Combustion and Flame最新文献

{"title":"Study on the effectiveness and mechanism of antioxidant synergistic compounds in inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion","authors":"Yujia Huo ,&nbsp;Xin He ,&nbsp;Xin Huang ,&nbsp;Hongqing Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming to address the limitations of traditional mine inhibitors, including low inhibition efficiency and insufficient responsiveness, an antioxidant synergistic composite inhibitor (P&amp;C) was developed. First, water was selected as the solvent, magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) as the physical inhibitor, dibutyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) as the primary antioxidant, triphenyl phosphite (TPPI) as the auxiliary antioxidant, and polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as the functional additive. Subsequently, the composite formulation was optimized using response surface methodology, and the inhibition performance of P&amp;C was evaluated through synchronous thermal analysis, crossing-point temperature experiments, and low-temperature oxidation tests. Finally, the synergistic inhibition mechanism of P&amp;C was investigated via quantum chemical calculations, supported by moisture absorption and retention experiments, BET analysis, in situ infrared spectroscopy, and in situ EPR experiments. The results indicate that the optimal inhibition effect was achieved when the concentrations of MgCl₂, BHT, TPPI, and PEG-400 are 10.26%, 3.15%, 2.09%, and 0.58%, respectively. P&amp;C can significantly increase the crossing point temperature (CPT), characteristic temperature points, and apparent activation energy while reducing heat release, and the inhibition rate is notably higher than that of the conventional inhibitor CaCl₂. Mechanism analysis reveals that MgCl₂ suppresses oxygen diffusion through moisture absorption, cooling, and pore blockage; BHT and TPPI inhibit the chain reaction of coal spontaneous combustion by scavenging free radicals and decomposing peroxides; and PEG-400 enhances the dispersion and permeability of the components in P&amp;C. The P&amp;C system forms a synergistic physical–chemical inhibition effect: physical inhibition provides reaction time for chemical inhibition, while chemical inhibition maintains the stability of the physical inhibition layer. These findings offer new insights into the development of high-efficiency composite inhibitors and hold significant application potential for mine fire prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114796"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning energy release in boron-based energetic composites via gradient thickness control of surface fluoride layer by in situ polymerization","authors":"Hongxia Zhang,&nbsp;Yaozhong Ran,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhou,&nbsp;Jiawang Shuang,&nbsp;Jiaru Zhang,&nbsp;Fei Xiao,&nbsp;Chongwei An,&nbsp;Zhongliang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boron powder exhibits exceptionally high gravimetric and volumetric calorific values, granting boron-rich propellants a significantly higher theoretical specific impulse compared to conventional hydrocarbon-based fuels. However, its practical application is severely limited by difficult ignition and incomplete combustion, resulting from the inherent oxide layer on the boron surface. Addressing these combustion inefficiencies is therefore critical. In this work, a series of modified B@FP composites with gradient fluoropolymer coating thicknesses were successfully synthesized through in situ polymerization of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl acrylate (FOA) onto boron powder, where the coating mass was precisely tailored by varying the FOA monomer concentration. The surface morphology, elemental distribution, chemical composition, and hydrophobicity of the B@FP composites were comprehensively characterized. Their oxidation behavior, ignition performance, and combustion dynamics were further investigated. The results indicate that the fluoropolymer coating significantly reduces the ignition temperature of boron while increasing both the combustion heat and total exothermic enthalpy. Moreover, in combustion systems with ammonium perchlorate (AP) as oxidizer, the B@FP-1/AP mixture demonstrated higher combustion temperatures and a more vigorous reaction. Ultimately, the effect of the modified boron composites on the combustion performance of composite propellants was thoroughly evaluated, providing valuable insights for enhancing energy release efficiency in boron-containing propellant systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114784"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burning velocity and burn time via particle image velocimetry and modeling for aluminum dust flames","authors":"Vidhan S. Malik ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Pfützner ,&nbsp;Brian T. Bojko ,&nbsp;Vadim N. Gamezo ,&nbsp;Michael J. Soo ,&nbsp;Brian T. Fisher","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal fuels are theoretically predicted to outperform conventional fuels such as methane and fossil fuels due to their higher energy density content. This paper seeks to quantify combustion properties of aluminum dust such as particle burning velocity, particle burn length, and particle burn time. The experimental work consists of stabilizing an aluminum-air flame in a counter-flow configuration to provide quasi-1D flame measurements. