Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763733
J. King, D. Cooper
Studies of the structural and chemical changes of water trees in LDPE are reported. Attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy was used to examine water tree growth insitu. No increase in polymer oxidation associated with the 1700 to 1750 cm-1 range was observed during tree growth. However, some previously unreported peaks were observed including subtle distortions in the broadband "0-H absorption. Possible peak assignments are discussed. INTRODUCTION Extensive investigation into the initiation and growth of water trees has led to no consensus regarding how the defects form and grow.[l] It has been suggested that polymer oxidation is at least partially responsible for tree formation. In fact, some evidence has been presented which indicates treed regions contain increased amounts of polymer oxidation by-products. A significant amount of evidence has also been presented to the contrary. A recent review of this work has been provided.[ 2 1 Determination of IR spectra of treed regions is not a simple matter. The mechanical abuse and environmental exposure associated with sample preparation can produce changes in polymer spectra. This problem has led to the research described in this paper where spectra of PE containing growing water trees have been acquired insitu.
{"title":"Insitu examination of water trees using ir spectroscopy","authors":"J. King, D. Cooper","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763733","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the structural and chemical changes of water trees in LDPE are reported. Attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy was used to examine water tree growth insitu. No increase in polymer oxidation associated with the 1700 to 1750 cm-1 range was observed during tree growth. However, some previously unreported peaks were observed including subtle distortions in the broadband \"0-H absorption. Possible peak assignments are discussed. INTRODUCTION Extensive investigation into the initiation and growth of water trees has led to no consensus regarding how the defects form and grow.[l] It has been suggested that polymer oxidation is at least partially responsible for tree formation. In fact, some evidence has been presented which indicates treed regions contain increased amounts of polymer oxidation by-products. A significant amount of evidence has also been presented to the contrary. A recent review of this work has been provided.[ 2 1 Determination of IR spectra of treed regions is not a simple matter. The mechanical abuse and environmental exposure associated with sample preparation can produce changes in polymer spectra. This problem has led to the research described in this paper where spectra of PE containing growing water trees have been acquired insitu.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132155026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763346
Rong-sheng Liu, Min-sheng E. Wang, D. Tu
A modified electro-acoustic pulse method was used for measuring the space charge distribution and studying the processes of injection, accumulation and release of charges in polyethylene (PE) in a dc electrical field of 70.7 MV/m. A new charge decay phenomenon was observed. It showed that the decay time of volume charges in a sample to which the voltage had been applied for a long period was much shorter than that in another one to which the voltage had been applied for a short time under a same dc stress. For example, the charge decay time in PE was about one day (24 hours) when the application time of electrical field (70.7 x 10 MV/m) was 28.5 hours, and was more than one week (168 hours) when less than 6 hours. Finally, an accumulative model of space charges was proposed and the effect of space charges on pre-breakdown process of solid dielectrics was discussed.
{"title":"Measurement Of Space Charges In Polyethylene Using The Electro-acoustic Pulse Method","authors":"Rong-sheng Liu, Min-sheng E. Wang, D. Tu","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763346","url":null,"abstract":"A modified electro-acoustic pulse method was used for measuring the space charge distribution and studying the processes of injection, accumulation and release of charges in polyethylene (PE) in a dc electrical field of 70.7 MV/m. A new charge decay phenomenon was observed. It showed that the decay time of volume charges in a sample to which the voltage had been applied for a long period was much shorter than that in another one to which the voltage had been applied for a short time under a same dc stress. For example, the charge decay time in PE was about one day (24 hours) when the application time of electrical field (70.7 x 10 MV/m) was 28.5 hours, and was more than one week (168 hours) when less than 6 hours. Finally, an accumulative model of space charges was proposed and the effect of space charges on pre-breakdown process of solid dielectrics was discussed.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121181277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763379
G. Kajrys, P. Hinrichsen, A. Houdayer, J. Parpal, B. Noirhomme, J. Crine
Two-dimensional microbeam-PIXE scans of a water tree (2 mm x 1 mm) in a 25 kV XLPE underground cable taken from service after 18 years have been made with 50 micron spacing at a bombarding energy of 1.0 and 2.5 MeV. The spatial distributions of Mg, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca and Pe were measured. While Si and S show only small variations, except for the change at the semicon-XLPE interface, the distributions of Mg, Cl and Ca show tree-like structures. The large concentrations of Mg, Cl and Ca in the tree region suggests the diffusion of these impurities via the outer semiconductor. A high spatial correlation between K and Cl was observed.
