Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206117
S. Ciochină, C. Paleologu, J. Benesty, A. Enescu
The overall performance of the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm is governed by the forgetting factor. The value of this parameter leads to a compromise between low misadjustment and stability on the one hand, and fast convergence rate and tracking on the other hand. In this paper, we analyze another important phenomenon that has to be considered when choosing the value of the forgetting factor. Considering a system identification setup, there is a “leakage” of the system noise into the output of the adaptive filter. This process is highly influenced by the value of the forgetting factor but it also depends on the length of the adaptive filter. Simulations performed in an echo cancellation configuration prove these theoretical findings.
{"title":"On the influence of the forgetting factor of the RLS adaptive filter in system identification","authors":"S. Ciochină, C. Paleologu, J. Benesty, A. Enescu","doi":"10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206117","url":null,"abstract":"The overall performance of the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm is governed by the forgetting factor. The value of this parameter leads to a compromise between low misadjustment and stability on the one hand, and fast convergence rate and tracking on the other hand. In this paper, we analyze another important phenomenon that has to be considered when choosing the value of the forgetting factor. Considering a system identification setup, there is a “leakage” of the system noise into the output of the adaptive filter. This process is highly influenced by the value of the forgetting factor but it also depends on the length of the adaptive filter. Simulations performed in an echo cancellation configuration prove these theoretical findings.","PeriodicalId":277587,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127244158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206178
Peng Chang, M. Ahmadi
This paper presents a high speed low power 4:2 compressor cell design based on Domino Logic circuits. Two circuit level optimizations of 4:2 compressors are proposed by using Split Domino Logic and Multiple-output Domino Logic. All three designed circuits are simulated using HSPICE and compared with each other in terms of delay, power consumption, power-delay product, and operation frequency. Simulation results confirm the property of the design.
{"title":"A high speed low power 4:2 compressor cell design","authors":"Peng Chang, M. Ahmadi","doi":"10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206178","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a high speed low power 4:2 compressor cell design based on Domino Logic circuits. Two circuit level optimizations of 4:2 compressors are proposed by using Split Domino Logic and Multiple-output Domino Logic. All three designed circuits are simulated using HSPICE and compared with each other in terms of delay, power consumption, power-delay product, and operation frequency. Simulation results confirm the property of the design.","PeriodicalId":277587,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124265239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206119
L. Ramezani
In this paper, a novel center frequency measurement method in an analog CMOS Gm/C band-pass filter is introduced. The purposed method is based on the measurement of stepresponse damping oscillation period which is related to over-shoot and under-shoot time difference of filter. This time difference is converted to a PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) control signal for filter automatic fine-tuning system. HSPICE simulation results in a 1MHz analog CMOS Gm/C band-pass filter are given. This new method has two advantages, First, it uses an easier to make, step test signal, instead of an exact single frequency sine test signal which is more difficult to make. Second, a simple and small analog hardware is used. It is more suitable for high-Q filters. The major drawback of our method is lower measurement accuracy in medium and low quality-factor filters.
{"title":"A center- frequency measurement method for fine-tuning in an analog CMOS Gm/C filter","authors":"L. Ramezani","doi":"10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206119","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel center frequency measurement method in an analog CMOS Gm/C band-pass filter is introduced. The purposed method is based on the measurement of stepresponse damping oscillation period which is related to over-shoot and under-shoot time difference of filter. This time difference is converted to a PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) control signal for filter automatic fine-tuning system. HSPICE simulation results in a 1MHz analog CMOS Gm/C band-pass filter are given. This new method has two advantages, First, it uses an easier to make, step test signal, instead of an exact single frequency sine test signal which is more difficult to make. Second, a simple and small analog hardware is used. It is more suitable for high-Q filters. The major drawback of our method is lower measurement accuracy in medium and low quality-factor filters.","PeriodicalId":277587,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114614280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206225
Mustafijur Rahman, K. L. Baishnab, F. Talukdar
The design and simulation of a novel CMOS voltage mode WTA (Winner-take-all) circuit is described. The circuit employs additional inhibitory and local excitatory feedback based on a common voltage computation and this improves both speed and precision drastically. As a result, a single stage cell provides better resolution in comparison to previous works where cascading of multiple stages is necessary to improve resolution. This makes the circuit suitable for systems where silicon area and power consumption are constraints. Moreover, the feedback arrangement ensures a single winner. Simulations in Cadence show that a single cell can resolve voltage differences as small as 0.5 mV in around 30ns with 1 pF load capacitance. Detailed simulation results along with appropriate mathematical relations have been provided. This circuit is a fundamental building block in the competitive layer of self organizing neural networks, non linear filters, fuzzy and neuromorphic systems.
