Composite Structures最新文献_第5页

Additive manufacturing of gradient porous Si/SiC ceramic parts: Quasi-static behaviors and mechanical properties 梯度多孔硅/碳化硅陶瓷部件的增材制造：准静态行为和机械性能

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composite Structures

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118693

Ce Sun , Song Zhang , Rong Tu , Lihong Wu , Jiahao Ye , Yusheng Shi , Chunze Yan , Huajun Sun , Yuhan Liao , Peng Chen , Kai Liu

Porous silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic exhibits low density, high toughness, which endow it with an indispensable role in engineering applications. However, the manufacturing, designing, and making full use of the rich pore structure of gradient porous SiC ceramic to improve its mechanical performance still face many challenges. Herein, the manufacture of gradient porous Si/SiC ceramic part is realized for the first time, and the influence of gradient structural on mechanical properties is deeply analyzed. The results indicate that the porous Si/SiC ceramics with constant gradient transition rate is characterized by step-by-step destruction and can carry larger strains than the porous Si/SiC ceramics with non-constant gradient transition rate. Meanwhile, reducing the gradient span can improve the strength, but it is easy to lead to brittle damage. In particular, gradient porous Si/SiC ceramics with constant gradient transition rate and 30 % gradient span can exhibit both good strength and toughness. The compressive strength can reach 11.71 MPa, and the equivalent elastic modulus can reach 2.28 GPa. Finally, a laminar material prediction model for mechanical properties is presented. This paper presents an effective fabrication method for gradient porous ceramic parts and provides a feasible means for the design and prediction of mechanical properties.

多孔碳化硅（SiC）陶瓷具有低密度、高韧性的特点，在工程应用中发挥着不可或缺的作用。然而，如何制造、设计和充分利用梯度多孔碳化硅（SiC）陶瓷丰富的孔隙结构来提高其机械性能仍面临诸多挑战。本文首次实现了梯度多孔 Si/SiC 陶瓷部件的制造，并深入分析了梯度结构对力学性能的影响。结果表明，与梯度转换率不恒定的多孔 Si/SiC 陶瓷相比，梯度转换率恒定的多孔 Si/SiC 陶瓷具有逐级破坏的特点，能承受更大的应变。同时，减小梯度跨度可以提高强度，但容易导致脆性破坏。特别是梯度转换率恒定、梯度跨度为 30% 的梯度多孔 Si/SiC 陶瓷，可以同时表现出良好的强度和韧性。抗压强度可达 11.71 MPa，等效弹性模量可达 2.28 GPa。最后，介绍了层状材料的力学性能预测模型。本文提出了一种有效的梯度多孔陶瓷部件制造方法，并为机械性能的设计和预测提供了一种可行的手段。

{"title":"Additive manufacturing of gradient porous Si/SiC ceramic parts: Quasi-static behaviors and mechanical properties","authors":"Ce Sun , Song Zhang , Rong Tu , Lihong Wu , Jiahao Ye , Yusheng Shi , Chunze Yan , Huajun Sun , Yuhan Liao , Peng Chen , Kai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic exhibits low density, high toughness, which endow it with an indispensable role in engineering applications. However, the manufacturing, designing, and making full use of the rich pore structure of gradient porous SiC ceramic to improve its mechanical performance still face many challenges. Herein, the manufacture of gradient porous Si/SiC ceramic part is realized for the first time, and the influence of gradient structural on mechanical properties is deeply analyzed. The results indicate that the porous Si/SiC ceramics with constant gradient transition rate is characterized by step-by-step destruction and can carry larger strains than the porous Si/SiC ceramics with non-constant gradient transition rate. Meanwhile, reducing the gradient span can improve the strength, but it is easy to lead to brittle damage. In particular, gradient porous Si/SiC ceramics with constant gradient transition rate and 30 % gradient span can exhibit both good strength and toughness. The compressive strength can reach 11.71 MPa, and the equivalent elastic modulus can reach 2.28 GPa. Finally, a laminar material prediction model for mechanical properties is presented. This paper presents an effective fabrication method for gradient porous ceramic parts and provides a feasible means for the design and prediction of mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 118693"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The synergistic effect of nano-Al2O3 size and concentration on the interfacial adhesion properties of SMA/PDMS composites and their enhancement mechanism 纳米 Al2O3 尺寸和浓度对 SMA/PDMS 复合材料界面粘附性能的协同效应及其增强机制

