Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763333
H. Zeller
In this paper we discuss three phenomena which represent field induced deviations from thermodynamic equilibrium of an insulating material. Water treeing is shown to have at its origin a strong field induced change in the electrochemical potential of ionic impurities. This is the driving force for electrochemical processes which lead to the observed damage. Field induced high mobility carriers generated by detrapping or impact ionization lead to prebreakdown currents and electroluminescence. In most cases we are dealing with far from equilibrium but quasistationary solutions of the corresponding equations. All three phenomena involve field induced transport processes in an insulator. The transport processes form the physical basis for field induced ageing processes.
{"title":"Noninsulating properties of insulating materials","authors":"H. Zeller","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763333","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss three phenomena which represent field induced deviations from thermodynamic equilibrium of an insulating material. Water treeing is shown to have at its origin a strong field induced change in the electrochemical potential of ionic impurities. This is the driving force for electrochemical processes which lead to the observed damage. Field induced high mobility carriers generated by detrapping or impact ionization lead to prebreakdown currents and electroluminescence. In most cases we are dealing with far from equilibrium but quasistationary solutions of the corresponding equations. All three phenomena involve field induced transport processes in an insulator. The transport processes form the physical basis for field induced ageing processes.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"7 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132815773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763944
H. Kishida, Y. Ehara, T. Ito
{"title":"Measurements Of Streamers By Rectilinear Surface Discharges In Insulating Oils","authors":"H. Kishida, Y. Ehara, T. Ito","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763944","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131086494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763729
S. Fujimori
In electrical discharge o r electrical breakdown s t u d i e s , e s p e c i a l l y in t h e s t u d i e s o f s o l i d dielectrics, one of serious problems is tree initiations and its developments. Physical o r chemical properties have been studied, but its morphological and global examinations just have started based on the concept "fractal" proposed by Mandelbrot for discussing a self-similar patterns or complex patternslll. Computer simulated tree patterns o r the patterns inputted into computer from tree photographs are now analyzed numerically by using the fractal theory, and related studies have been gradually developed C21. T h e examinations have gradually progressed. Now, this fractal concept is extended into multifractal conceptE31, which offers more detailed and more precise informations of patterns. In this paper we will discuss the relations between tree patterns, tree-type and aegaglopira-type tree patterns and their multifractal dimensions.
{"title":"Multifractal dimensions of tree patterns","authors":"S. Fujimori","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763729","url":null,"abstract":"In electrical discharge o r electrical breakdown s t u d i e s , e s p e c i a l l y in t h e s t u d i e s o f s o l i d dielectrics, one of serious problems is tree initiations and its developments. Physical o r chemical properties have been studied, but its morphological and global examinations just have started based on the concept \"fractal\" proposed by Mandelbrot for discussing a self-similar patterns or complex patternslll. Computer simulated tree patterns o r the patterns inputted into computer from tree photographs are now analyzed numerically by using the fractal theory, and related studies have been gradually developed C21. T h e examinations have gradually progressed. Now, this fractal concept is extended into multifractal conceptE31, which offers more detailed and more precise informations of patterns. In this paper we will discuss the relations between tree patterns, tree-type and aegaglopira-type tree patterns and their multifractal dimensions.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122211502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763356
N. Koizumi, Y. Murata
In copolymers of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and trifluorcx (TrFE) with intermediate and high TrFE content the polarization takes place in a double step manner characterized by high i electric fields Eh and El corresponding to polarizati depolarization, respectively. This gives rise to a con ferroelectric hysteresis loop for the copolymers, being contras' the case of VDF rich copolymers which exhibit the sharp currenl polarization reversal at the coercive field and the hysteresis rectangular shape. The two electric fields Eh and E1 are cons influenced by temperature and hydrostatic pressure. Tempera pressure at which E1 reduces to zero are related to a transition 1 two phases S and D with slightly different structure. De< temperature and/or increasing pressure enhance the formation phase. The two fields & and E1 merge into a single coercive f i t a sufficiently high pressure. This paper presents the ferrc behavior and related structure in VDF / TrFE copolyme intermediate comonomer content.
