Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120089
Vladimír Hostinský , Jurij Sodja , Ivo Jebáček , Jan Navrátil
Current advances in the structural optimization of aircraft structures have led to the introduction of sandwich panels into the optimization process. This study attempts to extend the possibilities of sandwich optimization by proposing an analytical model which predicts the homogenized properties of a sandwich panel with a honeycomb core and CFRP skins. The model is based on a combination of Classical laminate theory and a 1-D beam model of the honeycomb core. The finite-element equivalent of tensile and shear tests is used to validate the proposed model on a broad range of core geometries with different combinations of core thickness, wall angle, cell elongation, and cell wall thickness. The results of 425 different geometries showed the overall precision of the proposed model, highlighted effects in the behavior of the core that drive the sandwich properties further from the predicted values, and suggested which parts of the model are suitable for optimization and where are their limits of applicability.
{"title":"Limits of analytical models of sandwich structures for optimization","authors":"Vladimír Hostinský , Jurij Sodja , Ivo Jebáček , Jan Navrátil","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current advances in the structural optimization of aircraft structures have led to the introduction of sandwich panels into the optimization process. This study attempts to extend the possibilities of sandwich optimization by proposing an analytical model which predicts the homogenized properties of a sandwich panel with a honeycomb core and CFRP skins. The model is based on a combination of Classical laminate theory and a 1-D beam model of the honeycomb core. The finite-element equivalent of tensile and shear tests is used to validate the proposed model on a broad range of core geometries with different combinations of core thickness, wall angle, cell elongation, and cell wall thickness. The results of 425 different geometries showed the overall precision of the proposed model, highlighted effects in the behavior of the core that drive the sandwich properties further from the predicted values, and suggested which parts of the model are suitable for optimization and where are their limits of applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120089"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120084
Tiantian Wang , Tong Yu , Chengrui Jiang , Yan Yu , Jiayi Fu , Jinbo Zhu , Qun Zhang , Jiajiu Liang , Zhebin Xue , Ruoxin Li , Guangtao Chang
Currently, hydrogel sensors utilizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) as flexible substrates are receiving increasing attention in wearable applications. With the proliferation of high-cost conductive materials, how to reduce the cost of conductive materials while imparting excellent conductivity to hydrogels has become a hot topic. This study innovatively employs commercial reactive dyes (reactive blue 194, reactive yellow 145, reactive red 195) as multifunctional additives to construct PVA/CS hydrogels. This strategy enables a single dye to simultaneously fulfill three functions: providing conductivity through its ionic nature, enhancing mechanical properties via physical interactions with the polymer, and imparting stable coloring to the system. Compared to expensive novel conductive materials, this design significantly reduces costs while maintaining high performance. Additionally, through one-pot synthesis, freeze–thaw cycling, and glycerol impregnation, multifunctional colored hydrogels were successfully fabricated: exhibiting tensile strength of 6.29 MPa, elongation at break of 497%, toughness and Young’s modulus of 16 MJ/m3 and 1.87 MPa, respectively, with electrical conductivity reaching 0.95 S/m. This material demonstrates high sensitivity in strain sensing, cyclic sensing, motion detection, and pressure sensing (GF = 6.12), with a response time of 43 ms. It offers novel insights and approaches for achieving coloration and multifunctionality in smart flexible sensors.