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composite Structures

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118696

Junjie Xiao, Biao Liang, Bo Liu, Mengfei Feng, Hui Cheng, Kaifu Zhang

Soft actuators composed of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix hold potential for shape-morphing structures and soft robots. However, SMA exhibits poor bonding with PDMS due to its smooth and nonpolar surfaces. Nanoparticles show promise in interfacial strengthening of polymer composites. In this work, KH590 was used to modify nano-Al₂O₃ particles and deposited on the SMA surface, creating a three-dimensional nanostructure bridging SMA and PDMS to enhance interface strength. The synergistic effects of particle size and content of nano-Al₂O₃ particles on the interface strength were investigated in detail. It founds that interfacial strength decreased exponentially with particle size at content of 1 wt%, while when the content exceeds 1 wt%, the interface strength firstly increases with the particle size and then decreases in a logarithmic trend. Specifically, the interface strength is enhanced by 110 % with 3 wt% 50 nm particles. The interface enhancement mechanism was also discussed. The proposed nanoparticle modification approach was to strengthen SMA/PDMS interphase by increasing and extending fracture path, consuming more fracture energy. Chemical cross-linking also contributed to interface enhancement. This work enhances understanding of interfacial bonding mechanisms and provides valuable guide for interfacial strengthening of SMA/PDMS.

由嵌入聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）基体中的形状记忆合金（SMA）丝组成的软致动器具有形状变态结构和软机器人的潜力。然而，由于 SMA 表面光滑且无极性，因此与 PDMS 的粘合性较差。纳米粒子在聚合物复合材料的界面强化方面大有可为。在这项工作中，KH590 被用于改性纳米 Al2O3 粒子，并沉积在 SMA 表面，从而在 SMA 和 PDMS 之间形成三维纳米结构，增强界面强度。详细研究了纳米 Al2O3 颗粒的粒度和含量对界面强度的协同效应。研究发现，当粒径含量为 1 wt% 时，界面强度随粒径增大呈指数下降；而当粒径含量超过 1 wt% 时，界面强度先随粒径增大而增大，然后呈对数下降趋势。具体来说，3 wt% 的 50 nm 颗粒可使界面强度提高 110%。此外，还讨论了界面增强机制。所提出的纳米粒子改性方法是通过增加和延长断裂路径来增强 SMA/PDMS 相间，从而消耗更多的断裂能量。化学交联也有助于界面增强。这项研究加深了对界面结合机制的理解，为 SMA/PDMS 的界面强化提供了宝贵的指导。

{"title":"The synergistic effect of nano-Al2O3 size and concentration on the interfacial adhesion properties of SMA/PDMS composites and their enhancement mechanism","authors":"Junjie Xiao, Biao Liang, Bo Liu, Mengfei Feng, Hui Cheng, Kaifu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft actuators composed of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix hold potential for shape-morphing structures and soft robots. However, SMA exhibits poor bonding with PDMS due to its smooth and nonpolar surfaces. Nanoparticles show promise in interfacial strengthening of polymer composites. In this work, KH590 was used to modify nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles and deposited on the SMA surface, creating a three-dimensional nanostructure bridging SMA and PDMS to enhance interface strength. The synergistic effects of particle size and content of nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles on the interface strength were investigated in detail. It founds that interfacial strength decreased exponentially with particle size at content of 1 wt%, while when the content exceeds 1 wt%, the interface strength firstly increases with the particle size and then decreases in a logarithmic trend. Specifically, the interface strength is enhanced by 110 % with 3 wt% 50 nm particles. The interface enhancement mechanism was also discussed. The proposed nanoparticle modification approach was to strengthen SMA/PDMS interphase by increasing and extending fracture path, consuming more fracture energy. Chemical cross-linking also contributed to interface enhancement. This work enhances understanding of interfacial bonding mechanisms and provides valuable guide for interfacial strengthening of SMA/PDMS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 118696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrical energy and overpressure characterization of aeronautical fasteners submitted to a lightning current waveform 雷电流波形下航空紧固件的电能和过压特性分析

