Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/mjab.2019.117352
S. Draz, S. Khalil, K. Hussain
{"title":"EVALUATION OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS ON TOXICITY INDUCED BY SOME HEAVY METALS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS","authors":"S. Draz, S. Khalil, K. Hussain","doi":"10.21608/mjab.2019.117352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjab.2019.117352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280782,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125385569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/mjab.2019.117354
R. A. Eissa, A. Fahmi, A. M. El-Zanaty
{"title":"GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF SOME TRICHODERMA ISOLATES AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT","authors":"R. A. Eissa, A. Fahmi, A. M. El-Zanaty","doi":"10.21608/mjab.2019.117354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjab.2019.117354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280782,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129875689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/mjab.2019.117345
W. Mahmoud, A. Elbeltagy, Hanaa A. Koura, S. F. F. Allah
Fruits peels, an agricultural waste discarded in huge amounts, were effectively fractionated into its oligosaccharides composition to dedicate their added values utilization. Four fruits peels (Banana, Watermelon, Orange and Mango) were studied. The starch, pectin, hemicellulose, celluloses, lignin and proteins fractions were determined in terms of dry weights percentages for these peels. Mango peels showed the highest oligosaccharides levels, even lignin content was highest by 17.25%. Also, banana peels showed high oligosaccharides levels with the lowest level of lignin by 4.82%. Lab-scale bioreactor was carried out for enzymes production and saccharifaction, the banana and mango peels were released the greatest saccharified pentose and hexose sugars, the total fermentable sugars were 27.77 and 21.13 g.l-1, respectively. Cofermentation were conducted by selected yeast strain belong to Kluyveromyces marxianus to contribute previously sexual regenerative Saccharomyces cerevisiae for bioethanol co-production. As expected, co-fermentation increased the productivity by more than 18%, the substantial bioethanol yield were observed by saccharifed banana peels with 10.74 g.l-1, the adding of CaO lead finally to 97.5 wt % of pure bioethanol by duplicate the distillation process. The reaction molar ratio of cocked oil to ethyl acetate were established by 0.1, 0.125, 0.2, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mol.mol-1 respectively. The highest reaction conversion was attained at temperature reaction of 60 °C, molar ratio of oil to ethyl acetate at 1 : 6 ratio (0.17 mol.mol-1) within 6 hours of reaction time, and catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt %.
{"title":"BIOTECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON BIOFUEL PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES","authors":"W. Mahmoud, A. Elbeltagy, Hanaa A. Koura, S. F. F. Allah","doi":"10.21608/mjab.2019.117345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjab.2019.117345","url":null,"abstract":"Fruits peels, an agricultural waste discarded in huge amounts, were effectively fractionated into its oligosaccharides composition to dedicate their added values utilization. Four fruits peels (Banana, Watermelon, Orange and Mango) were studied. The starch, pectin, hemicellulose, celluloses, lignin and proteins fractions were determined in terms of dry weights percentages for these peels. Mango peels showed the highest oligosaccharides levels, even lignin content was highest by 17.25%. Also, banana peels showed high oligosaccharides levels with the lowest level of lignin by 4.82%. Lab-scale bioreactor was carried out for enzymes production and saccharifaction, the banana and mango peels were released the greatest saccharified pentose and hexose sugars, the total fermentable sugars were 27.77 and 21.13 g.l-1, respectively. Cofermentation were conducted by selected yeast strain belong to Kluyveromyces marxianus to contribute previously sexual regenerative Saccharomyces cerevisiae for bioethanol co-production. As expected, co-fermentation increased the productivity by more than 18%, the substantial bioethanol yield were observed by saccharifed banana peels with 10.74 g.l-1, the adding of CaO lead finally to 97.5 wt % of pure bioethanol by duplicate the distillation process. The reaction molar ratio of cocked oil to ethyl acetate were established by 0.1, 0.125, 0.2, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mol.mol-1 respectively. The highest reaction conversion was attained at temperature reaction of 60 °C, molar ratio of oil to ethyl acetate at 1 : 6 ratio (0.17 mol.mol-1) within 6 hours of reaction time, and catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt %.","PeriodicalId":280782,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122925549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/mjab.2019.117343
S. Hassab, Medhat Mostafa Abozid, S. M. Abd El-Gwad, Alim Al Ayub Ahmed, A. El-Shikh
The Egyptian cotton leaf worm is considered the major pest that causes great damage to cotton plants as well as other vegetable crops in Egypt. Great efforts have been made to control this pest chemically. Insecticides of synthetic origin have been used to manage insect pests for more than 50 years. Due to the continuous use of chemical pesticides against this pest, resistance to the action of pesticides had dramatically evolved. This study was planned to identify the phenolic compounds in ethanol extracts of fenugreek and yellow lupine, on the other hand, investigate the effect of water and alcoholic extracts of fenugreek and yellow lupine on the biochemical responses of the 4th instar larvae of cotton leaf worm. In our study a recommended pesticide namely chlorpyrifos (dursban) was used as a reference. Our results indicated that seven compounds were detected in two ethanolic extracts; gallic acid (164.409 mg /ml) was the major component in fenugreek extract, while catechin was (113.705 mg /ml) the major phenolic compound in yellow lupine extract. All tested extracts showed a significant deterioration in biochemical parameters (GOT, GPT, ALP, ACP activities and total protein levels). The 10 % concentration was the best in both plants extracts, while the ethanolic extract of the fenugreek was the most effective of all the extracts used in the experiment. So, we recommended by using fenugreek and yellow lupine extracts as insecticides to control the cotton leaf worm.