在一条使用了18年的25 kV XLPE地下电缆中，以50微米的间隔，在1.0和2.5 MeV的轰击能量下，对水树(2mm x 1mm)进行了二维微束pxe扫描。测定了Mg、Si、S、Cl、K、Ca、Pe的空间分布。除了在半xlpe界面处的变化外，Si和S的变化很小，而Mg、Cl和Ca的分布呈树状结构。树状区域的高浓度Mg, Cl和Ca表明这些杂质通过外部半导体扩散。K和Cl之间存在较高的空间相关性。
{"title":"Two-dimensional Microbeam-pixe Elemental Scanning Of Water Trees In Field Aged Hv Cables","authors":"G. Kajrys, P. Hinrichsen, A. Houdayer, J. Parpal, B. Noirhomme, J. Crine","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763379","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional microbeam-PIXE scans of a water tree (2 mm x 1 mm) in a 25 kV XLPE underground cable taken from service after 18 years have been made with 50 micron spacing at a bombarding energy of 1.0 and 2.5 MeV. The spatial distributions of Mg, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca and Pe were measured. While Si and S show only small variations, except for the change at the semicon-XLPE interface, the distributions of Mg, Cl and Ca show tree-like structures. The large concentrations of Mg, Cl and Ca in the tree region suggests the diffusion of these impurities via the outer semiconductor. A high spatial correlation between K and Cl was observed.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130598753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763357
E. Balizer, J. Fedderly, D. Haught, B. Dickens, A. Dereggi
Dynamic ferroelectric switching in oriented odd nylons is of interest becai have polarizationS equal to or greater than those of PVDF [l]. The hexagonal 6’ phase obtained by quenching from the melt is known to be fern However, other polymorphs of nylon 11 have the potential of dynamic pol switching. The thermodynamically stable a phase, which occurs up01 cooling from the melt, has not yet been shown to dynamically switch. H highly plasticized oriented films of the a phase, when poled in static fields hysteresis of the 4, piezoelectric coupling constant and hence seem to ferroelectric switching [2]. Ferroel&c switching in the third polymorp phase, has not previously been investigated and is reported here.
{"title":"Deuterated ferroelectric nylon 11","authors":"E. Balizer, J. Fedderly, D. Haught, B. Dickens, A. Dereggi","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763357","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic ferroelectric switching in oriented odd nylons is of interest becai have polarizationS equal to or greater than those of PVDF [l]. The hexagonal 6’ phase obtained by quenching from the melt is known to be fern However, other polymorphs of nylon 11 have the potential of dynamic pol switching. The thermodynamically stable a phase, which occurs up01 cooling from the melt, has not yet been shown to dynamically switch. H highly plasticized oriented films of the a phase, when poled in static fields hysteresis of the 4, piezoelectric coupling constant and hence seem to ferroelectric switching [2]. Ferroel&c switching in the third polymorp phase, has not previously been investigated and is reported here.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130094623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763386
M. Tanida, I. Ishikawa, A. Yoshino, H. Sunazuka, T. Niwa
One of the latest trends for cable insulation is the need for the development of new materials with excellent heat resistance and high dielectric strength. Some of the new engineering plastics such as aromatic thermoplastics are expected to have the excellent thermal and electrical properties as the insulation materials due to its molecular structures. From the viewpoint of this context, the author investigated the properties of engineering plastics for the wire and cable which have the thinner insulation thickness than that of the conventional plastic insulation.
{"title":"Study on characteristics of new engineering plastics for wire and cable insulations","authors":"M. Tanida, I. Ishikawa, A. Yoshino, H. Sunazuka, T. Niwa","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763386","url":null,"abstract":"One of the latest trends for cable insulation is the need for the development of new materials with excellent heat resistance and high dielectric strength. Some of the new engineering plastics such as aromatic thermoplastics are expected to have the excellent thermal and electrical properties as the insulation materials due to its molecular structures. From the viewpoint of this context, the author investigated the properties of engineering plastics for the wire and cable which have the thinner insulation thickness than that of the conventional plastic insulation.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130130840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763941
C. Brosseau
{"title":"Electrical Conduction In Impregnants For All-film Power Capacitors","authors":"C. Brosseau","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763941","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117062343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763348
M. Yasuda, T. Mihori, T. Takada
High V o l t a g e power cab les u s i n g p o l y i n s u l a t i n g m a t e r i a l s have been used w i d e l y i n t r a n s m i s s i o n cab les . However, i t i s w e l l known t h a space charges a r e accumulated i n d i e l e c t r i c s unde v o l t a g e s [ l ] . The charge d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p o l y e t h y l e n e has been observed u s i n g t h e p e l e c t r o a c o u s t i c (PEA) method [ 2 ] under h i g h DC s t r e As a m a t t e r o f f a c t , power cab les a re heated by J o u l e l o s s d u r i n g i n s e r v i c e pe r iod . Then i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t e d t o t h e accumulated c d i s t r i b u t i o n a t e l e v a t e d tempera tures i s v a l u a b l e i study o f i n s u l a t i n g m a t e r i a l s . I n t h i s paper we r e p o r t t h e charge d i s t r i b u t i o n s i n h i g h d e n s i t y p o l y e t h y l e n e (500um) under h i g h DC v o l (5kV o r 10kV). The meaprementa were made tempera tures r a n g i n g f rom 40 C t o 80 C.