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composite Structures

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118700

Rafael Sousa Martins, Amélie Jarnac, Clément Zaepffel, Philippe Lalande

Understanding and controlling sparking in fasteners and jointed structures is crucial for flight safety, particularly in fuel tanks. This study investigates the relationship between dissipated electrical energy and pressure buildup within fastener cavities during lightning strikes. Experiments were performed on fasteners installed in aluminum and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) samples, with lightning current waveforms ranging from 1 kA to 10 kA. A sensitivity analysis evaluated the influence of key parameters, such as current peak, clearance fit, sample material, polarity, and fastener coating on pressure rise and energy dissipation. Electrical energy up to 80 J and pressure levels reaching 600 bar– unprecedented compared to prior studies– were observed. The pressure-energy relationship showed an approximately linear trend, while pressure exhibited a non-linear dependence on clearance fit. Fastener coating and sample material were found to significantly influence the results, with pressure variations reaching up to a factor of 10 in some cases

了解和控制紧固件和连接结构中的火花对飞行安全至关重要，尤其是在油箱中。本研究调查了雷击时紧固件空腔内耗散的电能与压力积聚之间的关系。实验在铝和碳纤维增强聚合物 (CFRP) 样品中安装的紧固件上进行，雷电流波形范围为 1 kA 至 10 kA。敏感性分析评估了电流峰值、间隙配合、样品材料、极性和紧固件涂层等关键参数对压力上升和能量耗散的影响。与之前的研究相比，观察到的电能高达 80 J，压力水平达到 600 bar，这是前所未有的。压力-能量关系呈现近似线性趋势，而压力与间隙拟合则呈现非线性关系。紧固件涂层和样品材料对结果有显著影响，在某些情况下压力变化可达 10 倍。

{"title":"Electrical energy and overpressure characterization of aeronautical fasteners submitted to a lightning current waveform","authors":"Rafael Sousa Martins, Amélie Jarnac, Clément Zaepffel, Philippe Lalande","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding and controlling sparking in fasteners and jointed structures is crucial for flight safety, particularly in fuel tanks. This study investigates the relationship between dissipated electrical energy and pressure buildup within fastener cavities during lightning strikes. Experiments were performed on fasteners installed in aluminum and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) samples, with lightning current waveforms ranging from 1 kA to 10 kA. A sensitivity analysis evaluated the influence of key parameters, such as current peak, clearance fit, sample material, polarity, and fastener coating on pressure rise and energy dissipation. Electrical energy up to 80 J and pressure levels reaching 600 bar– unprecedented compared to prior studies– were observed. The pressure-energy relationship showed an approximately linear trend, while pressure exhibited a non-linear dependence on clearance fit. Fastener coating and sample material were found to significantly influence the results, with pressure variations reaching up to a factor of 10 in some cases</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 118700"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An ultrasonic Lamb wave-based non-linear exponential RAPID method for delamination detection in composites 基于超声波 Lamb 波的复合材料分层检测非线性指数 RAPID 方法

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composite Structures

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118701

Kai Luo , Liang Chen , Yuan Chen , Lin Ye , Sunquan Yu

Accurate detection of defects, particularly delamination, in carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is crucial but challenging. This study proposes a baseline-free Lamb wave damage imaging framework that incorporates an adaptive time-reversal technique and a nonlinear exponential reconstruction algorithm for probabilistic inspection of defects (NE-RAPID) in composites. The framework combines two image fusion strategies: full-summation and full-multiplication. NE-RAPID enhances the traditional RAPID algorithm by replacing linear weights with faster-decaying exponential weights, which improves the localization of delamination and other defect regions with higher resolution. A nonlinear exponential weighting function is introduced to address uneven probability distributions caused by the non-uniform density of the sensor network, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of defect detection, including delamination. Experimental validation on CFRP composite plates demonstrates that NE-RAPID significantly outperforms RAPID. NE-RAPID achieves a maximum detection error of only 5.1 mm across different frequencies, whereas RAPID shows a much higher error of 34.41 mm. Furthermore, NE-RAPID generates sharper damage images with fewer artifacts, significantly reducing the risk of false positives and improving the overall detection reliability. These findings indicate that NE-RAPID is a highly promising method for precise and reliable delamination detection in composite materials.

