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Mechanical behavior and load-sharing mechanism of plain-weave CFRP/Al bonded-bolted joint at −50 °C, 23 °C and +120 °C
IF 6.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119048
Jiang-Bo Bai , Hao Xu , Yun-Tao Zhu , Nicholas Fantuzzi , Si-Yuan Tian , Peng-Cheng Cao
This paper investigates the load-sharing mechanism of plain-weave carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (PWCFRP) and aluminum alloy (Al) hybrid bonded-bolted joints under varying temperature conditions. Quasi-static tension and tension–tension fatigue tests were conducted on PWCFRP/Al bonded, bolted, and hybrid bonded-bolted joints at −50 °C, 23 °C, and 120 °C. Based on the experimental results, the influences of temperature and loading type on the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of the joints were analyzed. Then, a load-sharing model was proposed for hybrid joints based on the test data. It is found that: i) at all three temperatures, the failure process in hybrid joints involves three characteristic stages. In Stage I, the adhesive solely bears the load. In Stage II, the adhesive and the bolt bear the load together. In Stage III, the bolt bears the load independently. ii) The lower damage initiation load of the hybrid joint than the bonded joint is mainly due to the thread embedment induced adhesive failure; iii) With increasing temperature, joint performance of the three types of joints declines, accompanied by changing in failure modes; iv) As the loading cycles accumulate, the nominal residual displacement of the joint increased monotonically at three temperatures, while nominal residual joint stiffness first increases then gradually decreases; v) The proposed model accurately forecasts the Stage II at −50 °C and 23 °C, with a maximum error of 6 % in the prediction of the peak load.
{"title":"Mechanical behavior and load-sharing mechanism of plain-weave CFRP/Al bonded-bolted joint at −50 °C, 23 °C and +120 °C","authors":"Jiang-Bo Bai ,&nbsp;Hao Xu ,&nbsp;Yun-Tao Zhu ,&nbsp;Nicholas Fantuzzi ,&nbsp;Si-Yuan Tian ,&nbsp;Peng-Cheng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the load-sharing mechanism of plain-weave carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (PWCFRP) and aluminum alloy (Al) hybrid bonded-bolted joints under varying temperature conditions. Quasi-static tension and tension–tension fatigue tests were conducted on PWCFRP/Al bonded, bolted, and hybrid bonded-bolted joints at −50 °C, 23 °C, and 120 °C. Based on the experimental results, the influences of temperature and loading type on the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of the joints were analyzed. Then, a load-sharing model was proposed for hybrid joints based on the test data. It is found that: i) at all three temperatures, the failure process in hybrid joints involves three characteristic stages. In Stage I, the adhesive solely bears the load. In Stage II, the adhesive and the bolt bear the load together. In Stage III, the bolt bears the load independently. ii) The lower damage initiation load of the hybrid joint than the bonded joint is mainly due to the thread embedment induced adhesive failure; iii) With increasing temperature, joint performance of the three types of joints declines, accompanied by changing in failure modes; iv) As the loading cycles accumulate, the nominal residual displacement of the joint increased monotonically at three temperatures, while nominal residual joint stiffness first increases then gradually decreases; v) The proposed model accurately forecasts the Stage II at −50 °C and 23 °C, with a maximum error of 6 % in the prediction of the peak load.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 119048"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robust multi-curve trimming IGA method for layerwise composite plates with arbitrary cutouts
IF 6.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119043
D.M. Li , Kai Chen , Peng Hao , Zhangming Wu
Isogeometric analysis (IGA) provides a promising method for analysis, design and optimization of constant or variable stiffness composite laminates with inevitable cutouts. In this paper, a robust multi-curve trimming IGA modelling framework for composite plates with arbitrary complex cutouts is developed. A novel searching algorithm is proposed and developed to address the core challenge of correctly and reliably determining whether a point is in the multi-curve trimmed region. This searching algorithm is based on the angle bisector vector of the tangent vectors of two trimming curves at their intersection point. Through a comprehensive analysis of different conditions, new trimming element decomposition rules are introduced to develop a precise numerical integration method for multi-curve trimmed elements. This proposed robust multi-curve trimming method overcomes some limitations of conventional trimming curves analysis, particularly in analyzing arbitrary complex cutouts. With this proposed robust multi-curve trimming algorithm, an IGA modelling framework based on the generalized layerwise plate theory for the free vibrational analysis of composite laminates with either straight or curvilinear fibers is presented. The novel, simple, and effective multi-curve trimming IGA approach, as demonstrated in numerical examples, allows for precise modeling of arbitrarily complex cutouts of constant or variable stiffness laminated composite plates, yielding accurate results with high efficiency.