{"title":"Charge Accumulation i Polymeric Insulating Plat under Various Temperatures and High DC Stresse","authors":"M. Yasuda, T. Mihori, T. Takada","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763348","url":null,"abstract":"High V o l t a g e power cab les u s i n g p o l y i n s u l a t i n g m a t e r i a l s have been used w i d e l y i n t r a n s m i s s i o n cab les . However, i t i s w e l l known t h a space charges a r e accumulated i n d i e l e c t r i c s unde v o l t a g e s [ l ] . The charge d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p o l y e t h y l e n e has been observed u s i n g t h e p e l e c t r o a c o u s t i c (PEA) method [ 2 ] under h i g h DC s t r e As a m a t t e r o f f a c t , power cab les a re heated by J o u l e l o s s d u r i n g i n s e r v i c e pe r iod . Then i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t e d t o t h e accumulated c d i s t r i b u t i o n a t e l e v a t e d tempera tures i s v a l u a b l e i study o f i n s u l a t i n g m a t e r i a l s . I n t h i s paper we r e p o r t t h e charge d i s t r i b u t i o n s i n h i g h d e n s i t y p o l y e t h y l e n e (500um) under h i g h DC v o l (5kV o r 10kV). The meaprementa were made tempera tures r a n g i n g f rom 40 C t o 80 C.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122983388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763350
P. Bach, J. Pauwels, C. Le Gressus
Very high voltage rigidity is often required in a number or low pressure devices, such as travelling wave tubes, X r switching devices, spark gaps... Ceramic materials are frequent insulators in these devices, but some uncontrolled high voltagt breakdowns may occur, even in the case of high reliability devices. presents experimental results concerning ceramic insulator behav polarization. Electron trapping properties in insulators appea indicators of their high voltage breakdown capabilities. By I trapping and detrapping process, it is possible to obtain surface using a conventional scanning electron microscope. The method H investigate high voltage breakdown of alumina having an electric larger than 300 kV.cm-'.
{"title":"Dielectric characterization of ceramic mate for high voltage vacuum insulation","authors":"P. Bach, J. Pauwels, C. Le Gressus","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763350","url":null,"abstract":"Very high voltage rigidity is often required in a number or low pressure devices, such as travelling wave tubes, X r switching devices, spark gaps... Ceramic materials are frequent insulators in these devices, but some uncontrolled high voltagt breakdowns may occur, even in the case of high reliability devices. presents experimental results concerning ceramic insulator behav polarization. Electron trapping properties in insulators appea indicators of their high voltage breakdown capabilities. By I trapping and detrapping process, it is possible to obtain surface using a conventional scanning electron microscope. The method H investigate high voltage breakdown of alumina having an electric larger than 300 kV.cm-'.","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133943771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763727
Y. Wen, M. Mashikian
{"title":"Role of ionizable inert gas blankets in the evaluation of non-shielded power plant cables","authors":"Y. Wen, M. Mashikian","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763727","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134129396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-20DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763361
M. Ratra, H. Nagamani, S. Ganga
The reliability of metallised polypropy film (MPPF) capacitors can be quite high to the self healing property of the film. defects in the polypropylene (PPI however can lead to partial discharges electrochemical reaction, resulting evaporation and oxidation of metal coat and recession of the metallised e leaving clear marks on the metal1 surface . This process results in reduc in capacitance and increase in dissipa factor of the dielectric with ageing .
{"title":"Estimation of life of metallised polypropylen film capacitors","authors":"M. Ratra, H. Nagamani, S. Ganga","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1991.763361","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability of metallised polypropy film (MPPF) capacitors can be quite high to the self healing property of the film. defects in the polypropylene (PPI however can lead to partial discharges electrochemical reaction, resulting evaporation and oxidation of metal coat and recession of the metallised e leaving clear marks on the metal1 surface . This process results in reduc in capacitance and increase in dissipa factor of the dielectric with ageing .","PeriodicalId":277387,"journal":{"name":"1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121136950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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