准确检测碳纤维增强聚合物 (CFRP) 复合材料中的缺陷（尤其是分层）至关重要，但也极具挑战性。本研究提出了一种无基线λ波损伤成像框架，该框架结合了自适应时间逆转技术和非线性指数重建算法，用于复合材料缺陷的概率检测（NE-RAPID）。该框架结合了两种图像融合策略：全相加和全相乘。NE-RAPID 增强了传统的 RAPID 算法，用衰减更快的指数权重取代了线性权重，从而以更高的分辨率改进了分层和其他缺陷区域的定位。该算法引入了非线性指数加权函数，以解决传感器网络密度不均匀造成的概率分布不均问题，从而提高包括分层在内的缺陷检测的准确性和可靠性。在 CFRP 复合板上进行的实验验证表明，NE-RAPID 明显优于 RAPID。NE-RAPID 在不同频率下的最大检测误差仅为 5.1 毫米，而 RAPID 则高达 34.41 毫米。此外，NE-RAPID 生成的损伤图像更清晰，伪影更少，大大降低了误报风险，提高了整体检测可靠性。这些研究结果表明，NE-RAPID 是一种非常有前途的方法，可用于对复合材料进行精确、可靠的分层检测。

{"title":"An ultrasonic Lamb wave-based non-linear exponential RAPID method for delamination detection in composites","authors":"Kai Luo , Liang Chen , Yuan Chen , Lin Ye , Sunquan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate detection of defects, particularly delamination, in carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is crucial but challenging. This study proposes a baseline-free Lamb wave damage imaging framework that incorporates an adaptive time-reversal technique and a nonlinear exponential reconstruction algorithm for probabilistic inspection of defects (NE-RAPID) in composites. The framework combines two image fusion strategies: full-summation and full-multiplication. NE-RAPID enhances the traditional RAPID algorithm by replacing linear weights with faster-decaying exponential weights, which improves the localization of delamination and other defect regions with higher resolution. A nonlinear exponential weighting function is introduced to address uneven probability distributions caused by the non-uniform density of the sensor network, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of defect detection, including delamination. Experimental validation on CFRP composite plates demonstrates that NE-RAPID significantly outperforms RAPID. NE-RAPID achieves a maximum detection error of only 5.1 mm across different frequencies, whereas RAPID shows a much higher error of 34.41 mm. Furthermore, NE-RAPID generates sharper damage images with fewer artifacts, significantly reducing the risk of false positives and improving the overall detection reliability. These findings indicate that NE-RAPID is a highly promising method for precise and reliable delamination detection in composite materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 118701"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental results for fatigue damage growth in laminated fiber reinforced cross-ply laminates 层状纤维增强交叉层压板疲劳损伤增长的实验结果

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composite Structures

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118702

J. Fernando Rojas Sanchez , Anthony M. Waas

In this paper, experimental results for fatigue damage growth behavior of a single-edge notched cross-ply laminate obtained using Digital Image Correlation (DIC), thermography, and supplemented by prior X-ray computed microtomography (mCT) data, are presented. These experimental results are used to develop a novel multi-scale fatigue life estimation model, whose details are reported elsewhere [1].

本文介绍了利用数字图像相关性（DIC）和热成像技术获得的单边缺口交叉层压板疲劳损伤生长行为的实验结果，并对之前的 X 射线计算机微层析成像（mCT）数据进行了补充。这些实验结果被用于开发一种新型多尺度疲劳寿命估算模型，该模型的详细内容在其他地方进行了报道[1]。

引用次数: 0

Inverse design method of deployable cylindrical composite shells for solar sail structure 用于太阳能帆结构的可展开圆柱形复合材料壳体的逆设计方法

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composite Structures

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118698

Zheng Zhang , Diyong Huang , Baisong Pan , Huping Zhou , Jingya Ma , Min Sun , Shouzhi Ren , Guang Zhang

The deployable cylindrical composite shell (DCCS) applied in the solar sail structure requires suitable geometric parameters to have high storage capacity and large sunlight area. However, it is difficult to obtain the suitable geometric parameters of DCCS. An inverse design method combining the advantages of radial basis function artificial neural network (RBFANN) and multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA) is proposed to obtain the geometric parameters of DCCS in this paper. RBFANN has the ability of self-learning and nonlinear problem solving, MIGA has the ability of global optimization. The specimens of DCCS were manufactured based on the obtained geometric parameters. The coiling radius, driving characteristics of specimens were studied by experiment and finite element simulation, and the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verify the effectiveness of the inverse design method. The inverse design method proposed in this paper can effectively obtain the geometric parameters of DCCS, which also can guide the design of solar sail structure.