{"title":"Reactive dye-reinforced PVA-based high-strength, highly conductive coloured hydrogel flexible sensors for joint monitoring and pressure sensing","authors":"Tiantian Wang , Tong Yu , Chengrui Jiang , Yan Yu , Jiayi Fu , Jinbo Zhu , Qun Zhang , Jiajiu Liang , Zhebin Xue , Ruoxin Li , Guangtao Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, hydrogel sensors utilizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) as flexible substrates are receiving increasing attention in wearable applications. With the proliferation of high-cost conductive materials, how to reduce the cost of conductive materials while imparting excellent conductivity to hydrogels has become a hot topic. This study innovatively employs commercial reactive dyes (reactive blue 194, reactive yellow 145, reactive red 195) as multifunctional additives to construct PVA/CS hydrogels. This strategy enables a single dye to simultaneously fulfill three functions: providing conductivity through its ionic nature, enhancing mechanical properties via physical interactions with the polymer, and imparting stable coloring to the system. Compared to expensive novel conductive materials, this design significantly reduces costs while maintaining high performance. Additionally, through one-pot synthesis, freeze–thaw cycling, and glycerol impregnation, multifunctional colored hydrogels were successfully fabricated: exhibiting tensile strength of 6.29 MPa, elongation at break of 497%, toughness and Young’s modulus of 16 MJ/m<sup>3</sup> and 1.87 MPa, respectively, with electrical conductivity reaching 0.95 S/m. This material demonstrates high sensitivity in strain sensing, cyclic sensing, motion detection, and pressure sensing (GF = 6.12), with a response time of 43 ms. It offers novel insights and approaches for achieving coloration and multifunctionality in smart flexible sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120084"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120062
Xiaokai Yin, Hongyu Cui, Haoming Hu, Huanqiu Xu, Tiange Yang
Lightweight lattice structures have become optimal candidates for structural load-bearing and energy-absorbing applications, owing to their high specific strength and superior energy absorption. Nevertheless, conventional stretch-dominated and bending-dominated lattice structures inherently trade off mechanical properties for deformation stability. Recent advancements highlight the exceptional mechanical properties of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)-based lattice structures, attributable to their distinctive topological configurations. This research introduces a novel skeletal lattice (NSL) based on TPMS topology to address the performance deficiencies of traditional lattices. Samples were fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) technology, and their stress–strain responses and deformation characteristics were analyzed through quasi-static compression tests. Coupling experimental results with finite element modeling enabled a comprehensive assessment of the lattice’s compressive mechanical behavior, elucidating its deformation mechanisms. Findings reveal NSL significantly outperforms conventional lattices in specific energy absorption, specific strength, and crushing load efficiency—improving 573.2 %, 305.7 %, and 33.9 % over body-centered cubic (BCC), and 221.3 %, 7.2 %, and 157.0 % relative to Octet. This structural innovation successfully mitigates the inherent performance trade-offs of traditional lattice designs, realizing concurrent enhancements in mechanical strength, energy absorption, and deformation stability. The proposed NSL structure demonstrates broad applicability within engineering domains, including lightweight load-bearing components and high-performance energy-absorbing materials.
{"title":"Design and mechanical characterization of novel triply periodic minimal surface-based lattice structures with high strength and energy absorption","authors":"Xiaokai Yin, Hongyu Cui, Haoming Hu, Huanqiu Xu, Tiange Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightweight lattice structures have become optimal candidates for structural load-bearing and energy-absorbing applications, owing to their high specific strength and superior energy absorption. Nevertheless, conventional stretch-dominated and bending-dominated lattice structures inherently trade off mechanical properties for deformation stability. Recent advancements highlight the exceptional mechanical properties of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)-based lattice structures, attributable to their distinctive topological configurations. This research introduces a novel skeletal lattice (NSL) based on TPMS topology to address the performance deficiencies of traditional lattices. Samples were fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) technology, and their stress–strain responses and deformation characteristics were analyzed through quasi-static compression tests. Coupling experimental results with finite element modeling enabled a comprehensive assessment of the lattice’s compressive mechanical behavior, elucidating its deformation mechanisms. Findings reveal NSL significantly outperforms conventional lattices in specific energy absorption, specific strength, and crushing load efficiency—improving 573.2 %, 305.7 %, and 33.9 % over body-centered cubic (BCC), and 221.3 %, 7.2 %, and 157.0 % relative to Octet. This structural innovation successfully mitigates the inherent performance trade-offs of traditional lattice designs, realizing concurrent enhancements in mechanical strength, energy absorption, and deformation stability. The proposed NSL structure demonstrates broad applicability within engineering domains, including lightweight load-bearing components and high-performance energy-absorbing materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120062"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inclined crack termination at the interface is an inevitable issue during the fabrication and service of piezoelectric-piezomagnetic layered composites, posing a serious threat to structural integrity. However, research on this critical problem remains scarce because of theoretical and numerical computational complexity. Therefore, based on the Stroh method and the concept of axis conjugation, this paper firstly derives the analytic expressions for the crack-tip field when a crack terminates at the interface of piezoelectric-piezomagnetic bimaterials at an arbitrary angle. Particular attention is then paid to how the crack-interface angle and the component material properties affect the crack-tip (extended stress) singularity. By the example analyses, lots of key and novel conclusions have been drawn. Among others, the oscillatory singularity at the crack tip occurs only when the crack-interface angle is close to 0° or 180°, and it is most pronounced when the crack lies directly along the interface. As the crack-interface angle approaches 90°, the oscillatory singularity disappears, but the strength of crack-tip singularity progressively intensifies. For piezoelectric-piezomagnetic layered composites composed of identical constituent materials, the crack-tip singularity is more pronounced for a crack perpendicular to the interface within the piezomagnetic material compared to a crack perpendicular to the interface within the piezoelectric material. These should have important guiding value for the application of piezoelectric-piezomagnetic layered structures and/or devices.