{"title":"EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF YELLOW LUPINE AND FENUGREEK EXTRACTS ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON COTTON LEAF WORM","authors":"S. Hassab, Medhat Mostafa Abozid, S. M. Abd El-Gwad, Alim Al Ayub Ahmed, A. El-Shikh","doi":"10.21608/mjab.2019.117343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjab.2019.117343","url":null,"abstract":"The Egyptian cotton leaf worm is considered the major pest that causes great damage to cotton plants as well as other vegetable crops in Egypt. Great efforts have been made to control this pest chemically. Insecticides of synthetic origin have been used to manage insect pests for more than 50 years. Due to the continuous use of chemical pesticides against this pest, resistance to the action of pesticides had dramatically evolved. This study was planned to identify the phenolic compounds in ethanol extracts of fenugreek and yellow lupine, on the other hand, investigate the effect of water and alcoholic extracts of fenugreek and yellow lupine on the biochemical responses of the 4th instar larvae of cotton leaf worm. In our study a recommended pesticide namely chlorpyrifos (dursban) was used as a reference. Our results indicated that seven compounds were detected in two ethanolic extracts; gallic acid (164.409 mg /ml) was the major component in fenugreek extract, while catechin was (113.705 mg /ml) the major phenolic compound in yellow lupine extract. All tested extracts showed a significant deterioration in biochemical parameters (GOT, GPT, ALP, ACP activities and total protein levels). The 10 % concentration was the best in both plants extracts, while the ethanolic extract of the fenugreek was the most effective of all the extracts used in the experiment. So, we recommended by using fenugreek and yellow lupine extracts as insecticides to control the cotton leaf worm.","PeriodicalId":280782,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130787958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.21608/mjab.2019.117147
F. M. El-Shuony, S. A. El-Kadousy, Medhat Mostafa Abozid
{"title":"BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOME PLANT OILS.","authors":"F. M. El-Shuony, S. A. El-Kadousy, Medhat Mostafa Abozid","doi":"10.21608/mjab.2019.117147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjab.2019.117147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280782,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127350661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.21608/mjab.2019.117145
M. Shabana, Medhat Mostafa Abozid, S. A. El-Kadousy, F. M. El-Shuony
Oils are a very important component in different diets, which makes it important for researchers to constantly search for a variety of sources of these oils that are acceptable to consumers on the one hand and are characterized by high nutritional value and storage properties on the other hand. This study was carried out to determine physical properties of linseed, soybean and walnut oils (Refractive index, color, specific gravity) as well as chemical properties (Acid value, saponification value, ester value, iodine value and peroxide value). The percentage of unsaponifiable matter and stability induction period at 100◦C were also estimated. To determine the nutritional value of these oils, both their fatty acid content (assessed by the gas chromatography apparatus) and sterol content (assessed by GC-MS). Physical properties of linseed, soybean or walnut oils showed that; refractive index were 1.48, 1.47 and 1.84, respectively, while color (red) intensity were 9.5, 3.5 and 2.6, respectively and specific gravity were 0.93, 0.92 and 0.92, respectively. On the other hand, chemical properties of linseed, soybean or walnut oils showed that; saponification value were 192, 191 and 190.73(mg KOH/g oil), respectively, while acid value were 0.87, 0.27 and 0.79 (mg KOH/g oil), respectively, and iodine value were 175, 128 and 145 (g I2/100 g oil), respectively, finally, peroxide value were 1.95, 0.77 and 1.31 (Meq oxygen/Kg), respectively. Alpha linolenic acid was the major fatty acid in linseed oil (60.21%), while linoleic acid was the main fatty acid in both, soybean oil (52.83%) and walnut oil (61.85%). β-sitosterol was the main sterol in the linseed, soybean or walnut oils (54.72, 40.13 and 76.85%, respectively). As shown by the results, the three studied oils showed high content of essential fatty acids, (both omega3 and omega-6), making them promising oils to support diets with essential fatty acids.