应用于太阳帆结构中的可展开圆柱形复合材料壳体（DCCS）需要合适的几何参数，才能具有较高的存储容量和较大的日照面积。然而，要获得合适的 DCCS 几何参数十分困难。本文结合径向基函数人工神经网络（RBFANN）和多岛遗传算法（MIGA）的优点，提出了一种逆向设计方法来获取 DCCS 的几何参数。RBFANN 具有自学习和非线性问题求解能力，MIGA 具有全局优化能力。根据获得的几何参数制造了 DCCS 试样。通过实验和有限元仿真研究了试样的卷曲半径、驱动特性，数值结果与实验结果吻合良好，验证了逆设计方法的有效性。本文提出的逆向设计方法能有效获得 DCCS 的几何参数，也能指导太阳能帆板结构的设计。

{"title":"Inverse design method of deployable cylindrical composite shells for solar sail structure","authors":"Zheng Zhang , Diyong Huang , Baisong Pan , Huping Zhou , Jingya Ma , Min Sun , Shouzhi Ren , Guang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deployable cylindrical composite shell (DCCS) applied in the solar sail structure requires suitable geometric parameters to have high storage capacity and large sunlight area. However, it is difficult to obtain the suitable geometric parameters of DCCS. An inverse design method combining the advantages of radial basis function artificial neural network (RBFANN) and multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA) is proposed to obtain the geometric parameters of DCCS in this paper. RBFANN has the ability of self-learning and nonlinear problem solving, MIGA has the ability of global optimization. The specimens of DCCS were manufactured based on the obtained geometric parameters. The coiling radius, driving characteristics of specimens were studied by experiment and finite element simulation, and the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verify the effectiveness of the inverse design method. The inverse design method proposed in this paper can effectively obtain the geometric parameters of DCCS, which also can guide the design of solar sail structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 118698"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finite element submodeling technique-based fatigue analysis and reliability modeling of wind turbine blade trailing edge 基于有限元子建模技术的风力涡轮机叶片后缘疲劳分析和可靠性建模

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composite Structures

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118699

Zheng Liu, Jinlong Liang, Zhenfeng He, Xin Liu, Haodong Liu, Zhenjiang Shao

Wind turbine blades play a critical role in wind turbine systems, with the trailing edge bearing significant mechanical loads. During operational cycles, the adhesively bonded composite trailing edge may fracture, delaminate, or buckle, posing a safety risk for wind turbine systems. While finite element simulation is commonly used to evaluate blade fatigue performance due to the challenges associated with full-scale structural tests in terms of costs and time, current methodologies mainly focus on the overall fatigue characteristics of blades, neglecting specialized analyses. A finite element submodeling approach is presented here to address this research gap by analyzing wind turbine blade trailing edges for fatigue and reliability. Specifically, a finite element submodeling method is proposed to analyze local fatigue failures of wind turbine blades. This approach is validated through fatigue testing on conventional composite bonded specimens. Subsequently, failure analyses and life predictions are conducted on the trailing edges to investigate their fatigue behavior, followed by an exploration of the impact of submodeling techniques on the analysis results. Furthermore, considering material and dimensional uncertainties, a fatigue reliability model for trailing edges is developed. The results demonstrate that this approach effectively overcomes the limitations of overall blade finite element analysis by enabling localized fatigue analysis of the trailing edge, providing valuable insights for improving wind turbine blade design optimization.