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is used to extract time and length scales of interest. The results show that the gaseous flame speed increases with particle concentration from 0.2 m/s at 300 g/m³ to 0.5 m/s at 700 g/m³ while the particle burn time decreases from ∼4 ms to ∼2 ms and the particle burn length remains almost constant at ∼2–2.5 mm. The experimental results are analyzed using a 1D theoretical model describing particle ignition and combustion stability. A second model analyzes particle-particle interaction relative to powder concentration to reveal that a certain level of particle proximity is required for sustained flames, defined by the overlap of air spheres that surround particles. The 1D modeling results are further developed to incorporate stochastic diameters and spatial positioning in a 3D model where results reflect a non-zero probability of competition for oxygen at all concentration values signifying the importance of intermediate radicals such as AlO and radiation heat transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114795"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational fluid dynamics analysis of flame dynamics in partial gravity environments in a rotating centrifuge","authors":"Ankit Sharma ,&nbsp;Arland Zatania Lojo ,&nbsp;Ya-Ting T. Liao ,&nbsp;Paul V. Ferkul ,&nbsp;Michael C. Johnston","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The safety of spacecraft and crew members is a critical concern for space research and exploration missions. It is already known that fire hazards in a microgravity environment present unique challenges, primarily due to the absence of buoyancy, which significantly alters fire behavior. The NASA’s Artemis program, which aims to send humans to the Moon, introduces a new set of challenges due to the Moon partial gravity compared to the Earth. This necessitates a better understanding of fire behavior in partial gravity conditions. However, conducting experiments in true partial gravity environments is challenging, and the use of centrifuges to create artificial partial gravity introduces complications, including the Coriolis force and limitations in chamber size. Consequently, there have been limited studies on flame dynamics in partial gravity. To address these challenges, this research employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques to investigate flame behavior in a partial gravity environment created by a rotating centrifuge. The numerical model is validated against NASA's previous experiments and provides information on the effects of the Coriolis force and flow recirculation in the chamber. The analysis reveals that the interaction between buoyancy, Coriolis force, and flow recirculation plays a significant role in flame behavior. The flame tilt angle observed in both the experiments and the numerical results is caused by the combined effects of these forces and their variations along the flame length. In conclusion, this research contributes to our understanding of how flames behave in partial gravity environments created by rotating centrifuges. It emphasizes the complexity of flame dynamics in such conditions and provides valuable insights for future centrifuge experiments, with the goal of improving space exploration safety and understanding flame behavior in unique partial gravity environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114808"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct NO removal driven by dielectric barrier discharge: An experimental and kinetic modeling study","authors":"Menglei Zheng ,&nbsp;Yong Bao ,&nbsp;Xianhui Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitigating nitrogen oxide (NO_x) pollution remains a formidable challenge amid the continued utilization of fossil fuels and the emergence of zero-carbon ammonia energy. Unlike the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR), which require additional additives to remove NO, this study integrates experimental measurements and kinetic simulations to investigate the direct removal of NO driven by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). A two-zone DBD platform is designed, and experimental studies are conducted for the NO/Ar system. The experimental results demonstrate that, in the absence of additives (e.g., NH₃, O₂), the system achieves 98 % NO removal efficiency, and an N₂/O₂ selectivity greater than 90 %. Furthermore, it is found that increasing the voltage is more effective in enhancing the removal of NO than increasing the number of plasma-reaction-zones. The rate constants of electron collision reactions are calculated by Bolsig⁺ solver, while those for the excited-state species are derived from the semi-empirical models such as the Fridman-Macheret <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-model and the Schwartz-Slawsky Herzfeld (SSH) model. Ultimately, a kinetic model for the removal of NO by plasma is developed to reveal the reaction kinetics of NO removal under various conditions. Kinetic analysis show that electron collisions drive the Ar/NO to generate excited-state species (e.g., NO (ele), NO (vib), and NO⁺). Through plasma-related reactions, such as dissociative quenching reaction (Ar^⁎ + NO = Ar + N + O) and dissociative recombination reaction (e + NO⁺ = N + O), N