{"title":"Crack-tip field properties of a crack terminating at the interface of piezoelectric-piezomagnetic bimaterials at an arbitrary angle","authors":"Zhen Yan , Chao Wen , Wenjie Feng , Chuanzeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inclined crack termination at the interface is an inevitable issue during the fabrication and service of piezoelectric-piezomagnetic layered composites, posing a serious threat to structural integrity. However, research on this critical problem remains scarce because of theoretical and numerical computational complexity. Therefore, based on the Stroh method and the concept of axis conjugation, this paper firstly derives the analytic expressions for the crack-tip field when a crack terminates at the interface of piezoelectric-piezomagnetic bimaterials at an arbitrary angle. Particular attention is then paid to how the crack-interface angle and the component material properties affect the crack-tip (extended stress) singularity. By the example analyses, lots of key and novel conclusions have been drawn. Among others, the oscillatory singularity at the crack tip occurs only when the crack-interface angle is close to 0° or 180°, and it is most pronounced when the crack lies directly along the interface. As the crack-interface angle approaches 90°, the oscillatory singularity disappears, but the strength of crack-tip singularity progressively intensifies. For piezoelectric-piezomagnetic layered composites composed of identical constituent materials, the crack-tip singularity is more pronounced for a crack perpendicular to the interface within the piezomagnetic material compared to a crack perpendicular to the interface within the piezoelectric material. These should have important guiding value for the application of piezoelectric-piezomagnetic layered structures and/or devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120101"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120082
Yuanhao Xia , Yiping Zhao , Dongsheng Li , Zeyu Sun , Yu Gao , Dengteng Ge , Lili Yang
Thermoplastic composite tubes are widely used in aerospace and transportation for their high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent energy absorption, design flexibility and high-temperature stability, serving as key crash-energy absorbers in automotive and aerospace structures. However, fabricating low-density tubes with high energy absorption and clarifying their failure mechanisms remain challenging. Herein, a novel wrapping-braiding-hot pressing process is reported for continuous carbon-fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CCF/PEEK) tubes with ultra-low density (0.5–0.6 g/cm3) and high specific energy absorption (SEA, 55.8 kJ/kg). PEEK powder impregnation and filament wrapping enhance fiber-resin wetting. Under quasi-static compression conditions, axial yarn reinforcement boosts performance: tubes with 14 axial yarns exhibit 77.5% higher total energy absorption (EA) and 53.3% higher SEA than those without axial yarns. At 170 °C, the compressive performance and SEA retention exceed 95%. X-ray computed tomography reveals failure modes including braid rupture, prepreg fracture, matrix cracking and delamination, providing a novel strategy for high-performance thermoplastic composite tube fabrication.