风力涡轮机叶片在风力涡轮机系统中起着至关重要的作用，其后缘承受着巨大的机械负荷。在运行周期中，粘合的复合材料后缘可能会断裂、脱层或弯曲，给风力涡轮机系统带来安全风险。由于全尺寸结构试验在成本和时间上的挑战，有限元模拟通常用于评估叶片的疲劳性能，但目前的方法主要关注叶片的整体疲劳特性，而忽略了专门的分析。本文介绍了一种有限元子建模方法，通过分析风力涡轮机叶片后缘的疲劳和可靠性来填补这一研究空白。具体而言，本文提出了一种有限元子建模方法，用于分析风力涡轮机叶片的局部疲劳失效。通过对传统复合材料粘接试样进行疲劳测试，对该方法进行了验证。随后，对拖曳边缘进行了失效分析和寿命预测，以研究其疲劳行为，并探讨了子建模技术对分析结果的影响。此外，考虑到材料和尺寸的不确定性，还为后缘建立了疲劳可靠性模型。结果表明，这种方法有效地克服了整体叶片有限元分析的局限性，实现了对后缘的局部疲劳分析，为改进风力涡轮机叶片的优化设计提供了宝贵的见解。

{"title":"Finite element submodeling technique-based fatigue analysis and reliability modeling of wind turbine blade trailing edge","authors":"Zheng Liu, Jinlong Liang, Zhenfeng He, Xin Liu, Haodong Liu, Zhenjiang Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind turbine blades play a critical role in wind turbine systems, with the trailing edge bearing significant mechanical loads. During operational cycles, the adhesively bonded composite trailing edge may fracture, delaminate, or buckle, posing a safety risk for wind turbine systems. While finite element simulation is commonly used to evaluate blade fatigue performance due to the challenges associated with full-scale structural tests in terms of costs and time, current methodologies mainly focus on the overall fatigue characteristics of blades, neglecting specialized analyses. A finite element submodeling approach is presented here to address this research gap by analyzing wind turbine blade trailing edges for fatigue and reliability. Specifically, a finite element submodelingmethodis proposedtoanalyzelocal fatiguefailuresof wind turbine blades. This approach is validated through fatigue testing on conventional composite bonded specimens. Subsequently, failure analyses and life predictions are conducted on the trailing edges to investigate their fatigue behavior, followed by an exploration of the impact of submodeling techniques on the analysis results. Furthermore, considering material and dimensional uncertainties, a fatigue reliability model for trailing edges is developed. The results demonstrate that this approach effectively overcomes the limitations of overall blade finite element analysis by enabling localized fatigue analysis of the trailing edge, providing valuable insights for improving wind turbine blade design optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 118699"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation on the recycling potential of additively manufactured carbon fiber reinforced PA 6.6 关于加成型碳纤维增强 PA 6.6 回收潜力的研究

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composite Structures

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118683

C. Lohr , A. Trauth , J. Schukraft , S. Leher , K.A. Weidenmann

Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) are already used in a wide range of applications such as automotive, aerospace and renewable energy industries and demand on this material class is increasing steadily. As demand increases, the amount of CFRP waste, either from production or at the end of life of components, increases simultaneously and sustainable solutions such as disposal, reuse or recycling of fiber reinforced materials getting more and more important.

In this paper one possibility for recycling short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6.6 (CF/PA 6.6) is presented. The recycling process includes shredding of the material, drying and filament extrusion to enable a reuse of the material with an additive manufacturing process. The focus of this investigation is on the mechanical properties of the recycled filaments itself as well as on the 3D printed specimen considered recycled filaments. The properties at different stages of the short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6.6 recycling process were investigated, including the juvenile CF/PA 6.6 as well as specimens made from one- or two-times recycled material. Mechanical performance was evaluated by tensile, bending and impact testing. Experimental results pointed out that no significant difference in performance of juvenile and recycled materials was observed for tensile and flexural loads. The impact strength of the recycled specimen decreased to a small extent.

碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）已被广泛应用于汽车、航空航天和可再生能源等行业，对这一类材料的需求也在稳步增长。随着需求的增加，碳纤维增强塑料（CFRP）在生产过程中或部件报废时产生的废料量也随之增加，因此纤维增强材料的处置、再利用或回收等可持续解决方案变得越来越重要。回收过程包括材料粉碎、干燥和长丝挤压，以便通过增材制造工艺实现材料的再利用。本次研究的重点是再生长丝本身以及考虑了再生长丝的 3D 打印试样的机械性能。研究了短碳纤维增强聚酰胺 6.6 回收过程中不同阶段的性能，包括幼体 CF/PA 6.6 以及由一次或两次回收材料制成的试样。机械性能通过拉伸、弯曲和冲击测试进行评估。实验结果表明，在拉伸和弯曲载荷下，未加工材料和回收材料的性能没有明显差异。再生试样的冲击强度略有下降。

