Electrification of public transportation is one of the plausible ways through which many countries are adopting sustainable mobility. As the new transportation paradigm is being embraced by many nations, the uncertainties in traction technology, management of bus-charging, and demands of efficient public mobility will pose challenges in ensuring the timely schedule of the fleet. Also, with an additional level of financial transaction, between the bus operators and the charge operators, and the digital payment modes getting preferences, trust and security issues would arise. A blockchain-based system for fleet management can ensure minimal transaction cost and an efficient schedule and operation. As new transaction mechanisms emerge, blockchain could facilitate transactive energy exchanges. This paper proposes a blockchain-based mechanism for electric buses (EBs) charging. An optimization framework incorporating blockchain transactive operation has been proposed to solve for the most efficient fleet schedule at the least charging cost. The architecture of the proposed methodology is detailed, and the case study of Quito-Ecuador is evaluated.
{"title":"A Digitally-secured Automated Fleet Management Scheme for Electric Buses based on Blockchain","authors":"Jean-Michel Clairand, Vartika Kulshrestha, Shashank Vyas","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813844","url":null,"abstract":"Electrification of public transportation is one of the plausible ways through which many countries are adopting sustainable mobility. As the new transportation paradigm is being embraced by many nations, the uncertainties in traction technology, management of bus-charging, and demands of efficient public mobility will pose challenges in ensuring the timely schedule of the fleet. Also, with an additional level of financial transaction, between the bus operators and the charge operators, and the digital payment modes getting preferences, trust and security issues would arise. A blockchain-based system for fleet management can ensure minimal transaction cost and an efficient schedule and operation. As new transaction mechanisms emerge, blockchain could facilitate transactive energy exchanges. This paper proposes a blockchain-based mechanism for electric buses (EBs) charging. An optimization framework incorporating blockchain transactive operation has been proposed to solve for the most efficient fleet schedule at the least charging cost. The architecture of the proposed methodology is detailed, and the case study of Quito-Ecuador is evaluated.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128127008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/itec53557.2022.9813842
Laurenz Tippe, Alberto De Vergara Oberloher, Michael Ebnicher, Joachim Fröschl, H. Herzog
Current trends such as autonomous driving and the associated increase in the number of electrical consumers and their power demands pose new challenges for automotive power nets. Due to the raising demands on system availability, a strong increase in complexity is also expected and has to be handled. Current energy management systems are mostly limited to prevent undervoltages by selectively degrading the supplied power of individual electrical loads. However, this approach does not include the management of overall system efficiency and thermals, nor is it able to manage redundant power supply lines or individual intelligent components. This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel multi-domain management system for automotive power nets which addresses all of the above mentioned issues and allows for an efficient operation while enabling fail-safe operation. Furthermore, the associated prediction capability allows the vehicle’s electrical system to be preconditioned before the occurance of safety-critical events which could otherwise lead to system failure. As an example, the proposed multi-domain management is applied to a ring structured power net.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Novel Multi-Domain Management for Automotive Power Nets","authors":"Laurenz Tippe, Alberto De Vergara Oberloher, Michael Ebnicher, Joachim Fröschl, H. Herzog","doi":"10.1109/itec53557.2022.9813842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itec53557.2022.9813842","url":null,"abstract":"Current trends such as autonomous driving and the associated increase in the number of electrical consumers and their power demands pose new challenges for automotive power nets. Due to the raising demands on system availability, a strong increase in complexity is also expected and has to be handled. Current energy management systems are mostly limited to prevent undervoltages by selectively degrading the supplied power of individual electrical loads. However, this approach does not include the management of overall system efficiency and thermals, nor is it able to manage redundant power supply lines or individual intelligent components. This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel multi-domain management system for automotive power nets which addresses all of the above mentioned issues and allows for an efficient operation while enabling fail-safe operation. Furthermore, the associated prediction capability allows the vehicle’s electrical system to be preconditioned before the occurance of safety-critical events which could otherwise lead to system failure. As an example, the proposed multi-domain management is applied to a ring structured power net.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125489728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814040
Marco Stecca, Wiljan Vermeer, T. Soeiro, Laura Ramirez Elizondo, P. Bauer, P. Palensky
This paper discusses the design and optimization of electric vehicles’ fast-charging stations with on-site photovoltaic energy production and a battery energy storage system. Three scenarios, varying the number of chargers, distance from the main grid, and on-site photovoltaic generation potential, are investigated. Such scenarios are benchmarked in investment, operating costs, and grid connection requirements. The addition of a battery storage system is also evaluated to reduce the operating cost and, therefore, boost the system’s economic parameters, such as the net present value, and increase the grid independence.The analysis shows that the addition of the battery system can be effective in both performance metrics, the reduction of the grid connection, which can be reduced up to 80% by the addition of a large size battery, and the increase of the net present value, which can be even doubled with respect to the case when the battery storage system is not installed.
