This paper presents a circuit architecture of the long short-term memory (LSTM) model for neural networks by applying a logarithmic number system (LNS) with an aim to reducing the hardware cost and power consumption. The proposed design exploits the piece-wise polynomial approximation technique to enhance the computing accuracy of logarithmic and anti-logarithmic converters in LNS. Results show that the computing accuracy of the developed scheme has an improvement of 81.5% only with an increase of 4.37% in the circuit area over the existing LNS. The proposed LSTM architecture is experimented and verified by the heart sound recognition classification problem. The recognition accuracy is 81.63% in the conventional binary system with IEEE754 single-precision format. The proposed LNS with the approximated activation functions shows a recognition accuracy of 74.22%, while the recognition accuracy is 71.75% by using the existing LNS. Although the accuracy is worse than that of the traditional binary system, the computing time of the presented architecture is reduced by 38.68%.
{"title":"Design of Logarithmic Number System for LSTM","authors":"Yu-Hsiang Huang, Gen-Wei Zhang, Shao-I Chu, Bing-Hong Liu, Chih-Yuan Lien, Su-Wen Huang","doi":"10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179504","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a circuit architecture of the long short-term memory (LSTM) model for neural networks by applying a logarithmic number system (LNS) with an aim to reducing the hardware cost and power consumption. The proposed design exploits the piece-wise polynomial approximation technique to enhance the computing accuracy of logarithmic and anti-logarithmic converters in LNS. Results show that the computing accuracy of the developed scheme has an improvement of 81.5% only with an increase of 4.37% in the circuit area over the existing LNS. The proposed LSTM architecture is experimented and verified by the heart sound recognition classification problem. The recognition accuracy is 81.63% in the conventional binary system with IEEE754 single-precision format. The proposed LNS with the approximated activation functions shows a recognition accuracy of 74.22%, while the recognition accuracy is 71.75% by using the existing LNS. Although the accuracy is worse than that of the traditional binary system, the computing time of the presented architecture is reduced by 38.68%.","PeriodicalId":281254,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132624996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179503
Jia-Wun Jhang, Chun-Fa Chang
Caustics rendering has been an important topic in computer graphics. It is particularly a challenging problem because of the difficulty in path tracing algorithms to handle the specular-diffuse-specular paths. Recently Manifold Next Event Estimation (MNEE) has demonstrated its efficiency for dealing with the caustics paths and has been implemented in the Mitsuba renderer on desktop computers. However, MNEE has not yet been implemented on mobile devices to our best knowledge. In this paper, we implemented the MNEE methods on Vulkan, so that it can run on both desktop computers and mobile devices.
{"title":"Implementation of Manifold Next Event Estimation for Caustics Rendering on Vulkan","authors":"Jia-Wun Jhang, Chun-Fa Chang","doi":"10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179503","url":null,"abstract":"Caustics rendering has been an important topic in computer graphics. It is particularly a challenging problem because of the difficulty in path tracing algorithms to handle the specular-diffuse-specular paths. Recently Manifold Next Event Estimation (MNEE) has demonstrated its efficiency for dealing with the caustics paths and has been implemented in the Mitsuba renderer on desktop computers. However, MNEE has not yet been implemented on mobile devices to our best knowledge. In this paper, we implemented the MNEE methods on Vulkan, so that it can run on both desktop computers and mobile devices.","PeriodicalId":281254,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124335272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179549
Ding-Bing Lin, Nien-Chih Tsai, Yi-Ju Lee
This paper presents a 1x4 patch with a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens for 77-79 GHz application. The difference from the traditional, we used one component to implement the lens and chassis together to reduce the design complexity and increase cost efficiency. The lens utilizes the concept of a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) to generate perforations with different dielectric constant regions in resin to achieve proper phase compensation. The lens is composed of three equivalent dielectric regions to compensate for the phase of electromagnetic. The full wave simulation results show that the peak gain of the FZP Lens could increase of 5.8 dB in the broadside direction compared with the resin chassis.