{"title":"Enhanced energy absorption of CF/PEEK tube via a novel wrapping-braiding-hot pressing method","authors":"Yuanhao Xia , Yiping Zhao , Dongsheng Li , Zeyu Sun , Yu Gao , Dengteng Ge , Lili Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoplastic composite tubes are widely used in aerospace and transportation for their high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent energy absorption, design flexibility and high-temperature stability, serving as key crash-energy absorbers in automotive and aerospace structures. However, fabricating low-density tubes with high energy absorption and clarifying their failure mechanisms remain challenging. Herein, a novel wrapping-braiding-hot pressing process is reported for continuous carbon-fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CCF/PEEK) tubes with ultra-low density (0.5–0.6 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) and high specific energy absorption (SEA, 55.8 kJ/kg). PEEK powder impregnation and filament wrapping enhance fiber-resin wetting. Under quasi-static compression conditions, axial yarn reinforcement boosts performance: tubes with 14 axial yarns exhibit 77.5% higher total energy absorption (EA) and 53.3% higher SEA than those without axial yarns. At 170 °C, the compressive performance and SEA retention exceed 95%. X-ray computed tomography reveals failure modes including braid rupture, prepreg fracture, matrix cracking and delamination, providing a novel strategy for high-performance thermoplastic composite tube fabrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120082"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120085
Wenxuan Xia, Erkan Oterkus, Selda Oterkus
This paper presents a scalable three-dimensional computational framework for the homogenization of cracked composite materials using the ordinary state-based peridynamic formulation. The method integrates a generalized bond-breaking algorithm, based on a modified Möller–Trumbore raytracing scheme, which transforms arbitrary crack surfaces into triangle mesh representations, enabling robust and geometry-independent fracture detection. Volumetric periodic boundary conditions are implemented to ensure energetic consistency and compatibility with the Hill–Mandel macro-homogeneity condition.
To address the substantial computational cost of 3D nonlocal models, the framework employs MPI-based domain decomposition combined with PETSc iterative solvers, achieving strong parallel scalability for representative volume elements (RVEs) containing millions of material points. Numerical experiments on fiber-reinforced composite RVEs, both intact and pre-cracked, demonstrate the framework’s ability to capture complex three-dimensional fracture patterns and accurately predict effective stiffness properties.
The proposed approach offers a robust, general purpose, and high performance solution for microscale fracture analysis and homogenization in composite materials, with potential applicability to broader classes of heterogeneous and damage-prone materials.
{"title":"Three-dimensional computational homogenization of cracked composite materials using state-based peridynamics and MPI parallelization","authors":"Wenxuan Xia, Erkan Oterkus, Selda Oterkus","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a scalable three-dimensional computational framework for the homogenization of cracked composite materials using the ordinary state-based peridynamic formulation. The method integrates a generalized bond-breaking algorithm, based on a modified Möller–Trumbore raytracing scheme, which transforms arbitrary crack surfaces into triangle mesh representations, enabling robust and geometry-independent fracture detection. Volumetric periodic boundary conditions are implemented to ensure energetic consistency and compatibility with the Hill–Mandel macro-homogeneity condition.</div><div>To address the substantial computational cost of 3D nonlocal models, the framework employs MPI-based domain decomposition combined with PETSc iterative solvers, achieving strong parallel scalability for representative volume elements (RVEs) containing millions of material points. Numerical experiments on fiber-reinforced composite RVEs, both intact and pre-cracked, demonstrate the framework’s ability to capture complex three-dimensional fracture patterns and accurately predict effective stiffness properties.</div><div>The proposed approach offers a robust, general purpose, and high performance solution for microscale fracture analysis and homogenization in composite materials, with potential applicability to broader classes of heterogeneous and damage-prone materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120085"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120078
Yanchu Chen , Hui Guo , Pei Sun , Shuang Huang , Yansong Wang , Xiaolong Xie
The application of honeycomb metamaterials in low-frequency vibration isolation is limited by the mass law. To overcome the limitation, two innovative designs are proposed: a ligament-reinforced self-similar star-shaped honeycomb metamaterial (LSSHM) and a ligament-oscillator star-shaped honeycomb metamaterial (LSHM). Their load-bearing and vibration isolation properties are investigated through equivalent models, simulations, and experiments. Results show that the LSHM increases the compressive load capacity by 244 % over the original star-shaped honeycomb metamaterial (OSHM) and exhibits a complete bandgap (BG) from 371 to 797 Hz (426 Hz bandwidth). Parametric analysis indicates that ligament angle and thickness provide effective means for the dual tuning of structural stiffness and BG properties. This work provides a viable design strategy for multifunctional metamaterials that integrate these two critical properties.