{"title":"Investigation on the recycling potential of additively manufactured carbon fiber reinforced PA 6.6","authors":"C. Lohr , A. Trauth , J. Schukraft , S. Leher , K.A. Weidenmann","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) are already used in a wide range of applications such as automotive, aerospace and renewable energy industries and demand on this material class is increasing steadily. As demand increases, the amount of CFRP waste, either from production or at the end of life of components, increases simultaneously and sustainable solutions such as disposal, reuse or recycling of fiber reinforced materials getting more and more important.</div><div>In this paper one possibility for recycling short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6.6 (CF/PA 6.6) is presented. The recycling process includes shredding of the material, drying and filament extrusion to enable a reuse of the material with an additive manufacturing process. The focus of this investigation is on the mechanical properties of the recycled filaments itself as well as on the 3D printed specimen considered recycled filaments. The properties at different stages of the short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6.6 recycling process were investigated, including the juvenile CF/PA 6.6 as well as specimens made from one- or two-times recycled material. Mechanical performance was evaluated by tensile, bending and impact testing. Experimental results pointed out that no significant difference in performance of juvenile and recycled materials was observed for tensile and flexural loads. The impact strength of the recycled specimen decreased to a small extent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 118683"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical investigations of interlaminar shear behaviors of CFRP composites at cryogenic and high temperatures 低温和高温条件下 CFRP 复合材料层间剪切行为的实验和数值研究

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composite Structures

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118681

W.J. Huang , Y.T. Li , Y.M. Zhang , Z.M. Xiao , W.G. Li

The interlaminar shear strength and failure modes of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites at different temperatures ranged from 90 K to 353 K were thoroughly investigated by the short beam shear tests. Considering the three different lay-up configurations, i.e., unidirectional, cross-ply and angle-ply, the results showed that the interlaminar shear strength of the unidirectional laminates increased by 67.5 % with the decrease of temperature from room temperature down to 90 K, while they were insignificantly affected by cryogenic temperature for both the cross-ply and angle-ply laminates. A numerical model of short beam shear behavior was developed to calculate the interlaminar shear strength, and the results were found to be in a good agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, the observations of fracture surfaces using a scanning electron microscope provided the insights into the failure modes of the laminates at the microscopic scale. At 90 K the delamination in the unidirectional laminates was obvious, extending toward to the edge of the specimen. In the cross-ply laminates, a few large penetrating cracks appeared in the mid-plane, several small matrix cracks and voids were obvious in the fracture surface of the specimen. Additionally, the multiple cracks formed by the delamination were observed in the angle-ply laminates.

通过短梁剪切试验，深入研究了碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料在 90 K 至 353 K 不同温度下的层间剪切强度和破坏模式。结果表明，单向层压板的层间剪切强度随着温度从室温降至 90 K 而增加了 67.5%，而交叉层压板和角层压板的层间剪切强度受低温影响不大。为了计算层间剪切强度，我们建立了一个短梁剪切行为数值模型，结果发现与实验数据非常吻合。此外，通过扫描电子显微镜对断裂表面的观察，可以深入了解层压板在微观尺度上的破坏模式。在 90 K 时，单向层压板的分层很明显，向试样边缘延伸。在交叉层压板中，中间平面出现了几条大的贯穿裂缝，试样断裂面上出现了几条小的基体裂缝和空洞。此外，在角材层压板中还观察到分层形成的多条裂缝。

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigations of interlaminar shear behaviors of CFRP composites at cryogenic and high temperatures","authors":"W.J. Huang , Y.T. Li , Y.M. Zhang , Z.M. Xiao , W.G. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interlaminar shear strength and failure modes of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites at different temperatures ranged from 90 K to 353 K were thoroughly investigated by the short beam shear tests. Considering the three different lay-up configurations, i.e., unidirectional, cross-ply and angle-ply, the results showed that the interlaminar shear strength of the unidirectional laminates increased by 67.5 % with the decrease of temperature from room temperature down to 90 K, while they were insignificantly affected by cryogenic temperature for both the cross-ply and angle-ply laminates. A numerical model of short beam shear behavior was developed to calculate the interlaminar shear strength, and the results were found to be in a good agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, the observations of fracture surfaces using a scanning electron microscope provided the insights into the failure modes of the laminates at the microscopic scale. At 90 K the delamination in the unidirectional laminates was obvious, extending toward to the edge of the specimen. In the cross-ply laminates, a few large penetrating cracks appeared in the mid-plane, several small matrix cracks and voids were obvious in the fracture surface of the specimen. Additionally, the multiple cracks formed by the delamination were observed in the angle-ply laminates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 118681"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical properties of diamond-type triply periodic minimal surface structures fabricated by photo-curing 3D printing 通过光固化三维打印技术制造的金刚石型三重周期性最小表面结构的力学性能

