Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120144
Wenbo Li , Jintao Zhu , Mingyang Chen , Feipeng Wang , Zeshuai Yuan , Junping Li , Liao-Liang Ke
The interlaminar tensile strength (ILTS) is one of the most crucial mechanical properties regulating the performance of ceramic matrix composites (CMC). In this study, we propose a novel method for measuring ILTS based on three-point bending tests, which is validated through finite element (FE) simulations. The method involves bonding stacked laminates to achieve a composite beam, effectively avoiding the difficulty arising from manufacturing thick laminates. By employing this innovative approach, the ILTS of CMC reinforced by carbon fiber is successfully measured. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and acoustic emission (AE) systems are utilized to investigate the failure patterns and processes. The results show that the ILTS values obtained through the developed method are both accurate and reliable, offering a practical approach for ILTS measurement. Besides, the study reveals that the failure in CMC laminates is primarily driven by delamination, which is attributed to the debonding between the fibers and the matrix. The damage is mainly characterized by cracking of the ceramic matrix, while the carbon fibers remain largely undamaged.
{"title":"A novel three-point bending approach for evaluating the interlaminar tensile strength of ceramic matrix composites","authors":"Wenbo Li , Jintao Zhu , Mingyang Chen , Feipeng Wang , Zeshuai Yuan , Junping Li , Liao-Liang Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interlaminar tensile strength (ILTS) is one of the most crucial mechanical properties regulating the performance of ceramic matrix composites (CMC). In this study, we propose a novel method for measuring ILTS based on three-point bending tests, which is validated through finite element (FE) simulations. The method involves bonding stacked laminates to achieve a composite beam, effectively avoiding the difficulty arising from manufacturing thick laminates. By employing this innovative approach, the ILTS of CMC reinforced by carbon fiber is successfully measured. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and acoustic emission (AE) systems are utilized to investigate the failure patterns and processes. The results show that the ILTS values obtained through the developed method are both accurate and reliable, offering a practical approach for ILTS measurement. Besides, the study reveals that the failure in CMC laminates is primarily driven by delamination, which is attributed to the debonding between the fibers and the matrix. The damage is mainly characterized by cracking of the ceramic matrix, while the carbon fibers remain largely undamaged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 120144"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite laminate under repeated low-velocity impacts exhibits progressive stiffness degradation and contact stiffening phenomena due to localized hardening around the contact zone. Existing single impact analytical models cannot predict both effects simultaneously, necessitating expensive numerical simulations. To address this limitation, the present study introduces a novel analytical framework that integrates a Multiple Concentric Ring Theory (MCRT) with a phenomenological hardening function to model repeated impact behavior in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates. The MCRT idealizes the impact zone as a series of concentric regions with progressively reduced stiffness, governed by an energy based damage law. Concurrently, the hardening function captures the transient local stiffening that arises from matrix yielding during early impacts, enabling accurate reproduction of the characteristic non-monotonic force response. The analytical model dynamically updates bending, shear, and membrane stiffness within a two degree of freedom spring-mass framework, providing a physically consistent and computationally efficient alternative to high-fidelity numerical simulations. Model predictions show excellent agreement with experimental data and finite element results in terms of peak contact force, displacement evolution, and damage propagation, establishing a robust foundation for life prediction and impact tolerance assessment of composite laminates under repeated low-velocity impact loading.
{"title":"Efficient analytical modeling of progressive damage and contact stiffening in composite laminate under repeated impacts","authors":"Vikram Manoj Kumar Neesu , Vibhuti Bhushan Pandey , Puneet Mahajan , Harpreet Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite laminate under repeated low-velocity impacts exhibits progressive stiffness degradation and contact stiffening phenomena due to localized hardening around the contact zone. Existing single impact analytical models cannot predict both effects simultaneously, necessitating expensive numerical simulations. To address this limitation, the present study introduces a novel analytical framework that integrates a Multiple Concentric Ring Theory (MCRT) with a phenomenological hardening function to model repeated impact behavior in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates. The MCRT idealizes the impact zone as a series of concentric regions with progressively reduced stiffness, governed by an energy based damage law. Concurrently, the hardening function captures the transient local stiffening that arises from matrix yielding during early impacts, enabling accurate reproduction of the characteristic non-monotonic force response. The analytical model dynamically updates bending, shear, and membrane stiffness within a two degree of freedom spring-mass framework, providing a physically consistent and computationally efficient alternative to high-fidelity numerical simulations. Model predictions show excellent agreement with experimental data and finite element results in terms of peak contact force, displacement evolution, and damage propagation, establishing a robust foundation for life prediction and impact tolerance assessment of composite laminates under repeated low-velocity impact loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 120138"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ceramic fiber fabrics are vital for high-temperature morphing skins due to their exceptional thermal stability and structural adaptability. However, their mechanical properties are strongly influenced by weave architecture, necessitating detailed and systematic characterization. Current challenges include the lack of robust predictive theoretical models and the inefficiencies of experimental methods. This study tackles these issues by developing a parametric modeling framework for 2D woven fabrics using three topological parameters, combined with an automated simulation system to evaluate tensile and shear properties through Python-driven numerical analysis. The framework demonstrates high predictive accuracy, validated by experimental data. Additionally, an artificial neural network (ANN) surrogate model employs the resulting property database to reveal correlations between weave architecture and mechanical properties. A novel integrated resistance factor is introduced to comprehensively assess mechanical performance, identifying plain weave architectures as optimal for combined tensile and shear resistance. This ANN-based surrogate model approach significantly improves efficiency in material design and performance prediction.