{"title":"Battery Storage Integration in EV Fast Charging Station for Increasing its Revenues and Reducing the Grid Impact","authors":"Marco Stecca, Wiljan Vermeer, T. Soeiro, Laura Ramirez Elizondo, P. Bauer, P. Palensky","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814040","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the design and optimization of electric vehicles’ fast-charging stations with on-site photovoltaic energy production and a battery energy storage system. Three scenarios, varying the number of chargers, distance from the main grid, and on-site photovoltaic generation potential, are investigated. Such scenarios are benchmarked in investment, operating costs, and grid connection requirements. The addition of a battery storage system is also evaluated to reduce the operating cost and, therefore, boost the system’s economic parameters, such as the net present value, and increase the grid independence.The analysis shows that the addition of the battery system can be effective in both performance metrics, the reduction of the grid connection, which can be reduced up to 80% by the addition of a large size battery, and the increase of the net present value, which can be even doubled with respect to the case when the battery storage system is not installed.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121848890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/itec53557.2022.9813909
R. Reddy, M. Das
This paper illustrates a wide voltage gain multi-output DC-DC converter for electric vehicle application. The proposed converter provides a reconfigurable resonant network. The resonant network can operate in either of the LLC or LLC-C modes operating in a wide voltage gain along with dual output. Additionally, the converter can provide good voltage regulation over a narrow frequency range. This converter also having soft-switching and inherent over current protection features in LLC-C mode. The proposed converter is designed to regulate the dc-bus voltage by using frequency modulation control. The hysteresis band current control is implemented in inverter for controlling the BLDC motor. A 1kW BLDC motor drive is analysed and simulated using different reconfigurable resonant network. The simulation results are shown for driving two BLDC motor (for all wheel drive) using same DC bus voltage. Additionally, the control of multi-output converter can distribute equal power between the two motors to improve the overall stability. The hardware prototype is developed in the laboratory to verify the operation of the proposed system and preliminary results are included in the paper.
{"title":"A Novel Dual Output Multi-Resonant Converter For All Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle","authors":"R. Reddy, M. Das","doi":"10.1109/itec53557.2022.9813909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/itec53557.2022.9813909","url":null,"abstract":"This paper illustrates a wide voltage gain multi-output DC-DC converter for electric vehicle application. The proposed converter provides a reconfigurable resonant network. The resonant network can operate in either of the LLC or LLC-C modes operating in a wide voltage gain along with dual output. Additionally, the converter can provide good voltage regulation over a narrow frequency range. This converter also having soft-switching and inherent over current protection features in LLC-C mode. The proposed converter is designed to regulate the dc-bus voltage by using frequency modulation control. The hysteresis band current control is implemented in inverter for controlling the BLDC motor. A 1kW BLDC motor drive is analysed and simulated using different reconfigurable resonant network. The simulation results are shown for driving two BLDC motor (for all wheel drive) using same DC bus voltage. Additionally, the control of multi-output converter can distribute equal power between the two motors to improve the overall stability. The hardware prototype is developed in the laboratory to verify the operation of the proposed system and preliminary results are included in the paper.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121457015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813904
P. Badr, B. Papari, A. Robison, C. Edrington, A. Abulebdah, M. A. Zehir, Eman M. Hammad
Distributed control architectures unlike centralized controllers in power systems do not have a single point of failure. To provide minimum failure and increased reliability and resiliency, utilizing a network of interconnected controllers, denoted as agents, for distributed control and management (power and energy) is necessary. Recently, the growing concern over malicious cyberattacks that can disrupt an entire system’s operation has further magnified distributed control architectures’ importance. Thus, it is imperative to evaluate and benchmark the performance of power systems with distributed control associated with algorithmic metric evaluation techniques. Such performance benchmarks enable better topological and methodological assessment of distributed control systems for engineers. This study proposes a novel approach in modeling performance metrics for power quality, reliability, and resiliency to develop a holistic normalized index, denoted as MetaMetric (MM), demonstrating a distributed control system’s effectiveness under cyberattack scenarios. Three types of cyberattacks are considered: 1) false data injection (FDI), 2) controller hijacking and 3) denial of service (DoS). The candidate system under study is a zonal MVDC ship power system with ten power management agents. The candidate system was designed for Naval applications, which have a higher susceptibility to malicious attacks than terrestrial systems.