and O atoms are generated thereby converted into N₂ and O₂ through ground-state chemical reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114790"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Markstein number estimation using complete instability of downward propagating planar flames in acoustic field","authors":"Arvind Kumar Ahirwar,&nbsp;Ajit Kumar Dubey","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Markstein number (Ma) is an important parameter for premixed flames influencing flame speed and instabilities. This work presents a novel approach for estimating Ma using acoustic parametric instability of flames travelling downward in an open-closed tube. At a constant equivalence ratio, laminar burning velocity (S_L) can be controlled by varying diluent fraction. In such an experiment, at sufficiently high S_L, two types of thermo-acoustic instability are observed: primary instability (where the initial cellular flame transitions to a vibrating planar flame) and secondary instability (where the vibrating planar flame transitions to a vibrating turbulent flame due to parametric instability of the flame front). Upon further raising S_L, to \"critical S_L\", \"complete instability\" of flat flames is seen, indicating that the flat flame cannot be stabilized and the initial cellular flame transitions directly to parametric instability. An analytical model is used for calculating stability of planar flames in acoustic field. The width of stability region of planar flames becomes zero at the critical S_L. This condition is utilized to indirectly obtain Ma for a known critical S_L for methane, ethylene and propane flames diluted with N₂ and CO₂. The Ma estimated from this method are in very good agreement with Ma from literature obtained using growth rates of hydrodynamic instability. Previous attempts to find Ma using acoustic instability have used wavenumber and acoustic amplitude at the onset of parametric instability. These quantities have higher measurement uncertainty. The present method only needs knowledge of mixture composition at critical S_L and thus the error bars are negligible. The method is also extended to mixtures other than the critical S_L mixture. Acoustic instability is influenced by both flow strain and flame curvature, so the estimated Ma contains both effects unlike the counterflow flame (influenced by flow strain) and spherical flames (influenced by curvature).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114805"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient AlH distribution around a burning micron-sized Al droplet quantified by laser absorption imaging","authors":"Zhiyong Wu ,&nbsp;Weitian Wang ,&nbsp;Edouard Berrocal ,&nbsp;Marcus Aldén ,&nbsp;Zhongshan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first direct measurement of aluminum monohydride (AlH) distribution and dynamics during aluminum combustion. Single micron-sized aluminum droplets were burned in a controlled H₂O/N₂/O₂ environment to ensure repeatable conditions. A dual-wavelength laser absorption imaging system is used to quantify the AlH concentration with high temporal and spatial resolution. The results show that AlH concentration peaks near the droplet surface and decreases from about 1.2% to a negligible level within the condensation layer. As combustion proceeds, AlH extends outward from the droplet surface, and its distribution area stabilizes approximately 12 ms after ignition. This work demonstrates a robust technique for AlH quantification and provides novel data which is critical to understand the aluminum combustion mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation on flashback of low-swirling hydrogen–air jet flames","authors":"Maho Kawai ,&nbsp;Takeshi Shoji ,&nbsp;Abhishek Lakshman Pillai ,&nbsp;Shigeru Tachibana ,&nbsp;Takeshi Yokomori ,&nbsp;Ryoichi Kurose","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flashback of premixed hydrogen–air jet flames in a low-swirl burner (LSB) is investigated through experiments and Large-Eddy Simulations (LESs). The experiments include pressure measurements, high-speed chemiluminescence imaging of OH* radicals, and two-dimensional particle image velocimetry. The LESs are conducted on the same burner under various equivalence ratio conditions and are used to analyze local flame propagation dynamics. The experimental results show that core-flow flashback occurs after the lifted flame attaches to the burner exit periphery and then propagates upstream along the central region of the flow field, reflecting the characteristic velocity distribution in low-swirl burners. The LES results show that the regions on the flame surface where flashback is promoted are primarily governed by the local flow velocity, whereas the overall tendency for upstream flame propagation is influenced by the displacement speed. The analysis further shows that the relative contributions of reaction and diffusion to the displacement speed vary strongly across the flame thickness. Transient stagnations of upstream flame motion are also observed, together with a temporary reduction in the upstream-propagating flame surface area and a transition in the dominant pressure oscillation mode.