{"title":"Fresnel Zone Plate and Ordinary Lens Antennas: Comparative Study at Focus And Thickness","authors":"Ding-Bing Lin, Nien-Chih Tsai, Yi-Ju Lee","doi":"10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179549","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 1x4 patch with a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens for 77-79 GHz application. The difference from the traditional, we used one component to implement the lens and chassis together to reduce the design complexity and increase cost efficiency. The lens utilizes the concept of a Fresnel zone plate (FZP) to generate perforations with different dielectric constant regions in resin to achieve proper phase compensation. The lens is composed of three equivalent dielectric regions to compensate for the phase of electromagnetic. The full wave simulation results show that the peak gain of the FZP Lens could increase of 5.8 dB in the broadside direction compared with the resin chassis.","PeriodicalId":281254,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI)","volume":"411 6841 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124396430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179587
Xing-Chen Mai, Shen-Li Chen, Jhong-Yi Lai, Zhi-Wei Liu, Yu-Jie Chung
In this paper, the Silvaco T-CAD software is used to simulate a high voltage n-LDMOS (lateral double-diffused metal oxide field-effect transistor) for a 0.18μm BCD process. The modulation of the N-type buried layer (NBL) has been adopted as an isolation layer to isolate ESD leakage into the substrate. In these devices, we divided the NBL into four partitions. Since the current is injected from the drain side, the NBL is used to isolation by reducing the modulation from the outer bulk side to 1/4 length of the inner drain side. Then there are five groups of this modulation including the full removal of the NBL layer. Eventually, it can be found that the trigger voltage (Vt1) increases obviously after all the NBL is removed, but we can find that the secondary breakdown current (It1) is reduced to only 0.65 A. When we reduced the NBL to only 1/4 of its length, the Vt1 and breakdown voltage (Vbk) also increased to 81.35(V), which is an increase of 32% compared to the reference group. At the same time It2 can be maintained at 1 A and the electric field value is reduced by 41% to 2.48e+3(V/cm). Therefore, the NBL reduction by only 1/4 (NBL_4) of these related components is the best modulation of this work.
{"title":"ESD-capability Impacts of the RESURF NBL Length in High-voltage nLDMOSs","authors":"Xing-Chen Mai, Shen-Li Chen, Jhong-Yi Lai, Zhi-Wei Liu, Yu-Jie Chung","doi":"10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179587","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the Silvaco T-CAD software is used to simulate a high voltage n-LDMOS (lateral double-diffused metal oxide field-effect transistor) for a 0.18μm BCD process. The modulation of the N-type buried layer (NBL) has been adopted as an isolation layer to isolate ESD leakage into the substrate. In these devices, we divided the NBL into four partitions. Since the current is injected from the drain side, the NBL is used to isolation by reducing the modulation from the outer bulk side to 1/4 length of the inner drain side. Then there are five groups of this modulation including the full removal of the NBL layer. Eventually, it can be found that the trigger voltage (Vt1) increases obviously after all the NBL is removed, but we can find that the secondary breakdown current (It1) is reduced to only 0.65 A. When we reduced the NBL to only 1/4 of its length, the Vt1 and breakdown voltage (Vbk) also increased to 81.35(V), which is an increase of 32% compared to the reference group. At the same time It2 can be maintained at 1 A and the electric field value is reduced by 41% to 2.48e+3(V/cm). Therefore, the NBL reduction by only 1/4 (NBL_4) of these related components is the best modulation of this work.","PeriodicalId":281254,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI)","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122064833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179529
Styx-King Jair, M. Hsieh, I-Wen Chang, S. Hou
In this study we use thermoelectric effect technology to design and build a thermoelectric power generation system to recover the heat generated by combustion gases to generate electricity. This system consists of heat collection system, cooling system and power generation system. In this paper, the prototyped of a medium-temperature waste heat recovery power generation system was designed, fabricated, and tested. A total of 60 thermoelectric chips are installed in the power generation system. Based on the experimental results, the output current and voltage are 1.05A and 56.4V at the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric chip is 109.4 °C, and the output power is approximately 60W. Furthermore, each part of the device can operate independently, which is very suitable for the industry.