{"title":"Holistic Performance Benchmarking in Power Systems with Distributed Control under Disruptive Cyberattacks","authors":"P. Badr, B. Papari, A. Robison, C. Edrington, A. Abulebdah, M. A. Zehir, Eman M. Hammad","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813904","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed control architectures unlike centralized controllers in power systems do not have a single point of failure. To provide minimum failure and increased reliability and resiliency, utilizing a network of interconnected controllers, denoted as agents, for distributed control and management (power and energy) is necessary. Recently, the growing concern over malicious cyberattacks that can disrupt an entire system’s operation has further magnified distributed control architectures’ importance. Thus, it is imperative to evaluate and benchmark the performance of power systems with distributed control associated with algorithmic metric evaluation techniques. Such performance benchmarks enable better topological and methodological assessment of distributed control systems for engineers. This study proposes a novel approach in modeling performance metrics for power quality, reliability, and resiliency to develop a holistic normalized index, denoted as MetaMetric (MM), demonstrating a distributed control system’s effectiveness under cyberattack scenarios. Three types of cyberattacks are considered: 1) false data injection (FDI), 2) controller hijacking and 3) denial of service (DoS). The candidate system under study is a zonal MVDC ship power system with ten power management agents. The candidate system was designed for Naval applications, which have a higher susceptibility to malicious attacks than terrestrial systems.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132336928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813948
R. F. Paternost, Riccardo Mandrioli, R. Barbone, V. Cirimele, J. Loncarski, M. Ricco
In the context of urban transportation electrification, trolleybus systems can be modernized by using vehicles based on the so-called In-Motion-Charging (IMC) technology. The current required by IMC vehicles is higher than traditional trolleybuses because, in addition to traction, they must also absorb the current needed to recharge the batteries on board. With the aim of reducing voltage drops in trolleybus networks even in case of high-power demands, the impacts of the inclusion of a mid-line stationary energy storage system to maintain a high voltage level and to reduce the network energy losses are analyzed in this paper. This work consists of the development of Monte Carlo-based simulations to treat as random variables the initial positions of the trolleybuses in the DC catenary system and their respective current draws. A current absorption profile of the IMC trolleybus has been used in conjunction with a model able to simulate the movement of multiple vehicles in a DC network section. According to the achieved results, it is possible to observe an improvement in the network voltage profile and an indication of energy savings.