{"title":"Rapid mechanical prediction of woven ceramic fabrics via a neural network surrogate model based on the parameterized unit cell","authors":"Zhou Jiang , Mingming Xu , Jian Sun , Jinsong Leng","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ceramic fiber fabrics are vital for high-temperature morphing skins due to their exceptional thermal stability and structural adaptability. However, their mechanical properties are strongly influenced by weave architecture, necessitating detailed and systematic characterization. Current challenges include the lack of robust predictive theoretical models and the inefficiencies of experimental methods. This study tackles these issues by developing a parametric modeling framework for 2D woven fabrics using three topological parameters, combined with an automated simulation system to evaluate tensile and shear properties through Python-driven numerical analysis. The framework demonstrates high predictive accuracy, validated by experimental data. Additionally, an artificial neural network (ANN) surrogate model employs the resulting property database to reveal correlations between weave architecture and mechanical properties. A novel integrated resistance factor is introduced to comprehensively assess mechanical performance, identifying plain weave architectures as optimal for combined tensile and shear resistance. This ANN-based surrogate model approach significantly improves efficiency in material design and performance prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120107"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120116
Hang Liu , Xiang Xu , Huijie Guo , Xin Wang , Guangding Wang , Qiansheng Tang , Zhe Liu , Yong Zhang , Zhen Li , Pengfei Wang
Lightweight mechanical metastructures are widely used for energy absorption. However, most existing designs are plastically irreversible after loading, which limits their reusability. While modular strategies enhance scalability and manufacturability, conventional modular metastructures often fail to combine efficient energy dissipation with recoverable deformation. To address these limitations, this study introduces modular mechanical metastructures (MMMs) that combine discrete self-locking architectures with the shape memory effect of polymers. This design ensures stable load transfer during compression and facilitates thermally activated shape recovery. Three MMM configurations with distinct internal topologies are designed and investigated through quasi-static compression experiments and validated finite element simulations. A global Sobol sensitivity analysis identifies a clear hierarchy of parameter control, where outer wall thickness dominates energy absorption capacity and load-bearing response, while interlocking angle primarily governs energy absorption efficiency, indicating significant parameter interactions. At the same relative density, the MMM achieves a specific energy absorption of 7.5 J/g, surpassing conventional honeycomb and Luban-lock-inspired structures by approximately 147% and 235%, respectively. Additionally, over 90% shape recovery is achieved within 50 s, enabling repeatable energy absorption. These findings establish a reconfigurable and recoverable modular design framework for lightweight, energy-absorbing structures.