{"title":"Robust multi-curve trimming IGA method for layerwise composite plates with arbitrary cutouts","authors":"D.M. Li ,&nbsp;Kai Chen ,&nbsp;Peng Hao ,&nbsp;Zhangming Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isogeometric analysis (IGA) provides a promising method for analysis, design and optimization of constant or variable stiffness composite laminates with inevitable cutouts. In this paper, a robust multi-curve trimming IGA modelling framework for composite plates with arbitrary complex cutouts is developed. A novel searching algorithm is proposed and developed to address the core challenge of correctly and reliably determining whether a point is in the multi-curve trimmed region. This searching algorithm is based on the angle bisector vector of the tangent vectors of two trimming curves at their intersection point. Through a comprehensive analysis of different conditions, new trimming element decomposition rules are introduced to develop a precise numerical integration method for multi-curve trimmed elements. This proposed robust multi-curve trimming method overcomes some limitations of conventional trimming curves analysis, particularly in analyzing arbitrary complex cutouts. With this proposed robust multi-curve trimming algorithm, an IGA modelling framework based on the generalized layerwise plate theory for the free vibrational analysis of composite laminates with either straight or curvilinear fibers is presented. The novel, simple, and effective multi-curve trimming IGA approach, as demonstrated in numerical examples, allows for precise modeling of arbitrarily complex cutouts of constant or variable stiffness laminated composite plates, yielding accurate results with high efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 119043"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Chebyshev shear deformation model for laminated composite plates
IF 6.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119045
Chien H. Thai , PT. Hung , T. Rabczuk , H. Nguyen-Xuan , P. Phung-Van
This paper introduces a Chebyshev shear deformation model based on the Chebyshev polynomial for static analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates. The third-order and fifth-order Chebyshev shear deformation models are defined by corresponded changing the order of the Chebyshev polynomial, respectively. The proposed model offers a simple, concise, and effective approach compared to existing models. By employing the principle of virtual work, a weak form formulation is derived and solved via using isogeometric analysis. The higher-order continuity inherent in Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) within the framework of isogeometric analysis facilitates the straightforward computation of shear stresses through the integration of the equilibrium equations. This offers a significant advantage over the standard finite element method, where accurate shear stress calculations can be particularly challenging. Furthermore, shear stresses obtained via equilibrium integration generally exhibit superior accuracy compared to those derived from the constitutive equations, particularly when compared to a 3D elasticity model. The deflection of laminated composite and sandwich plates is influenced by factors such as geometry, aspect ratio, material properties, and the number of layers. The effectiveness of the proposed model is clearly evidenced by the strong correspondence between its numerical results and well-established findings in the literature.