{"title":"Impact of a Stationary Energy Storage System in a DC Trolleybus Network","authors":"R. F. Paternost, Riccardo Mandrioli, R. Barbone, V. Cirimele, J. Loncarski, M. Ricco","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813948","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of urban transportation electrification, trolleybus systems can be modernized by using vehicles based on the so-called In-Motion-Charging (IMC) technology. The current required by IMC vehicles is higher than traditional trolleybuses because, in addition to traction, they must also absorb the current needed to recharge the batteries on board. With the aim of reducing voltage drops in trolleybus networks even in case of high-power demands, the impacts of the inclusion of a mid-line stationary energy storage system to maintain a high voltage level and to reduce the network energy losses are analyzed in this paper. This work consists of the development of Monte Carlo-based simulations to treat as random variables the initial positions of the trolleybuses in the DC catenary system and their respective current draws. A current absorption profile of the IMC trolleybus has been used in conjunction with a model able to simulate the movement of multiple vehicles in a DC network section. According to the achieved results, it is possible to observe an improvement in the network voltage profile and an indication of energy savings.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"526 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132382929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814064
G. L. Thomas, Brian P. Malone, Jeffryes W. Chapman, J. Csank
Hybrid-electric architectures are a promising means to achieve clean and efficient aircraft propulsion needed for small, short-range electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) class vehicles. This paper explores the design space for a six-passenger quadrotor hybrid-electric propulsion system and shows that hybrid architectures that are more efficient than engine-only architectures can be built with near-term battery technology (~150 Wh/kg at the pack level). Data obtained shows that hybrid-electric propulsion systems can achieve 28% block fuel reduction and 27% total energy cost savings over a 120 nautical mile (nmi) mission compared to conventional turboshaft architectures. This work suggests that hybrids are likely the most efficient architectures that can be produced in the near term for this class of vehicle and motivates further development in this area.
{"title":"Electrical Energy Storage Design Space Exploration for a Hybrid-Electric Six Passenger Quadrotor","authors":"G. L. Thomas, Brian P. Malone, Jeffryes W. Chapman, J. Csank","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814064","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid-electric architectures are a promising means to achieve clean and efficient aircraft propulsion needed for small, short-range electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) class vehicles. This paper explores the design space for a six-passenger quadrotor hybrid-electric propulsion system and shows that hybrid architectures that are more efficient than engine-only architectures can be built with near-term battery technology (~150 Wh/kg at the pack level). Data obtained shows that hybrid-electric propulsion systems can achieve 28% block fuel reduction and 27% total energy cost savings over a 120 nautical mile (nmi) mission compared to conventional turboshaft architectures. This work suggests that hybrids are likely the most efficient architectures that can be produced in the near term for this class of vehicle and motivates further development in this area.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134526931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813966
Yuqi Wei, M. Hossain, A. Stratta, H. Mantooth
To improve the electric aircraft system efficiency performance, the efficient cryogenically-cooled superconducting cables and motors are adopted. The overall system performance can be further improved if the power electronics converters can work under cryogenic temperatures. The gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), which has the best overall performance under cryogenic temperatures among various types of semicoductors, are adopted to design the power converter. Due to the current limitation of individual GaN HEMT, a half-bridge power module with three GaN HEMTs in parallel for each switching position is designed. The circuit layout considerations are discussed to ensure identic circuit parasitics and balanced current sharing operation. Based on the converter power loss and size models, the genetic algorithm based optimal design for the four-switch buck-boost converter is discussed. The theoretical efficiency performances under different operating conditions are presented. The double pulse test (DPT) is performed to valiadte the function of the designed half-bridge power module. The thermal test of the power module is conducted to validate the symmetric layout design for the paralleled devices.
{"title":"Cryogenic Four-switch Buck-Boost Converter Design for All Electric Aircraft","authors":"Yuqi Wei, M. Hossain, A. Stratta, H. Mantooth","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9813966","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the electric aircraft system efficiency performance, the efficient cryogenically-cooled superconducting cables and motors are adopted. The overall system performance can be further improved if the power electronics converters can work under cryogenic temperatures. The gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), which has the best overall performance under cryogenic temperatures among various types of semicoductors, are adopted to design the power converter. Due to the current limitation of individual GaN HEMT, a half-bridge power module with three GaN HEMTs in parallel for each switching position is designed. The circuit layout considerations are discussed to ensure identic circuit parasitics and balanced current sharing operation. Based on the converter power loss and size models, the genetic algorithm based optimal design for the four-switch buck-boost converter is discussed. The theoretical efficiency performances under different operating conditions are presented. The double pulse test (DPT) is performed to valiadte the function of the designed half-bridge power module. The thermal test of the power module is conducted to validate the symmetric layout design for the paralleled devices.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129386240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814071
Keyur Patel
Designing software functions using the modelbased methodology and making it compliant with Autosar (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) and meeting the coding standard is a challenge. There are many functional blocks in the model design where transforming Autocode to Autosar is difficult for one discipline to dive through. This paper intends to breach the gap in understanding the development workflow of Autocode modeling, coding standard impact with Autocode, and Autocode complex blocks such as non-volatile memory service port, server-client interface, digital Input-output block, calibration, display memory block, etc. using the real-time simple example with a brief overview. This paper also provides function autocode modeling suggestion, so the function is being developed more effectively.
