electrical wiring systems exponentially in terms of frequency and voltage stress. Traditionally, aircraft power transmission cables are unshielded and placed close to ground plane and communication infrastructures. These demand rethinking of aircraft standards viz DO-160G and different cable interconnection systems. This paper investigates various cable options to handle the increased load demand and its impact on electromagnetic interactions and reflected wave phenomenon. It was noted that separately shielded cable generates 59% less common-mode noise generation but aids in 23% higher reflected wave overvoltage as opposed to unshielded cable configuration.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129311652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813889
Huangjie Gong, Rosemary E. Alden, D. Ionel
An electric vehicle (EV) battery has large energy storage capacity in the context of residential total usage, and the potential to provide large energy reserves for Home energy Management (HEM) systems. In an electric distribution system, groups of EVs could provide vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service in response to control signals and enable virtual power plant (VPP) operation of the car batteries. The CTA-2045 standards were considered for integration of the EV controls into the HEM system for maximal interoperability with other appliances, such as residential battery, electric water heater, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The power distribution system under study was modeled based on a modified IEEE 123-bus feeder test case in OpenDSS software. The availability and state of charge (SOC) of EVs were calculated based on the national household travel survey (NHTS) data following a new procedure to create synthetic communities following experimental probability density functions (PDFs). Example case studies for long and short term V2G services were completed in this paper from the perspective of the distribution system. The power flow for the distribution system, the voltages on the buses, as well as the SOCs and available energies of the EVs were calculated following the control signals on an example day.
{"title":"Stochastic Battery SOC Model of EV Community for V2G Operations Using CTA-2045 Standards","authors":"Huangjie Gong, Rosemary E. Alden, D. Ionel","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813889","url":null,"abstract":"An electric vehicle (EV) battery has large energy storage capacity in the context of residential total usage, and the potential to provide large energy reserves for Home energy Management (HEM) systems. In an electric distribution system, groups of EVs could provide vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service in response to control signals and enable virtual power plant (VPP) operation of the car batteries. The CTA-2045 standards were considered for integration of the EV controls into the HEM system for maximal interoperability with other appliances, such as residential battery, electric water heater, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The power distribution system under study was modeled based on a modified IEEE 123-bus feeder test case in OpenDSS software. The availability and state of charge (SOC) of EVs were calculated based on the national household travel survey (NHTS) data following a new procedure to create synthetic communities following experimental probability density functions (PDFs). Example case studies for long and short term V2G services were completed in this paper from the perspective of the distribution system. The power flow for the distribution system, the voltages on the buses, as well as the SOCs and available energies of the EVs were calculated following the control signals on an example day.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"65 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127387266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：