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE THREE IMPORTANT PLANT OILS FOUND IN EGYPT","authors":"M. Shabana, Medhat Mostafa Abozid, S. A. El-Kadousy, F. M. El-Shuony","doi":"10.21608/mjab.2019.117145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjab.2019.117145","url":null,"abstract":"Oils are a very important component in different diets, which makes it important for researchers to constantly search for a variety of sources of these oils that are acceptable to consumers on the one hand and are characterized by high nutritional value and storage properties on the other hand. This study was carried out to determine physical properties of linseed, soybean and walnut oils (Refractive index, color, specific gravity) as well as chemical properties (Acid value, saponification value, ester value, iodine value and peroxide value). The percentage of unsaponifiable matter and stability induction period at 100◦C were also estimated. To determine the nutritional value of these oils, both their fatty acid content (assessed by the gas chromatography apparatus) and sterol content (assessed by GC-MS). Physical properties of linseed, soybean or walnut oils showed that; refractive index were 1.48, 1.47 and 1.84, respectively, while color (red) intensity were 9.5, 3.5 and 2.6, respectively and specific gravity were 0.93, 0.92 and 0.92, respectively. On the other hand, chemical properties of linseed, soybean or walnut oils showed that; saponification value were 192, 191 and 190.73(mg KOH/g oil), respectively, while acid value were 0.87, 0.27 and 0.79 (mg KOH/g oil), respectively, and iodine value were 175, 128 and 145 (g I2/100 g oil), respectively, finally, peroxide value were 1.95, 0.77 and 1.31 (Meq oxygen/Kg), respectively. Alpha linolenic acid was the major fatty acid in linseed oil (60.21%), while linoleic acid was the main fatty acid in both, soybean oil (52.83%) and walnut oil (61.85%). β-sitosterol was the main sterol in the linseed, soybean or walnut oils (54.72, 40.13 and 76.85%, respectively). As shown by the results, the three studied oils showed high content of essential fatty acids, (both omega3 and omega-6), making them promising oils to support diets with essential fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":280782,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116244327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.21608/mjab.2019.116390
K. Hussain, Samia M. Khaleil, F. A. El-Salam
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Moringa leaves extracts for treatment the toxicity by Lead in rats. Lead toxicity often to various clinical conditions, Batteries, power cables, computer, water pipes, found in petroleum oil, coal and tobacco. Moringa leaves were found to contain antioxidants. (237.1 mg/g) phenols and (141.7 mg/g) flavones. Phenols were found to contain 23 phenolic compounds, vanillic, salicylic, and Catechins phenols are present in large amounts. Exposure to Lead increased the activity of liver enzymes AST, ALT and ALP while the level of albumin was decreased there is a significant increase in the level of urea and creatinine. The addition of the water and acetone extracts reduced the harmful effect of lead poisoning the treatment with Moringa leaf extracts improved the activity of antioxidant parameters (SOD,CAT and MDA),and decrease in the accumulation of lead in both liver and brain in the experimental rats.