{"title":"A Chebyshev shear deformation model for laminated composite plates","authors":"Chien H. Thai ,&nbsp;PT. Hung ,&nbsp;T. Rabczuk ,&nbsp;H. Nguyen-Xuan ,&nbsp;P. Phung-Van","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a Chebyshev shear deformation model based on the Chebyshev polynomial for static analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates. The third-order and fifth-order Chebyshev shear deformation models are defined by corresponded changing the order of the Chebyshev polynomial, respectively. The proposed model offers a simple, concise, and effective approach compared to existing models. By employing the principle of virtual work, a weak form formulation is derived and solved via using isogeometric analysis. The higher-order continuity inherent in Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) within the framework of isogeometric analysis facilitates the straightforward computation of shear stresses through the integration of the equilibrium equations. This offers a significant advantage over the standard finite element method, where accurate shear stress calculations can be particularly challenging. Furthermore, shear stresses obtained via equilibrium integration generally exhibit superior accuracy compared to those derived from the constitutive equations, particularly when compared to a 3D elasticity model. The deflection of laminated composite and sandwich plates is influenced by factors such as geometry, aspect ratio, material properties, and the number of layers. The effectiveness of the proposed model is clearly evidenced by the strong correspondence between its numerical results and well-established findings in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 119045"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification and modeling of sandwich composite for possible structural reuse after over 20 years working as aerodynamic shell
IF 6.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119039
Ł. Pyrzowski, M. Rucka, A. Sabik
This paper focuses on the identification and modeling of a sandwich composite material derived from a decommissioned wind turbine blade for potential structural reuse. The main research question was whether it is possible, based solely on the recovered material, to achieve an identification accurate enough to model the nonlinear response of the shell structure with satisfactory agreement. To address this, material parameters and constitutive laws were identified and validated separately for both the laminate and the foam. Three-point bending tests of sandwich beams were then performed and then simulated based on the previous assumptions and identifications. The comparison showed that the results of numerical analysis can be highly accurate when compared with experimental data. This confirms the validity of proposed methodology for material identification and material models.
{"title":"Identification and modeling of sandwich composite for possible structural reuse after over 20 years working as aerodynamic shell","authors":"Ł. Pyrzowski,&nbsp;M. Rucka,&nbsp;A. Sabik","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on the identification and modeling of a sandwich composite material derived from a decommissioned wind turbine blade for potential structural reuse. The main research question was whether it is possible, based solely on the recovered material, to achieve an identification accurate enough to model the nonlinear response of the shell structure with satisfactory agreement. To address this, material parameters and constitutive laws were identified and validated separately for both the laminate and the foam. Three-point bending tests of sandwich beams were then performed and then simulated based on the previous assumptions and identifications. The comparison showed that the results of numerical analysis can be highly accurate when compared with experimental data. This confirms the validity of proposed methodology for material identification and material models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 119039"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A critical verification of beam and shell models of wind turbine blades
IF 6.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.118999
Ernesto Camarena, Evan Anderson
Ever-increasing wind turbine size has challenged predictive capabilities on several fronts. To address part of the blade structural modeling uncertainty, a systematic model fidelity comparison study was conducted on commonly used finite elements. pyNuMAD was utilized to create beam, shell, and solid models of a 100 m long blade undergoing large static deflections. The solid model avoided the use of layered-solid elements by resolving core and facesheet layers. An unprecedented model with 73.7 million elements revealed insights that have never been possible from prior experimental and numerical studies. As compared to the solid element model, the tip deflection from the shell and beam model was found to be about 2% and 4.3% too low, respectively. The twist from the beam model was found to be about 5.6% too high, while the twist from shell model was 24% too low, though improvement was demonstrated with mesh refinement. The beam model adhesive stresses were more accurate than the shell model. Out-of-plane stresses were of great significance near geometric and material discontinuities, and neither the shell nor beam model captured these effects well. Failure predictions from beam, shell, or layered-solid models are unlikely to be reliable at trailing edges, adhesives, ply-drops, spar-cap boundaries.