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composite Structures

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118695

Chengjun Zeng , Junqi Hu , Liwu Liu , Wei Zhao , Xiaozhou Xin , Xuehao Song , Yanju Liu , Jinsong Leng

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures have attracted significant attention owing to their smooth surface configuration and parametric modeling properties. In this study, photo-curing 3D printing was employed to generate diamond-type TPMS structures, and micro-CT scanning revealed the presence of internal defects within the 3D printed TPMS structures. Two key design variables were explored: volume fraction and unit cell size. Quasi-static compression experiments were conducted to delve into the compression properties and energy absorption capabilities of the 3D printed TPMS structures. The findings reveal that increasing the volume fraction significantly enhances the compressive modulus, ultimate strength, and energy absorption capacity of TPMS structures. Additionally, increasing the cell size improves compression properties and energy absorption per unit volume. To predict the coupling effect of volume fraction and unit cell size on the compression performance of TPMS structures, a bivariate quadratic regression model was established. In addition, TPMS structures were subjected to load-unload cyclic experiments, shedding light on the evolution patterns of residual strain and hysteresis energy during cyclic loading. It provides insights into the design of reusable and fatigue-resistant diamond-type TPMS structures for various engineering applications.

三周期最小表面（TPMS）结构因其光滑的表面构造和参数建模特性而备受关注。本研究采用光固化三维打印技术生成金刚石型 TPMS 结构，并通过显微 CT 扫描发现三维打印 TPMS 结构内部存在缺陷。研究探讨了两个关键的设计变量：体积分数和单元尺寸。为了深入研究三维打印 TPMS 结构的压缩特性和能量吸收能力，还进行了准静态压缩实验。研究结果表明，增加体积分数可显著提高 TPMS 结构的压缩模量、极限强度和能量吸收能力。此外，增大单元尺寸还能改善单位体积的压缩性能和能量吸收能力。为了预测体积分数和单元尺寸对 TPMS 结构压缩性能的耦合效应，建立了一个二元二次回归模型。此外，还对 TPMS 结构进行了加载-卸载循环实验，揭示了循环加载过程中残余应变和滞后能的演变规律。该研究为各种工程应用中可重复使用且抗疲劳的金刚石型 TPMS 结构的设计提供了启示。

{"title":"Mechanical properties of diamond-type triply periodic minimal surface structures fabricated by photo-curing 3D printing","authors":"Chengjun Zeng , Junqi Hu , Liwu Liu , Wei Zhao , Xiaozhou Xin , Xuehao Song , Yanju Liu , Jinsong Leng","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures have attracted significant attention owing to their smooth surface configuration and parametric modeling properties. In this study, photo-curing 3D printing was employed to generate diamond-type TPMS structures, and micro-CT scanning revealed the presence of internal defects within the 3D printed TPMS structures. Two key design variables were explored: volume fraction and unit cell size. Quasi-static compression experiments were conducted to delve into the compression properties and energy absorption capabilities of the 3D printed TPMS structures. The findings reveal that increasing the volume fraction significantly enhances the compressive modulus, ultimate strength, and energy absorption capacity of TPMS structures. Additionally, increasing the cell size improves compression properties and energy absorption per unit volume. To predict the coupling effect of volume fraction and unit cell size on the compression performance of TPMS structures, a bivariate quadratic regression model was established. In addition, TPMS structures were subjected to load-unload cyclic experiments, shedding light on the evolution patterns of residual strain and hysteresis energy during cyclic loading. It provides insights into the design of reusable and fatigue-resistant diamond-type TPMS structures for various engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 118695"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0