{"title":"EFFECT OF MORINGA LEAVES EXTRACTS AGAINST POISONED BY PB IN RATS","authors":"K. Hussain, Samia M. Khaleil, F. A. El-Salam","doi":"10.21608/mjab.2019.116390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjab.2019.116390","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Moringa leaves extracts for treatment the toxicity by Lead in rats. Lead toxicity often to various clinical conditions, Batteries, power cables, computer, water pipes, found in petroleum oil, coal and tobacco. Moringa leaves were found to contain antioxidants. (237.1 mg/g) phenols and (141.7 mg/g) flavones. Phenols were found to contain 23 phenolic compounds, vanillic, salicylic, and Catechins phenols are present in large amounts. Exposure to Lead increased the activity of liver enzymes AST, ALT and ALP while the level of albumin was decreased there is a significant increase in the level of urea and creatinine. The addition of the water and acetone extracts reduced the harmful effect of lead poisoning the treatment with Moringa leaf extracts improved the activity of antioxidant parameters (SOD,CAT and MDA),and decrease in the accumulation of lead in both liver and brain in the experimental rats.","PeriodicalId":280782,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114584864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.21608/mjab.2018.123938
M. Belal, Samah M. M. Eldemery, Y. Khidr, K. Abdellatif
Four Egyptian faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties ("Giza843", "Giza716", “Misr1” and “Sakha1”) have been evaluated under heat and drought stresses using seventeen morphological traits and total protein content. Analysis of variance of the morphological trait revealed highly significant differences among treatments and genotypes for all studied traits and the interaction between genotypes and treatment was also significant. Both varieties "Giza716" and "Giza843" gave the highest means for most of the morphological traits. The control treatment surpass all the other treatments in the most of the morphological traits. The lowest significant means were obtained from the heat with drought treatment while the effect of heat on the morphological traits was less than the effect of drought stress. According to the cluster analysis of both morphological and biochemical data, the varieties "Giza716" and "Giza843" were clustered together on one group where the varieties “Misr1” and “Sakha1” were clustered in another group. A protein band of molecular weight of about 76 kDa was noticed in the protein pattern of the variety "Giza716" (heat with drought treatment) and of about 100 kDa was obtained in the protein pattern of the variety "Giza843" (heat with drought treatment). The morphological and biochemical parameters along with susceptibility test revealed that "Giza716" and "Giza843" appeared to be tolerant for drought and heat. However “Misr1” and “Sakha1” varieties appeared to be susceptible.
{"title":"MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY AND RESPONSE OF EGYPTIAN FABA BEAN TO HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESSES","authors":"M. Belal, Samah M. M. Eldemery, Y. Khidr, K. Abdellatif","doi":"10.21608/mjab.2018.123938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjab.2018.123938","url":null,"abstract":"Four Egyptian faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties (\"Giza843\", \"Giza716\", “Misr1” and “Sakha1”) have been evaluated under heat and drought stresses using seventeen morphological traits and total protein content. Analysis of variance of the morphological trait revealed highly significant differences among treatments and genotypes for all studied traits and the interaction between genotypes and treatment was also significant. Both varieties \"Giza716\" and \"Giza843\" gave the highest means for most of the morphological traits. The control treatment surpass all the other treatments in the most of the morphological traits. The lowest significant means were obtained from the heat with drought treatment while the effect of heat on the morphological traits was less than the effect of drought stress. According to the cluster analysis of both morphological and biochemical data, the varieties \"Giza716\" and \"Giza843\" were clustered together on one group where the varieties “Misr1” and “Sakha1” were clustered in another group. A protein band of molecular weight of about 76 kDa was noticed in the protein pattern of the variety \"Giza716\" (heat with drought treatment) and of about 100 kDa was obtained in the protein pattern of the variety \"Giza843\" (heat with drought treatment). The morphological and biochemical parameters along with susceptibility test revealed that \"Giza716\" and \"Giza843\" appeared to be tolerant for drought and heat. However “Misr1” and “Sakha1” varieties appeared to be susceptible.","PeriodicalId":280782,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133458253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.21608/mjab.2018.123934
H. Awaad, Z. Attia, K. S. A. lateif, M. Gomaa, Ghada Abaza
The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inchas, Egypt. The aim of this study was to induce genetic variability in Sids 12, Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 9 wheat cultivars using Gamma ray, LASER beams and Ethyl Methan Sulphonate. Field studies were conducted on M1, M2 and M3 generations. Bulked M3 mutants were evaluated during growing 2013/2014 season for performance and genetic variability of morpho-physiological and yield characters. The most promising M3 mutants derived from mother cultivar Sids 12 were Sd-12 0.3EMS and Sd-12 0.4EMS for high grain yield, no. of spikes/plant, flag leaf chlorophyll content, flag leaf area and spike length with moderate plant height. Whereas, the most promising populations derived from mother cultivar Sakha 94 were Sk-94 350 Gy, Sk-94 400 Gy and Sk-94 2hr LASER for grain yield and its components, flag leaf chlorophyll content, spike length. Furthermore, those obtained from Gemmieza 9 were Gm-9 0.3EMS for grain yield and its components, flag leaf area, flag leaf chlorophyll content, plant height and spike length. Maximum estimates of phenotypic (PCV), genotypic (GCV) and environmental (ECV) coefficients of variability were detected for No. of spikes/ plant followed by grain yield/plant and then No. of grains/spike in both Sids 12 and Sakha 94 as well as No. of grains/spike followed by grain yield/plant and flag leaf area. Heritability estimates in the broad sense in M3 generation varied from moderate to high for grain yield/plant and its contributing characters. The genetic advance was high for No. of grains/ spike and ranged from low to moderate for the remaining yield contributing characters in the three mutant cultivars. The cluster analysis based on the mean performance of grain yield/plant grouped wheat genotypes into three main clusters at 95% similarity. Interestingly, the derived mutants were clustered in separate groups than their mother cultivars (Sids 12, Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 9). These results confirm the efficiency of the mutagens to induce genetic variations.