{"title":"A critical verification of beam and shell models of wind turbine blades","authors":"Ernesto Camarena,&nbsp;Evan Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.118999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.118999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ever-increasing wind turbine size has challenged predictive capabilities on several fronts. To address part of the blade structural modeling uncertainty, a systematic model fidelity comparison study was conducted on commonly used finite elements. pyNuMAD was utilized to create beam, shell, and solid models of a 100 m long blade undergoing large static deflections. The solid model avoided the use of layered-solid elements by resolving core and facesheet layers. An unprecedented model with 73.7 million elements revealed insights that have never been possible from prior experimental and numerical studies. As compared to the solid element model, the tip deflection from the shell and beam model was found to be about 2% and 4.3% too low, respectively. The twist from the beam model was found to be about 5.6% too high, while the twist from shell model was 24% too low, though improvement was demonstrated with mesh refinement. The beam model adhesive stresses were more accurate than the shell model. Out-of-plane stresses were of great significance near geometric and material discontinuities, and neither the shell nor beam model captured these effects well. Failure predictions from beam, shell, or layered-solid models are unlikely to be reliable at trailing edges, adhesives, ply-drops, spar-cap boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 118999"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A novel method for constructing 3D void RVE elements and rapid homogenization of composite materials
IF 6.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119040
Xiangxi Li , Mengze Li , Fengyi Zhang , Fanrui Kong , Di Yang , Weiwei Qu , Yinglin Ke
This article provides a method for modeling large-scale three-dimensional (3D) void defect Representative Volume Elements (RVE) with high fiber volume fractions and performing rapid homogenization. A 3D multi-section void construction method based on the Ferguson curve is proposed, along with an “inertia algorithm” that obtains optimal fiber positioning by minimizing overall inertia, taking the influence of void positioning into account. This method enables the rapid generation of 3D void defect RVE models with high fiber volume fractions. A model simplification and rapid homogenization method based on a multi-scale approach is proposed, in which the RVE containing void defects is treated as a mesoscopic structure with fiber-resin and void regions considered as two microcosmic structures. The fiber-resin region is regarded as a new material, simplifying the initial fiber-resin-void three-phase model into a two-phase model of the new material and voids. The simplified model has only 9.2% of the initial mesh elements and a homogenization time of 6.7%, achieving rapid homogenization. The rapid homogenization method was validated using two existing void RVE models, revealing an accuracy of over 95% for the obtained elastic constants.
{"title":"A novel method for constructing 3D void RVE elements and rapid homogenization of composite materials","authors":"Xiangxi Li ,&nbsp;Mengze Li ,&nbsp;Fengyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Fanrui Kong ,&nbsp;Di Yang ,&nbsp;Weiwei Qu ,&nbsp;Yinglin Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article provides a method for modeling large-scale three-dimensional (3D) void defect Representative Volume Elements (RVE) with high fiber volume fractions and performing rapid homogenization. A 3D multi-section void construction method based on the Ferguson curve is proposed, along with an “inertia algorithm” that obtains optimal fiber positioning by minimizing overall inertia, taking the influence of void positioning into account. This method enables the rapid generation of 3D void defect RVE models with high fiber volume fractions. A model simplification and rapid homogenization method based on a multi-scale approach is proposed, in which the RVE containing void defects is treated as a mesoscopic structure with fiber-resin and void regions considered as two microcosmic structures. The fiber-resin region is regarded as a new material, simplifying the initial fiber-resin-void three-phase model into a two-phase model of the new material and voids. The simplified model has only 9.2% of the initial mesh elements and a homogenization time of 6.7%, achieving rapid homogenization. The rapid homogenization method was validated using two existing void RVE models, revealing an accuracy of over 95% for the obtained elastic constants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 119040"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A tree-based machine learning surrogate model for predicting off-axis tensile mechanical properties of 2.5D woven composites at high temperatures
IF 6.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119044
Chao Zhang , Zhouyang Bian , Tinh Quoc Bui , Jose L Curiel-Sosa
Textile composite structures in specific engineering applications can face safety concerns arising from exposure to high temperatures and off-axis loadings. High-fidelity finite element (FE) simulations and analytical models are both labor-intensive and time-consuming when predicting the mechanical behavior of textile composites under such loadings. To address this challenge, we develop a tree-based machine learning (ML) surrogate model for predicting the off-axis mechanical properties of warp-reinforced 2.5D woven composites in high temperature environments. To this setting, the tensile modulus and strength can be directly obtained based on the given temperature and off-axis angle, and the predicted results are in good agreement with FE simulations solutions. This study is expected to offer novel insights for the development of early warning systems that monitor abnormal temperatures and off-axis loadings in textile composite structures.