{"title":"Polarization reversal in vinylidene fluorride-trifluoroethylene copolymer wrth intermediate comonomer content","authors":"N. Koizumi, Y. Murata","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763356","url":null,"abstract":"In copolymers of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and trifluorcx (TrFE) with intermediate and high TrFE content the polarization takes place in a double step manner characterized by high i electric fields Eh and El corresponding to polarizati depolarization, respectively. This gives rise to a con ferroelectric hysteresis loop for the copolymers, being contras' the case of VDF rich copolymers which exhibit the sharp currenl polarization reversal at the coercive field and the hysteresis rectangular shape. The two electric fields Eh and E1 are cons influenced by temperature and hydrostatic pressure. Tempera pressure at which E1 reduces to zero are related to a transition 1 two phases S and D with slightly different structure. De< temperature and/or increasing pressure enhance the formation phase. The two fields & and E1 merge into a single coercive f i t a sufficiently high pressure. This paper presents the ferrc behavior and related structure in VDF / TrFE copolyme intermediate comonomer content.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"62 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114100637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763343
G. Sessler, G. Yang
Calculated and measured charge distributions in polypropylene irradiated with an electron beam through a floating front electrode are compared. The analytical results were obtained from a linear model by substituting experimental values of radiation-induced conductivity during and after irradiation. Measurements of charge distributions were performed with the split-Faraday cup and the laser-induced pressure-pulse methods. The calculated and experimental results show that the charge-centroid location and the shape of the charge distribution depend on injected charge density and on time. At a certain injected charge density, all available traps in the vicinity of the range of the electrons are filled. Additional irradiation results in a drift of the injected electrons in their own field until they encounter empty traps where they are immobilized.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution Of Trapped Charge In Electron Beam Charged Polypropylene","authors":"G. Sessler, G. Yang","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763343","url":null,"abstract":"Calculated and measured charge distributions in polypropylene irradiated with an electron beam through a floating front electrode are compared. The analytical results were obtained from a linear model by substituting experimental values of radiation-induced conductivity during and after irradiation. Measurements of charge distributions were performed with the split-Faraday cup and the laser-induced pressure-pulse methods. The calculated and experimental results show that the charge-centroid location and the shape of the charge distribution depend on injected charge density and on time. At a certain injected charge density, all available traps in the vicinity of the range of the electrons are filled. Additional irradiation results in a drift of the injected electrons in their own field until they encounter empty traps where they are immobilized.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"46 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114115056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763949
R. Amer
The negative corona threshold voltage is calculated taking into account the effect of the space charge field of the positive ions and electrons. The positive ions are assumed to be uniformly distributed in a cone while the electrons are assumed to be uniformly distributed in a hemisphere at the head of the avalanche. A computer programs are written and used to compute the negative corona threshold voltage for SF over a wide range of the geometerical parameters and gas pressures. The results are discussed in details.
{"title":"Negative Corona Threshold Voltage Calculation Under The Effect Of Avalanche Space Charge Fields","authors":"R. Amer","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763949","url":null,"abstract":"The negative corona threshold voltage is calculated taking into account the effect of the space charge field of the positive ions and electrons. The positive ions are assumed to be uniformly distributed in a cone while the electrons are assumed to be uniformly distributed in a hemisphere at the head of the avalanche. A computer programs are written and used to compute the negative corona threshold voltage for SF over a wide range of the geometerical parameters and gas pressures. The results are discussed in details.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121280777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763363
D. Das-Gupta, J. Hornsby, A. Goodings
Synthetic organic polymers and ceramics are us insulating materials for electrical cables, connec switch gear, sockets, microelectronics instrumentation. These materials are often expor humid environment. In general, the deteriorati bulk insulation properties is acceptably ! However, the surface electrical properties may I enhanced degradation which may result in an increi surface conductivity in the presence of high vc and moisture. The transport of electrical c1 across the surface of an insulator is an area in the mechanisms involved are poorly understood.