{"title":"Performance study of high load-bearing and low-frequency vibration-isolating ligament-oscillator star-shaped honeycomb metamaterial","authors":"Yanchu Chen , Hui Guo , Pei Sun , Shuang Huang , Yansong Wang , Xiaolong Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of honeycomb metamaterials in low-frequency vibration isolation is limited by the mass law. To overcome the limitation, two innovative designs are proposed: a ligament-reinforced self-similar star-shaped honeycomb metamaterial (LSSHM) and a ligament-oscillator star-shaped honeycomb metamaterial (LSHM). Their load-bearing and vibration isolation properties are investigated through equivalent models, simulations, and experiments. Results show that the LSHM increases the compressive load capacity by 244 % over the original star-shaped honeycomb metamaterial (OSHM) and exhibits a complete bandgap (BG) from 371 to 797 Hz (426 Hz bandwidth). Parametric analysis indicates that ligament angle and thickness provide effective means for the dual tuning of structural stiffness and BG properties. This work provides a viable design strategy for multifunctional metamaterials that integrate these two critical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120078"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120099
Jiahui Wei , Yifan Zhang , Xiaojia Wu , Dianshen Li , Qiwei Guo , Daijun Zhang , Chao Li , Yanfeng Liu , Pengfei Jiang , Yingjie Yan , Junhua Guo , Yanan Jiao , Li Chen
3D layer-to-layer interlock woven composites (3D LTLIWCs) are inevitably subjected to the severe cyclic vibration fatigue environment in the application of aero-engine structures and their durability should be proven. In this paper, three 3D LTLIWCs with different preform structure types are prepared by adjusting warp interlacing frequency. First-order cantilever bending resonance tests are conducted at four stress levels to evaluate dynamic response. The characterization capabilities of two fatigue life models are compared. The interrupted fatigue tests incorporating with optical microscopy and micro-computed tomography are employed to illustrate damage evolution. The results show that the fatigue life of 3D LTLIWCs decreases gradually with increasing stress levels. However, due to its lowest warp interlacing frequency, the SS structure effectively dissipates and transfers fatigue stress, resulting in the longest fatigue life among all structures. The frequency degradation occurs in three phases: stable, linear, and accelerating. Compared to the Basquin model, the Weibull model demonstrates superior fitting capability and predictive accuracy, and is used to was used to estimate the stress limit values of PS, TS, and SS that can withstand 107 cycles without failure, which are 125 MPa, 134 MPa, and 173 MPa respectively. The damage undergoes an evolution process involving matrix cracking, interfacial debonding, fiber bundle splitting, and yarn fracture. Besides, the interfacial debonding length of SS is longer than that of PS and TS, but its warps is not prone to catastrophic shear fracture and the overall damage degree is low.
{"title":"Vibration fatigue behavior and failure mechanism of 3D layer-to-layer interlock woven composites","authors":"Jiahui Wei , Yifan Zhang , Xiaojia Wu , Dianshen Li , Qiwei Guo , Daijun Zhang , Chao Li , Yanfeng Liu , Pengfei Jiang , Yingjie Yan , Junhua Guo , Yanan Jiao , Li Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D layer-to-layer interlock woven composites (3D LTLIWCs) are inevitably subjected to the severe cyclic vibration fatigue environment in the application of aero-engine structures and their durability should be proven. In this paper, three 3D LTLIWCs with different preform structure types are prepared by adjusting warp interlacing frequency. First-order cantilever bending resonance tests are conducted at four stress levels to evaluate dynamic response. The characterization capabilities of two fatigue life models are compared. The interrupted fatigue tests incorporating with optical microscopy and micro-computed tomography are employed to illustrate damage evolution. The results show that the fatigue life of 3D LTLIWCs decreases gradually with increasing stress levels. However, due to its lowest warp interlacing frequency, the SS structure effectively dissipates and transfers fatigue stress, resulting in the longest fatigue life among all structures. The frequency degradation occurs in three phases: stable, linear, and accelerating. Compared to the Basquin model, the Weibull model demonstrates superior fitting capability and predictive accuracy, and is used to was used to estimate the stress limit values of PS, TS, and SS that can withstand 10<sup>7</sup> cycles without failure, which are 125 MPa, 134 MPa, and 173 MPa respectively. The damage undergoes an evolution process involving matrix cracking, interfacial debonding, fiber bundle splitting, and yarn fracture. Besides, the interfacial debonding length of SS is longer than that of PS and TS, but its warps is not prone to catastrophic shear fracture and the overall damage degree is low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120099"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120102
R.S. Chahar , T. Mukhopadhyay