{"title":"A tree-based machine learning surrogate model for predicting off-axis tensile mechanical properties of 2.5D woven composites at high temperatures","authors":"Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhouyang Bian ,&nbsp;Tinh Quoc Bui ,&nbsp;Jose L Curiel-Sosa","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Textile composite structures in specific engineering applications can face safety concerns arising from exposure to high temperatures and off-axis loadings. High-fidelity finite element (FE) simulations and analytical models are both labor-intensive and time-consuming when predicting the mechanical behavior of textile composites under such loadings. To address this challenge, we develop a tree-based machine learning (ML) surrogate model for predicting the off-axis mechanical properties of warp-reinforced 2.5D woven composites in high temperature environments. To this setting, the tensile modulus and strength can be directly obtained based on the given temperature and off-axis angle, and the predicted results are in good agreement with FE simulations solutions. This study is expected to offer novel insights for the development of early warning systems that monitor abnormal temperatures and off-axis loadings in textile composite structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 119044"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constitutive model for nonlinear anisotropic swelling and self-growing of polymers and gels
IF 6.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119020
Guangzheng Lv , Yunlong Li , Haohui Zhang
Due to exceptional swelling properties, gel polymers can form shape-deforming structures, rendering them suitable for applications. Research on dynamic polymers and polymer gels has developed several novel mechanisms beyond the swelling mechanism. These novel mechanisms also enable dynamic polymers to undergo shape transformations over time within a solution environment. Specifically, under certain environmental conditions, monomer solutions can undergo monomer insertion and facilitate the formation of new polymer chains. This process endows the polymer gel network with self-growing characteristics, making it better suited to meet the demands of applications in engineering. Introducing anisotropy into hydrogels makes it possible to meet the demands for non-uniform deformation of polymer gel structures in many scenarios, thereby facilitating the programmable anisotropic swelling. Although the potential applications of these technologies are extensive, many aspects of the self-growth and swelling deformation behaviors in anisotropic polymer gels remain underexplored. A micro-theoretical investigation into the self-growth process of fiber-reinforced polymer gels is proposed. The embedding of fibers within the growable polymer matrix is shown to guide the material toward exhibiting overall anisotropic behavior. To describe this response in detail, a constitutive model for self-growing fiber-reinforced polymer gels was developed and implemented through numerical simulations, which provides a theoretical foundation for predicting the complex deformation behaviors of anisotropic biomaterials.
{"title":"Constitutive model for nonlinear anisotropic swelling and self-growing of polymers and gels","authors":"Guangzheng Lv ,&nbsp;Yunlong Li ,&nbsp;Haohui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to exceptional swelling properties, gel polymers can form shape-deforming structures, rendering them suitable for applications. Research on dynamic polymers and polymer gels has developed several novel mechanisms beyond the swelling mechanism. These novel mechanisms also enable dynamic polymers to undergo shape transformations over time within a solution environment. Specifically, under certain environmental conditions, monomer solutions can undergo monomer insertion and facilitate the formation of new polymer chains. This process endows the polymer gel network with self-growing characteristics, making it better suited to meet the demands of applications in engineering. Introducing anisotropy into hydrogels makes it possible to meet the demands for non-uniform deformation of polymer gel structures in many scenarios, thereby facilitating the programmable anisotropic swelling. Although the potential applications of these technologies are extensive, many aspects of the self-growth and swelling deformation behaviors in anisotropic polymer gels remain underexplored. A micro-theoretical investigation into the self-growth process of fiber-reinforced polymer gels is proposed. The embedding of fibers within the growable polymer matrix is shown to guide the material toward exhibiting overall anisotropic behavior. To describe this response in detail, a constitutive model for self-growing fiber-reinforced polymer gels was developed and implemented through numerical simulations, which provides a theoretical foundation for predicting the complex deformation behaviors of anisotropic biomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 119020"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A micromechanical model for the determination of nonlinear coupled electro-magneto-thermo-elastic effects on magnetoelectric composites
IF 6.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119017
Ziwei Li , Junjie Ye , Lu Liu , Yiwei Wang , Yang Li , Yang Shi , Dianzi Liu
Magnetoelectric (ME) composites composed of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials have excellent energy conversion properties. In this paper, a novel micromechanical modeling framework is proposed to study the effective material properties and nonlinear electro-magneto-elastic behaviors of magnetoelectric composites under multiple physical fields. Initially, a fully coupled nonlinear electro-magneto-thermo-elastic constitutive relationship is established. Based on finite volume direct averaging micromechanics (FVDAM), the local stress, electric displacement and magnetic flux density distribution of discrete elements are obtained by constructing the generalized local stiffness matrix and assembling the global stiffness matrix. The equivalent material coefficients of the magnetoelectric composite are obtained by employing the homogenization technique. Results of the numerical model are compared with different discrete elements and experimental data to verify the convergence and effectiveness of the developed algorithm. Moreover, effects of external prestress, ambient temperature, microscopic structure and applied magnetic field intensity on material properties such as magnetoelectric and piezomagnetic coefficients are investigated. Finally, the influences of initial damage and constituent phase volume fraction on the equivalent material coefficient and local mechanical response are discussed. The promising results provide a solid foundation for theoretical study and useful insight into the optimal design of high-performance ME composites.