{"title":"A high speed and high resolution VLSI Winner-take-all circuit for neural networks and fuzzy systems","authors":"Mustafijur Rahman, K. L. Baishnab, F. Talukdar","doi":"10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206225","url":null,"abstract":"The design and simulation of a novel CMOS voltage mode WTA (Winner-take-all) circuit is described. The circuit employs additional inhibitory and local excitatory feedback based on a common voltage computation and this improves both speed and precision drastically. As a result, a single stage cell provides better resolution in comparison to previous works where cascading of multiple stages is necessary to improve resolution. This makes the circuit suitable for systems where silicon area and power consumption are constraints. Moreover, the feedback arrangement ensures a single winner. Simulations in Cadence show that a single cell can resolve voltage differences as small as 0.5 mV in around 30ns with 1 pF load capacitance. Detailed simulation results along with appropriate mathematical relations have been provided. This circuit is a fundamental building block in the competitive layer of self organizing neural networks, non linear filters, fuzzy and neuromorphic systems.","PeriodicalId":277587,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116872711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206104
D. Jitca, V. Apopei, Magdalena Jitca
This paper presents an intonation description language for the prosodic control implementation into a TtS system for Romanian. The prosodic description implies the decomposing of the F0 contours into of functional elementary melodic contours sequences. In our view the accentual units are considered as elementary melodic contours because they contain elementary tonal contrasts to which labels with communicative signification may be assigned. After the label set presentation from the third section, in the fourth section we exemplify how our description language could be used to annotate and generate the F0 contours.
{"title":"Intonation description language for the prosodic control in a TtS system for Romanian","authors":"D. Jitca, V. Apopei, Magdalena Jitca","doi":"10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206104","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an intonation description language for the prosodic control implementation into a TtS system for Romanian. The prosodic description implies the decomposing of the F0 contours into of functional elementary melodic contours sequences. In our view the accentual units are considered as elementary melodic contours because they contain elementary tonal contrasts to which labels with communicative signification may be assigned. After the label set presentation from the third section, in the fourth section we exemplify how our description language could be used to annotate and generate the F0 contours.","PeriodicalId":277587,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116251762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206094
N. Alexandru, F. Diaconu
This paper investigates a family of improved Nyquist filters derived from a modified piece-wise rectangular frequency characteristic. They produce a family of ISI-free pulses with an asymptotic decay rate of t−2 that shows comparable or better ISI performance with regard to some recently proposed pulses. The frequency characteristic is composed of twelve linear segments, each defined by two points. The coordinate of the points are selected in order for the filter to result in a minimum value of the probability of error when sampled with a small time offset. The results are comparable or outperform the polynomial pulse [4] taken as a reference.
{"title":"Improved Nyquist filter with piece-wise linear transfer characteristic","authors":"N. Alexandru, F. Diaconu","doi":"10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206094","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates a family of improved Nyquist filters derived from a modified piece-wise rectangular frequency characteristic. They produce a family of ISI-free pulses with an asymptotic decay rate of t−2 that shows comparable or better ISI performance with regard to some recently proposed pulses. The frequency characteristic is composed of twelve linear segments, each defined by two points. The coordinate of the points are selected in order for the filter to result in a minimum value of the probability of error when sampled with a small time offset. The results are comparable or outperform the polynomial pulse [4] taken as a reference.","PeriodicalId":277587,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117247939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206163
V. Munteanu, D. Tarniceriu, G. Zaharia
We analyze the lossless compression for a large class of discrete complete and memoryless sources performed by a generalized Huffman with an alphabet consisting of M letters. Given the number of source messages, N, the alphabet size, M, and the number of code words, p, on each level in the graph, excepting the last two ones, we have determined the unknown encoding parameters, that is, the number n of the levels in the encoding graph, the number q of code words on the level n-1, the number k of groups of M nodes, and the remaining m nodes on the last level. The average code word length is also computed. Two extreme cases, when p=0 and p=M-1 have been analyzed.