{"title":"Surface conductivity and hydration effects of polymer and ceramics","authors":"D. Das-Gupta, J. Hornsby, A. Goodings","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763363","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic organic polymers and ceramics are us insulating materials for electrical cables, connec switch gear, sockets, microelectronics instrumentation. These materials are often expor humid environment. In general, the deteriorati bulk insulation properties is acceptably ! However, the surface electrical properties may I enhanced degradation which may result in an increi surface conductivity in the presence of high vc and moisture. The transport of electrical c1 across the surface of an insulator is an area in the mechanisms involved are poorly understood.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122678429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763376
M. Mashikian, A. Sierota
In a search to identify non-destructive test methods for evaluating the condition of non-shielded power plant cable insulation, time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) was investigated in conjunction with several types of cable materials and constructions. At the outset, i t was decided to consider only those methods which did not necessitate subjecting the cables to unduly high voltage stresses and which could be readily implemented in power plant environments. Techniques t o detect discrete defects, such as cuts, pinholes and bruises, were explored separately [l] and, therefore, are not covered in this report which concentrates on the determination of overall deterioration. Although the investigation included shielded a s well as non-shielded cables, only two varieties of this latter category are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Non-destructive Evaluation Of Non-shielded Power Plant Cables By Tme-domain Dielectric Spectroscopy","authors":"M. Mashikian, A. Sierota","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763376","url":null,"abstract":"In a search to identify non-destructive test methods for evaluating the condition of non-shielded power plant cable insulation, time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) was investigated in conjunction with several types of cable materials and constructions. At the outset, i t was decided to consider only those methods which did not necessitate subjecting the cables to unduly high voltage stresses and which could be readily implemented in power plant environments. Techniques t o detect discrete defects, such as cuts, pinholes and bruises, were explored separately [l] and, therefore, are not covered in this report which concentrates on the determination of overall deterioration. Although the investigation included shielded a s well as non-shielded cables, only two varieties of this latter category are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116884043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763360
M. A. Sussi, G. Raju
Aromatic Polyamide (Trade Name Nomex type 410) is a high temperature dielectric which has many potential engineering applications. In this study charging, discharging and thermally stimulated polarization (TSP) currents are measured over a wide range of electric field strengths and temperatures. The influence of electrode materials and rate of heating on the TSP currents investigated for 127 /spl mu/m and 76 /spl mu/m thick paper. The results show that the observed current during charging and discharg are dissimilar and both decay according to I(t) = A t/sup -n/ where t is the time and n is the decay constant. The absorption currents are used to derive the low frequency dielectric properties of the material. The TSP current is observed to be dependent on electric field and heating rate. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
芳香族聚酰胺(商品名Nomex型410)是一种高温电介质，具有许多潜在的工程应用。在这项研究中，充电、放电和热激极化(TSP)电流在很宽的电场强度和温度范围内进行了测量。研究了127 /spl mu/m和76 /spl mu/m厚纸电极材料和加热速率对TSP电流的影响。结果表明，在充电和放电过程中观察到的电流是不同的，两者都按照I(t) = A t/sup -n/的规律衰减，其中t为时间，n为衰减常数。吸收电流用于推导材料的低频介电特性。观察到TSP电流依赖于电场和加热速率。讨论了可能的机制。
{"title":"Absorption and polarization currents in aromatic polyamides","authors":"M. A. Sussi, G. Raju","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763360","url":null,"abstract":"Aromatic Polyamide (Trade Name Nomex type 410) is a high temperature dielectric which has many potential engineering applications. In this study charging, discharging and thermally stimulated polarization (TSP) currents are measured over a wide range of electric field strengths and temperatures. The influence of electrode materials and rate of heating on the TSP currents investigated for 127 /spl mu/m and 76 /spl mu/m thick paper. The results show that the observed current during charging and discharg are dissimilar and both decay according to I(t) = A t/sup -n/ where t is the time and n is the decay constant. The absorption currents are used to derive the low frequency dielectric properties of the material. The TSP current is observed to be dependent on electric field and heating rate. Possible mechanisms are discussed.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126802643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763948
K. Siodła, E. Kuffel, H. Fujinarmi
The paper presents the breakdown characteristics of compressed SF6 and the effect of corona discharge for non-uniform field gap under standard lightning impulses superimposed upon DC voltages. The gas pressure used ranged from 100 kPa to 400 kPa. The results presented show that the effect of the corona discharge upon the breakdown characteristics of the combined voltages depends upon the magnitude and the polarity of the direct voltage and the pressure.
{"title":"Breakdown voltage-pressure characteristicson non-uniform gaps in SF/sub 6/ under combined DC-Standard lightning impulse voltages","authors":"K. Siodła, E. Kuffel, H. Fujinarmi","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763948","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the breakdown characteristics of compressed SF6 and the effect of corona discharge for non-uniform field gap under standard lightning impulses superimposed upon DC voltages. The gas pressure used ranged from 100 kPa to 400 kPa. The results presented show that the effect of the corona discharge upon the breakdown characteristics of the combined voltages depends upon the magnitude and the polarity of the direct voltage and the pressure.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127719960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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