{"title":"A micromechanical model for the determination of nonlinear coupled electro-magneto-thermo-elastic effects on magnetoelectric composites","authors":"Ziwei Li ,&nbsp;Junjie Ye ,&nbsp;Lu Liu ,&nbsp;Yiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Yang Shi ,&nbsp;Dianzi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetoelectric (ME) composites composed of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials have excellent energy conversion properties. In this paper, a novel micromechanical modeling framework is proposed to study the effective material properties and nonlinear electro-magneto-elastic behaviors of magnetoelectric composites under multiple physical fields. Initially, a fully coupled nonlinear electro-magneto-thermo-elastic constitutive relationship is established. Based on finite volume direct averaging micromechanics (FVDAM), the local stress, electric displacement and magnetic flux density distribution of discrete elements are obtained by constructing the generalized local stiffness matrix and assembling the global stiffness matrix. The equivalent material coefficients of the magnetoelectric composite are obtained by employing the homogenization technique. Results of the numerical model are compared with different discrete elements and experimental data to verify the convergence and effectiveness of the developed algorithm. Moreover, effects of external prestress, ambient temperature, microscopic structure and applied magnetic field intensity on material properties such as magnetoelectric and piezomagnetic coefficients are investigated. Finally, the influences of initial damage and constituent phase volume fraction on the equivalent material coefficient and local mechanical response are discussed. The promising results provide a solid foundation for theoretical study and useful insight into the optimal design of high-performance ME composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 119017"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of an extrapolation method to predict the flexural properties of glass-fiber/epoxy composites subject to hygrothermal aging
IF 6.3 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119038
Geovane de A.S. da Silva , José R.M. d’Almeida , Daniel C.T. Cardoso , Priscilla S.C. Vieira , Bruno J. Lopes , Antonio H.M. da F.T. da Silva , Valber A. Perrut
This work deals with the mechanical degradation of glass-fiber/epoxy composites used in repairs of offshore metal pipelines exposed to aging in a saline environment. The materials used were a bicomponent DGEBA epoxy and a woven bidirectional E-glass fabric. In order to simulate the harsh environment, the composite was exposed to accelerated hygrothermal aging tests in three independent salt spray chambers at temperatures of 35, 55 and 70 °C. The composite had its mass gain and three-point bending properties monitored over time. It was observed that temperature played a major role in accelerating properties’ degradation. Additionally, for long-term exposure, the retention of mechanical properties presented a plateau, which could be perfectly modeled by the modified Phani and Bose model, proposed in this work. An innovative predictive methodology was developed based on this model, allowing extrapolation of long-term aging tests to temperatures different from those analyzed experimentally, including ambient temperature. The methodology developed is the key strength to be highlighted in the work, which allowed data extrapolation, reducing the number of experiments to evaluate the aging process of composites.
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Composite Structures
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