本文分析了由M个字母组成的字母表的广义霍夫曼算法对一类大离散完全无记忆源的无损压缩。给定图中除最后两层外的每一层的源消息数N、字母表大小M和编码字数p，我们确定了未知的编码参数，即编码图中的层数N, N -1层的码字数q, M个节点的组数k，以及最后一层的M个节点。平均码字长度也被计算出来。分析了p=0和p=M-1两种极端情况。
{"title":"Analysis of lossless compression for a large class of sources of information","authors":"V. Munteanu, D. Tarniceriu, G. Zaharia","doi":"10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206163","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the lossless compression for a large class of discrete complete and memoryless sources performed by a generalized Huffman with an alphabet consisting of M letters. Given the number of source messages, N, the alphabet size, M, and the number of code words, p, on each level in the graph, excepting the last two ones, we have determined the unknown encoding parameters, that is, the number n of the levels in the encoding graph, the number q of code words on the level n-1, the number k of groups of M nodes, and the remaining m nodes on the last level. The average code word length is also computed. Two extreme cases, when p=0 and p=M-1 have been analyzed.","PeriodicalId":277587,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128952493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206177
Linlin Zhang, V. Fresse, Mohammed A. S. Khalid, D. Houzet, M. Ahmadi, A. Legrand, Viktor Fischer
An efficient Network on Chip (NoC) is proposed for the data communication of multispectral image analysis algorithms on an adaptive architecture. A Butterfly Fat Tree (BFT) topology is used in this NoC on FPGA. Since there are large amount of data with different sizes in the NoC, Virtual Channels (VC) with flit packet-switching is chosen. Two versions of the NoC are presented in this paper. The results of the implementations on Altera StratixII and Xilinx Virtex4 are analyzed. It is shown that the required resources are similar but the frequency on Xilinx is much faster than on Altera.
{"title":"Evaluation of NoC dedicated to multispectral image data communication","authors":"Linlin Zhang, V. Fresse, Mohammed A. S. Khalid, D. Houzet, M. Ahmadi, A. Legrand, Viktor Fischer","doi":"10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206177","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient Network on Chip (NoC) is proposed for the data communication of multispectral image analysis algorithms on an adaptive architecture. A Butterfly Fat Tree (BFT) topology is used in this NoC on FPGA. Since there are large amount of data with different sizes in the NoC, Virtual Channels (VC) with flit packet-switching is chosen. Two versions of the NoC are presented in this paper. The results of the implementations on Altera StratixII and Xilinx Virtex4 are analyzed. It is shown that the required resources are similar but the frequency on Xilinx is much faster than on Altera.","PeriodicalId":277587,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126225004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206220
E. Gudmundson, A. Jakobsson, P. Stoica
Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is a radio frequency spectroscopic technique that can be used to detect solid-state compounds containing quadrupolar nuclei, a requirement fulfilled by most high explosives (and narcotics). In this paper, we present an overview of recent research in the detection of explosives using this technique. We also present mathematical models for the data for different acquistion techniques and discuss different state of the art detection algorithms. Finally, we evaluate various algorithms on measured and simulated NQR data.
{"title":"NQR-based explosives detection—an overview","authors":"E. Gudmundson, A. Jakobsson, P. Stoica","doi":"10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206220","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is a radio frequency spectroscopic technique that can be used to detect solid-state compounds containing quadrupolar nuclei, a requirement fulfilled by most high explosives (and narcotics). In this paper, we present an overview of recent research in the detection of explosives using this technique. We also present mathematical models for the data for different acquistion techniques and discuss different state of the art detection algorithms. Finally, we evaluate various algorithms on measured and simulated NQR data.","PeriodicalId":277587,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116108462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-09DOI: 10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206170
M. Takhti, A. Beirami, H. Shamsi
In this paper a new method for the design automation of the folded-cascode operational amplifier is proposed. In this method the design of the amplifier is introduced as a multiobjective optimization strategy and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is utilized for solving the optimization problem in CMOS technology. The proposed method is a model free algorithm and doesn't need the accurate analytic formulas of the amplifier. It provides a set of solutions rather than a single solution and reveals the trade-offs between the conflicting objectives.
{"title":"Multi-objective design automation of the folded-cascode OP-AMP using NSGA-II Strategy","authors":"M. Takhti, A. Beirami, H. Shamsi","doi":"10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206170","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a new method for the design automation of the folded-cascode operational amplifier is proposed. In this method the design of the amplifier is introduced as a multiobjective optimization strategy and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is utilized for solving the optimization problem in CMOS technology. The proposed method is a model free algorithm and doesn't need the accurate analytic formulas of the amplifier. It provides a set of solutions rather than a single solution and reveals the trade-offs between the conflicting objectives.","PeriodicalId":277587,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121414734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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