This study employed a gaseous SO3 falling filem sulphonation process, using modified alcohol polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene ether (M-AEO-2) bearing terminal propylene oxide (PO) units as the raw material. It successfully synthesized a novel modified anionic surfactant-modified fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulphate sodium salt (M-AES). Through systematic investigation of key sulfation parameters-including the molar ratio of SO3/M-AEO-2, SO3 concentration, and reaction temperature-optimal process conditions were established: a molar ratio of 1.02:1, SO3 concentration of 2.6 vol%, and reaction temperature of 40℃. Under these conditions, sulfation degree reached 99 %, while dioxane by-product residue was controlled at a low level of 22 ppm. Furthermore, the structure of the product M-AES (modified fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene–polyoxypropylene ether sulfate) was characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) A comprehensive evaluation of M-AES physicochemical properties was conducted. Results indicate the product exhibits an exceptionally low Krafft point (<10℃) alongside outstanding low-temperature solubility (45 g/100 mL), coupled with remarkable surface activity (surface tension at the critical micelle concentration of 29.67 mN/m). Its emulsification stability is equally noteworthy, with soybean oil emulsion separation time extended to 19 min. Comparative tests on wetting properties, salt tolerance and detergency demonstrated M-AES superiority over conventional AES (fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate).
These exceptional characteristics indicate M-AES holds broad application prospects in low-temperature detergents,heavy-duty cleaning systems and other environmentally friendly formulations, serving as a high-performance alternative to traditional alcohol ether sulphates.
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