</div><div><strong>Novelty and significance statement</strong></div><div>The present understanding of flashback in premixed low-swirl flames remains limited, particularly with respect to three-dimensional flame-structure dynamics. This study investigates flashback in low-swirling hydrogen–air jet flames using experiments and large-eddy simulations for the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. This combined approach enables analysis of flame behavior as three-dimensional distributions that resolve variations across the flame thickness, rather than relying on representative or integral metrics. Local contributions from flow velocity, chemical reaction, and molecular diffusion to flame propagation are quantified, showing that their relative importance varies strongly across the flame thickness and along the flame surface. In addition, transient stagnation of upstream flame motion is associated with a temporary reduction of the flame area exhibiting upstream propagation and a transition of the dominant pressure-oscillation mode. These results link local flame structure, flow–flame interaction, and pressure dynamics in the flashback.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114792"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion of Al2O3 on micron-sized Al-Si surface to Al-MOFs:Realizing dual-functional regulation of enhanced reactivity and energy release design","authors":"Yuhao Wang ,&nbsp;Shutao Wang ,&nbsp;Shifa Cao ,&nbsp;Zechun Tian ,&nbsp;Jiayi Li ,&nbsp;Henan Chang ,&nbsp;Shuhong Ba","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared with pure aluminum (Al) particles, aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) particles possess significant advantages, including lower ignition temperature, more thorough oxidation reaction, and more stable combustion process, making them highly promising candidate fuels for composite energetic materials. However, the incorporation of Si into Al results in more severe particle agglomeration, and the native Al₂O₃ layer on the surface impedes energy release. This study adopts a simple one-step method to <em>in situ</em> convert the Al₂O₃ on the surface of micron-sized Al-Si particles into an aluminum-based metal-organic frameworks (Al-MOFs), thus providing an effective approach to solving the above-mentioned problems. The reactivity of the modified samples is significantly enhanced, and the design of energy release can be achieved. The specific manifestations are as follows: Al-Si@Al-MOFs demonstrate a dynamic secondary combustion process accompanied by deflagration. Its combustion peak pressure and pressurization rate are 1.27 and 49.21 times those of pristine Al-Si, respectively. By regulating the coating amount of Al-MOFs, the design of energy release can be achieved. The modified samples show a notable improvement in specific impulse performance, which remains at a high level over a wide oxidizer-to-fuel (O/F) ratio range. Additionally, the static water contact angle of the modified samples increases significantly, indicating enhanced surface hydrophobicity and effectively improved anti-aging performance. This study has successfully constructed bifunctional energetic particles featuring precise design of energy release and high reactivity, providing a new strategy for the development of advanced aerospace fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114811"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cavity-enhanced combustion in a mach 6 axisymmetric scramjet","authors":"Xueni Yang ,&nbsp;Tao Tang ,&nbsp;Qinyuan Li ,&nbsp;Wang Han ,&nbsp;Rui Gu ,&nbsp;Huifeng Chen ,&nbsp;Yuhui Huang ,&nbsp;Mingbo Sun ,&nbsp;Hongbo Wang ,&nbsp;Yixin Yang ,&nbsp;Jiajian Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.combustflame.2026.114807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cavity-enhanced flow-combustion dynamics in axisymmetric scramjets at a Mach 6 flight condition is investigated through experimental and numerical methods. High-speed cameras and hydroxyl radical planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) are utilized in experiments for visual diagnostics of streamwise and spanwise flames within the cavity-based combustor, capturing both streamwise and spanwise instantaneous structures. Large eddy simulation (LES) is employed to reproduce this cavity-based flow field, and numerical comparisons are made with a non-cavity configuration. Experimental and computational results show that under the current conditions of high total temperature and long jet mixing distance, near-wall auto-ignition can achieve flame stabilization, exhibiting a jet wake flame stabilization mode. The near-wall reaction zone has been identified as a key flow structure, apart from the cavity recirculation zone, for enhancing fuel-air mixing. Within the cavity-equipped configuration, combustion is enhanced by the cavity, which provides a low-velocity recirculation zone to prolong fuel residence time, induces central shock waves, and supplies free radicals to the flame base. Additionally, the cavity intensifies combustion in the jet wake upstream of it and renders subsonic combustion dominant. Conversely, within the non-cavity combustor, combustion is self-sustained in the near-wall recirculation region, characterized by a prolonged, low-intensity heat release zone dominated by supersonic combustion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":280,"journal":{"name":"Combustion and Flame","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114807"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}