{"title":"Development of a waste heat recovery power generation system","authors":"Styx-King Jair, M. Hsieh, I-Wen Chang, S. Hou","doi":"10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179529","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we use thermoelectric effect technology to design and build a thermoelectric power generation system to recover the heat generated by combustion gases to generate electricity. This system consists of heat collection system, cooling system and power generation system. In this paper, the prototyped of a medium-temperature waste heat recovery power generation system was designed, fabricated, and tested. A total of 60 thermoelectric chips are installed in the power generation system. Based on the experimental results, the output current and voltage are 1.05A and 56.4V at the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric chip is 109.4 °C, and the output power is approximately 60W. Furthermore, each part of the device can operate independently, which is very suitable for the industry.","PeriodicalId":281254,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122116272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179604
Shih-Miao Huang
This article proposed an anti-pigeon design that engages with human emotions, named APHE, to not only deters feral pigeons but also to please users and maintain unobstructed views from high floors. The APHE was inspired by the useless machine originated by Bruno Munari. Its functioning consists of an Arduino Nano MCU and a distance detect sensor. When a bird approaches the APHE, its sensor detects its presence and records it into the SD card. The MCU then sends signals to two FS90R micro servomotors that randomly open and close the covers of the APHE. This generates four combinations of the cover opens: left open with right closed, right open with left closed, both open, and both closed. The covers open randomly, and do not close until the pigeon leaves, achieving the efficacy of keeping feral pigeons away.
{"title":"An Anti-Pigeon Design Engaging with Human Reflective Emotions","authors":"Shih-Miao Huang","doi":"10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179604","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposed an anti-pigeon design that engages with human emotions, named APHE, to not only deters feral pigeons but also to please users and maintain unobstructed views from high floors. The APHE was inspired by the useless machine originated by Bruno Munari. Its functioning consists of an Arduino Nano MCU and a distance detect sensor. When a bird approaches the APHE, its sensor detects its presence and records it into the SD card. The MCU then sends signals to two FS90R micro servomotors that randomly open and close the covers of the APHE. This generates four combinations of the cover opens: left open with right closed, right open with left closed, both open, and both closed. The covers open randomly, and do not close until the pigeon leaves, achieving the efficacy of keeping feral pigeons away.","PeriodicalId":281254,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124634369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1109/icasi57738.2023.10179574
{"title":"ICASI 2023 Cover Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/icasi57738.2023.10179574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icasi57738.2023.10179574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281254,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131075125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179544
Ting-yu Wu, Ko-Chiu Wu
This article intends to design a simulation prototype to observe how the distance between the mobile interface and the actual space presents the smallest error value under the gesture sliding of the visually impaired people(VIP). The setting of prototype is divided into 5 sections, which represent that the interface will present the walking distance in the real environment and corresponding to the length that the user thinks. It will be measured with one hand. VIP will be reminded of the distance to swipe in actual field, then the range of the swipe will be observed on the interface. Based on the distance difference between the interface design and the operation of the finger are proposed as a reference for planning indoor navigation apps for the VIP in the future.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Gestures and Interfaces: Differences in Sensitivity of Visually Impaired Mobile Phone Swipe Gestures","authors":"Ting-yu Wu, Ko-Chiu Wu","doi":"10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179544","url":null,"abstract":"This article intends to design a simulation prototype to observe how the distance between the mobile interface and the actual space presents the smallest error value under the gesture sliding of the visually impaired people(VIP). The setting of prototype is divided into 5 sections, which represent that the interface will present the walking distance in the real environment and corresponding to the length that the user thinks. It will be measured with one hand. VIP will be reminded of the distance to swipe in actual field, then the range of the swipe will be observed on the interface. Based on the distance difference between the interface design and the operation of the finger are proposed as a reference for planning indoor navigation apps for the VIP in the future.","PeriodicalId":281254,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126517381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179507
Tan-Tai Do, T. Fang, T. Cheng
This study uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to examine how the sliding movement of a polishing tool affects the polishing properties of a Carbon-doped Boron Nitride substrate by discussing the effects of various polishing levels. The findings demonstrate how depth influences the amount of deleted atoms and severely extended asperity. The tool provides the most force at a depth of 6Å, whereas the polishing depth of 2Å produces the lowest polishing force. Hence, as polishing depth increases, the friction coefficient also increases. Moreover, the amount of deleted atoms and the extended asperity section increase with increased polishing depth while the asperity height decreases. Interestingly, this model also accurately depicts the behaviors of the material removal mechanism and the topography of the sample of the deleted atom chains after polishing.