{"title":"GENETIC IMPROVEMENT ASSESSMENT OF MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND YIELD CHARACTERS IN M3 MUTANTS OF BREAD WHEAT","authors":"H. Awaad, Z. Attia, K. S. A. lateif, M. Gomaa, Ghada Abaza","doi":"10.21608/mjab.2018.123934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjab.2018.123934","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inchas, Egypt. The aim of this study was to induce genetic variability in Sids 12, Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 9 wheat cultivars using Gamma ray, LASER beams and Ethyl Methan Sulphonate. Field studies were conducted on M1, M2 and M3 generations. Bulked M3 mutants were evaluated during growing 2013/2014 season for performance and genetic variability of morpho-physiological and yield characters. The most promising M3 mutants derived from mother cultivar Sids 12 were Sd-12 0.3EMS and Sd-12 0.4EMS for high grain yield, no. of spikes/plant, flag leaf chlorophyll content, flag leaf area and spike length with moderate plant height. Whereas, the most promising populations derived from mother cultivar Sakha 94 were Sk-94 350 Gy, Sk-94 400 Gy and Sk-94 2hr LASER for grain yield and its components, flag leaf chlorophyll content, spike length. Furthermore, those obtained from Gemmieza 9 were Gm-9 0.3EMS for grain yield and its components, flag leaf area, flag leaf chlorophyll content, plant height and spike length. Maximum estimates of phenotypic (PCV), genotypic (GCV) and environmental (ECV) coefficients of variability were detected for No. of spikes/ plant followed by grain yield/plant and then No. of grains/spike in both Sids 12 and Sakha 94 as well as No. of grains/spike followed by grain yield/plant and flag leaf area. Heritability estimates in the broad sense in M3 generation varied from moderate to high for grain yield/plant and its contributing characters. The genetic advance was high for No. of grains/ spike and ranged from low to moderate for the remaining yield contributing characters in the three mutant cultivars. The cluster analysis based on the mean performance of grain yield/plant grouped wheat genotypes into three main clusters at 95% similarity. Interestingly, the derived mutants were clustered in separate groups than their mother cultivars (Sids 12, Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 9). These results confirm the efficiency of the mutagens to induce genetic variations.","PeriodicalId":280782,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128131025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.21608/mjab.2018.123945
Khalil A. El-Halafawy, R. A. Eissa, H. Hamza, A. Fahmi
Trichoderma fungi produce economically important cellulases that comprise three key enzymes; endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β-glucosidases. In this study, a total of 28 isolates from Nile Delta were analyzed. The objectives were: 1) species identification of isolates, 2) evaluation of strains' cellulases production in submerged (SmF) and solid state (SSF) fermentation systems, 3) improve strains' cellulases production by mutagenesis and 4) enhance production of strains' cellulases through protoplast fusion and genome shuffling. On the basis of morphological characterization and molecular identification by DNA sequences analysis of ITS region, isolates were identified to species level as strains. 11 strains were chosen because of their unique properties in cellulase screening tests and they were investigated for the production of cellulases in SmF and rice straw SSF cultures. According to detailed examinations of culture filtrates, four promising strains were selected and subjected to genetic improvement through mutagenesis. Nine produced mutants showed better cellulases production than their parents. Moreover, the protoplast fusion of the nine mutants produced stable fusants that showed a marked increase in cellulase production over their mutant parents and original wild-type parents. Finally, genome shuffling of Trichoderma cells produced strains were higher than their original wild-type parents in cellulase production.
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