{"title":"Out-of-plane mechanical properties of modular mechanical metastructures with repeatable load capacity","authors":"Hang Liu , Xiang Xu , Huijie Guo , Xin Wang , Guangding Wang , Qiansheng Tang , Zhe Liu , Yong Zhang , Zhen Li , Pengfei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightweight mechanical metastructures are widely used for energy absorption. However, most existing designs are plastically irreversible after loading, which limits their reusability. While modular strategies enhance scalability and manufacturability, conventional modular metastructures often fail to combine efficient energy dissipation with recoverable deformation. To address these limitations, this study introduces modular mechanical metastructures (MMMs) that combine discrete self-locking architectures with the shape memory effect of polymers. This design ensures stable load transfer during compression and facilitates thermally activated shape recovery. Three MMM configurations with distinct internal topologies are designed and investigated through quasi-static compression experiments and validated finite element simulations. A global Sobol sensitivity analysis identifies a clear hierarchy of parameter control, where outer wall thickness dominates energy absorption capacity and load-bearing response, while interlocking angle primarily governs energy absorption efficiency, indicating significant parameter interactions. At the same relative density, the MMM achieves a specific energy absorption of 7.5 J/g, surpassing conventional honeycomb and Luban-lock-inspired structures by approximately 147% and 235%, respectively. Additionally, over 90% shape recovery is achieved within 50 s, enabling repeatable energy absorption. These findings establish a reconfigurable and recoverable modular design framework for lightweight, energy-absorbing structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120116"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120088
Xingyu Zhang, Meng Han
The failure of Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites in high-temperature service environments invariably results from the synergistic interaction of oxidation and fracture. A phase-field model is developed for thermal–mechanical–chemical coupling in C/C composites, systematically considering thermochemical ablation and mechanical fracture along with their synergistic effects. The model integrates thermal, oxygen reaction–diffusion, and mechanical damage within a unified multiphysics framework, in which mechanical degradation is captured through a reaction–diffusion equation and phase–field–dependent damage constitutive laws. The model is validated through multiscale analyses, including stressed oxidation tests at the microscale and post-oxidation tensile failure simulations of the Representative Volume Element (RVE) at the mesoscale. The framework elucidates the synergistic mechanisms of oxidation and crack evolution in high-temperature environments and clarifies the influence of oxidation time, temperature, and diffusion–reaction regimes on the degradation of mechanical properties. It provides a unified and reliable multiscale tool for evaluating failure mechanisms and damage tolerance of C/C composites in oxidative environments.
{"title":"A phase-field model for thermal–mechanical–chemical coupling analysis of carbon/carbon composites","authors":"Xingyu Zhang, Meng Han","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The failure of Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites in high-temperature service environments invariably results from the synergistic interaction of oxidation and fracture. A phase-field model is developed for thermal–mechanical–chemical coupling in C/C composites, systematically considering thermochemical ablation and mechanical fracture along with their synergistic effects. The model integrates thermal, oxygen reaction–diffusion, and mechanical damage within a unified multiphysics framework, in which mechanical degradation is captured through a reaction–diffusion equation and phase–field–dependent damage constitutive laws. The model is validated through multiscale analyses, including stressed oxidation tests at the microscale and post-oxidation tensile failure simulations of the Representative Volume Element (RVE) at the mesoscale. The framework elucidates the synergistic mechanisms of oxidation and crack evolution in high-temperature environments and clarifies the influence of oxidation time, temperature, and diffusion–reaction regimes on the degradation of mechanical properties. It provides a unified and reliable multiscale tool for evaluating failure mechanisms and damage tolerance of C/C composites in oxidative environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120088"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120115
Yuxin Jiao , Jing Li , Yaochen Shi , Qinghua Li
To address the problem of fiber and steel matrix composite shedding, this study took inspiration from the highly adhesive characteristics of tree frog toe pads. A steel matrix with adhesive properties was realized by laser-constructing surface-modified hexagonal structures that imitated tree frog toe pads to yield Kevlar fiber/steel and carbon fiber/steel bionic structural composites. The bionic structure of the tree frog-like toe pad was shown to have the most significant effect on the composite bonding performance. The composite shear strength of Kevlar and carbon fibers with the steel of the bionic structure mimicking a tree frog toe pad was increased by about 107.76% and 150.76%, respectively. Analysis revealed that the tree frog toe pad structure increased the effective contact area over the steel–fiber interface, while a capillary effect was generated by solid–liquid contact. The coupling of these effects resulted in an increase in the normal force between the contact surfaces and enhancement of the anti-shear performance.
{"title":"Fiber composites reinforced with laser-constructed biomimetic structures: bonding performance maximization and mechanism elucidation","authors":"Yuxin Jiao , Jing Li , Yaochen Shi , Qinghua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the problem of fiber and steel matrix composite shedding, this study took inspiration from the highly adhesive characteristics of tree frog toe pads. A steel matrix with adhesive properties was realized by laser-constructing surface-modified hexagonal structures that imitated tree frog toe pads to yield Kevlar fiber/steel and carbon fiber/steel bionic structural composites. The bionic structure of the tree frog-like toe pad was shown to have the most significant effect on the composite bonding performance. The composite shear strength of Kevlar and carbon fibers with the steel of the bionic structure mimicking a tree frog toe pad was increased by about 107.76% and 150.76%, respectively. Analysis revealed that the tree frog toe pad structure increased the effective contact area over the steel–fiber interface, while a capillary effect was generated by solid–liquid contact. The coupling of these effects resulted in an increase in the normal force between the contact surfaces and enhancement of the anti-shear performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120115"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120055
Wenbin Ye , Lei Gan , Jun Liu , Peiqing Wang , Chenxi Ji , Liang Chen , Haibo Wang , Xinwei Song
In this paper, a novel three-dimensional (3D) semi-analytical formulation for the thermal stress and buckling analyses of laminated plates subjected to complex thermal loading is proposed, utilizing the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). Based on 3D thermoelasticity theory, precise physical modeling is conducted for individual layers of laminated plate structures. This approach eliminates the inherent kinematic assumptions of classical laminated plate theories, thereby ensuring the numerical results’ stability and computational accuracy, and effectively overcoming the limitations of equivalent single-layer theories in predicting transverse deformations and interlaminar stresses. Within the SBFEM framework, inhomogeneous constant-coefficient ordinary differential equations for the thermal stress and buckling analyses of laminated plates, as well as an innovative solution procedure based on the precise integration method (PIM), are established. The proposed model only requires two-dimensional discretization of the structural surfaces, reducing the total degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the model. The thickness direction of the structure is analytically solved using the PIM, which effectively guarantees the stability, accuracy, and efficiency of numerical computations. This model features simple formulations, straightforward derivation of the governing equations, and ease of programming implementation. Numerical results demonstrate its advantages, including a fast convergence rate, strong numerical robustness, high computational accuracy, and wide applicability, thereby providing a novel approach for the accurate solution of thermoelastic problems in laminated plate structures.