{"title":"Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Deformation Mechanism of Chemical Mechanical Polishing","authors":"Tan-Tai Do, T. Fang, T. Cheng","doi":"10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179507","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to examine how the sliding movement of a polishing tool affects the polishing properties of a Carbon-doped Boron Nitride substrate by discussing the effects of various polishing levels. The findings demonstrate how depth influences the amount of deleted atoms and severely extended asperity. The tool provides the most force at a depth of 6Å, whereas the polishing depth of 2Å produces the lowest polishing force. Hence, as polishing depth increases, the friction coefficient also increases. Moreover, the amount of deleted atoms and the extended asperity section increase with increased polishing depth while the asperity height decreases. Interestingly, this model also accurately depicts the behaviors of the material removal mechanism and the topography of the sample of the deleted atom chains after polishing.","PeriodicalId":281254,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121156107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179577
Chao-Jen Wang, Jieh-Ren Chang, H. Lin, Chiu-Ju Lu
To recognize actions using a neural network model, it is necessary to extract the correct frames from the video for the input of model. Extraction of frames is an important issue that could be poor recognition results or costs computation time. This study proposes a new extraction method that combines optical flow and fuzzy rules. First, optical flow is used to calculate the values of the x and y vectors of the motion in consecutive frames. After expert discussion, rules are formulated to define the optical flow values for each action as fuzzy semantic words and stored as a fuzzy rule base. For the experiment, serving action is further subdivided into tossing, hitting and receiving parts in table tennis video. Using fuzzy rules based on the x and y optical flow values of different actions, the current action type can be determined, and action frames can be extracted more accurately, improving the accuracy of table tennis action recognition, the final result of table tennis action recognition reached up to 69.8% accuracy.
{"title":"Frames Extraction from Table Tennis Competition Videos for Action Classification Using Optical Flow and Fuzzy Rules","authors":"Chao-Jen Wang, Jieh-Ren Chang, H. Lin, Chiu-Ju Lu","doi":"10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI57738.2023.10179577","url":null,"abstract":"To recognize actions using a neural network model, it is necessary to extract the correct frames from the video for the input of model. Extraction of frames is an important issue that could be poor recognition results or costs computation time. This study proposes a new extraction method that combines optical flow and fuzzy rules. First, optical flow is used to calculate the values of the x and y vectors of the motion in consecutive frames. After expert discussion, rules are formulated to define the optical flow values for each action as fuzzy semantic words and stored as a fuzzy rule base. For the experiment, serving action is further subdivided into tossing, hitting and receiving parts in table tennis video. Using fuzzy rules based on the x and y optical flow values of different actions, the current action type can be determined, and action frames can be extracted more accurately, improving the accuracy of table tennis action recognition, the final result of table tennis action recognition reached up to 69.8% accuracy.","PeriodicalId":281254,"journal":{"name":"2023 9th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116633127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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