Structural integrity of composite laminates can be significantly affected by damage resulting from lightning strikes. Accurately quantifying the residual strength and stiffness post-lightning strike, while accounting for inevitable compound uncertainties in temperature-dependent material properties due to manufacturing irregularities, defects such as random voids and stochastic lightning current parameters, is crucial for ensuring the operational safety of key composite structural components in aircraft. Here, we introduce a Bayesian inference-driven stochastic framework that integrates finite element-based hybrid thermal–electrical–mechanical simulations for uncertainty quantification in residual mechanical properties of composite laminates, wherein the parameters are estimated based on Markov chain Monte Carlo approach along with the Gibbs sampling algorithm. The inherent disadvantages concerning over-fitting and dealing with extraordinarily high-dimensional input parameter space in traditional surrogate-based Monte Carlo simulation methods for uncertainty quantification can be averted through the current approach. To obtain adequate confidence in the presented uncertainty quantification results, the probabilistic descriptions and B-basis design allowable obtained using the current Bayesian approach are compared with full-scale Monte Carlo simulations and classical non-parametric Bootstrap method. The maximum likelihood estimation-based machine learning model is further exploited for global sensitivity analysis to assess the relative influence of various governing parameters on residual mechanical properties post-lightning strike.
{"title":"Bayesian uncertainty quantification of residual mechanical properties post lightning strike: Stochastic multi-physical simulations of composite laminates including spatially-random void distribution","authors":"R.S. Chahar , T. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural integrity of composite laminates can be significantly affected by damage resulting from lightning strikes. Accurately quantifying the residual strength and stiffness post-lightning strike, while accounting for inevitable compound uncertainties in temperature-dependent material properties due to manufacturing irregularities, defects such as random voids and stochastic lightning current parameters, is crucial for ensuring the operational safety of key composite structural components in aircraft. Here, we introduce a Bayesian inference-driven stochastic framework that integrates finite element-based hybrid thermal–electrical–mechanical simulations for uncertainty quantification in residual mechanical properties of composite laminates, wherein the parameters are estimated based on Markov chain Monte Carlo approach along with the Gibbs sampling algorithm. The inherent disadvantages concerning over-fitting and dealing with extraordinarily high-dimensional input parameter space in traditional surrogate-based Monte Carlo simulation methods for uncertainty quantification can be averted through the current approach. To obtain adequate confidence in the presented uncertainty quantification results, the probabilistic descriptions and B-basis design allowable obtained using the current Bayesian approach are compared with full-scale Monte Carlo simulations and classical non-parametric Bootstrap method. The maximum likelihood estimation-based machine learning model is further exploited for global sensitivity analysis to assess the relative influence of various governing parameters on residual mechanical properties post-lightning strike.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120102"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120083
Mujahed Alsomiri , Yiyi Zhou , Yi Min Xie , Xubo Zhang
Topology optimization of anisotropic short‑fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (SFRCC) remains a challenging task due to their complex behavior and failure modes. This study presents a novel concurrent optimization framework for SFRCC that simultaneously optimizes structural topology and short fiber orientations. The approach extends the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method to handle cementitious composites with direction-dependent properties, pressure–sensitivity, and tension–compression asymmetry through a formulated anisotropic Drucker-Prager (ADP) criterion. Fiber orientations are biased towards evolving load paths for maximum efficiency and bounded by manufacturing-aware feasible deviations. The optimization model minimizes a global p‑norm aggregation of element‑wise ADP failure indices, with sensitivities derived via adjoint analysis for both topology and fiber orientation variables. The update schemes for the topology and fibers are implemented by an iterative alternating optimization algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using several benchmark examples. The impacts of the design and initialization parameters are systematically examined, providing insights into the topological responses under varied conditions. The results show that the approach yields stable, robust, and structurally efficient designs, serving as a practical design tool for SFRCC structures with tailored anisotropy.
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