{"title":"Model-Based Software Development – Autocode to Autosar","authors":"Keyur Patel","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814071","url":null,"abstract":"Designing software functions using the modelbased methodology and making it compliant with Autosar (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) and meeting the coding standard is a challenge. There are many functional blocks in the model design where transforming Autocode to Autosar is difficult for one discipline to dive through. This paper intends to breach the gap in understanding the development workflow of Autocode modeling, coding standard impact with Autocode, and Autocode complex blocks such as non-volatile memory service port, server-client interface, digital Input-output block, calibration, display memory block, etc. using the real-time simple example with a brief overview. This paper also provides function autocode modeling suggestion, so the function is being developed more effectively.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132166581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814057
Bryton Praslicka, N. Taran, Cong Ma
Interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors are frequently used for electric vehicle traction applications because of their high nominal operating region efficiency, power density, and flux weakening capabilities. However, due to the inherent cross-coupling and saturation effects of the direct- (d-) and quadrature (q-) axis parameters, it is difficult to predict the peak-motoring operating envelope in the flux weakening region because it is difficult to determine the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) and maximum torque per volt (MTPV) trajectory without expending significant computational resources. Concordantly, without the MTPA/MTPV trajectory, and without loss data, it is difficult to estimate the motor operating efficiency at any general operating point. This issue is especially significant when in the early design stages or during optimization of a traction motor. This manuscript introduces a surrogate modelling technique and training heuristic for mapping the d- and q- axis parameters as well as hysteresis and eddy current losses at all motor operating points in a manner more computationally efficient than previous methods while maintaining acceptable accuracy. Thus, this method enables ultra-fast prediction of the entire peak motoring operating envelope and efficiency map of the electric machine at all operating points–even in the field weakening and deep field weakening regions. The newly proposed method is benchmarked against previous methods by comparing the predicted motor performance against experimentally-calibrated data. It is observed that the new method can predict performance with minimal percent efficiency difference over a wide range of operating points using 75% less computational resources than previous approaches.
{"title":"An Ultra-fast Method for Analyzing IPM Motors at Multiple Operating Points Using Surrogate Models","authors":"Bryton Praslicka, N. Taran, Cong Ma","doi":"10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC53557.2022.9814057","url":null,"abstract":"Interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors are frequently used for electric vehicle traction applications because of their high nominal operating region efficiency, power density, and flux weakening capabilities. However, due to the inherent cross-coupling and saturation effects of the direct- (d-) and quadrature (q-) axis parameters, it is difficult to predict the peak-motoring operating envelope in the flux weakening region because it is difficult to determine the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) and maximum torque per volt (MTPV) trajectory without expending significant computational resources. Concordantly, without the MTPA/MTPV trajectory, and without loss data, it is difficult to estimate the motor operating efficiency at any general operating point. This issue is especially significant when in the early design stages or during optimization of a traction motor. This manuscript introduces a surrogate modelling technique and training heuristic for mapping the d- and q- axis parameters as well as hysteresis and eddy current losses at all motor operating points in a manner more computationally efficient than previous methods while maintaining acceptable accuracy. Thus, this method enables ultra-fast prediction of the entire peak motoring operating envelope and efficiency map of the electric machine at all operating points–even in the field weakening and deep field weakening regions. The newly proposed method is benchmarked against previous methods by comparing the predicted motor performance against experimentally-calibrated data. It is observed that the new method can predict performance with minimal percent efficiency difference over a wide range of operating points using 75% less computational resources than previous approaches.","PeriodicalId":275570,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114895983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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