{"title":"Novel 3D semi-analytical formulation via SBFEM for thermal stress and buckling analyses of laminated plates with 2D discretization","authors":"Wenbin Ye , Lei Gan , Jun Liu , Peiqing Wang , Chenxi Ji , Liang Chen , Haibo Wang , Xinwei Song","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a novel three-dimensional (3D) semi-analytical formulation for the thermal stress and buckling analyses of laminated plates subjected to complex thermal loading is proposed, utilizing the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). Based on 3D thermoelasticity theory, precise physical modeling is conducted for individual layers of laminated plate structures. This approach eliminates the inherent kinematic assumptions of classical laminated plate theories, thereby ensuring the numerical results’ stability and computational accuracy, and effectively overcoming the limitations of equivalent single-layer theories in predicting transverse deformations and interlaminar stresses. Within the SBFEM framework, inhomogeneous constant-coefficient ordinary differential equations for the thermal stress and buckling analyses of laminated plates, as well as an innovative solution procedure based on the precise integration method (PIM), are established. The proposed model only requires two-dimensional discretization of the structural surfaces, reducing the total degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the model. The thickness direction of the structure is analytically solved using the PIM, which effectively guarantees the stability, accuracy, and efficiency of numerical computations. This model features simple formulations, straightforward derivation of the governing equations, and ease of programming implementation. Numerical results demonstrate its advantages, including a fast convergence rate, strong numerical robustness, high computational accuracy, and wide applicability, thereby providing a novel approach for the accurate solution of thermoelastic problems in laminated plate structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120055"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120071
Ariangelo Hauer Dias Filho , Benjamim de Melo Carvalho , Andrew Colin Gleadall , Rafael Thiago Luiz Ferreira
Additive manufacturing allows the production of multiphase structures with customizable mechanical properties. This study proposes a unit cell for bimaterial honeycombs, followed by experimental and numerical tests. The honeycombs were fabricated by FFF (fused filament fabrication) material extrusion using PET and PET-CF (PET with short carbon fibers), with tool paths generated directly in FullControl design software. Each beam of the unit cell contains both materials side-by-side (double-wall configuration). The composite content is adjustable by varying the thicknesses of the phases, allowing modulation of equivalent properties. Compression tests evaluated the mechanical behavior, while Asymptotic Homogenization (AH) was used to numerically estimate the equivalent properties. Response surfaces based on AH were developed to estimate variations in equivalent properties as a function of composite content. The experimental and numerical results showed strong agreement. The main contribution of this work is the proposal of honeycombs with tailorable mechanical properties, supported by numerical simulations and experiments. The proposed honeycombs have the potential to modulate mechanical properties, as demonstrated through the design of composite material phases: certain configurations exhibit increased structural performance while maintaining a similar use of expensive reinforcing material in terms of volume fraction. These findings highlight the potential for functionally tailored structures in lightweight engineering applications.
{"title":"Bimaterial honeycomb structures additively manufactured with short carbon fiber composites: Design proposition, asymptotic homogenization and properties testing","authors":"Ariangelo Hauer Dias Filho , Benjamim de Melo Carvalho , Andrew Colin Gleadall , Rafael Thiago Luiz Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing allows the production of multiphase structures with customizable mechanical properties. This study proposes a unit cell for bimaterial honeycombs, followed by experimental and numerical tests. The honeycombs were fabricated by FFF (fused filament fabrication) material extrusion using PET and PET-CF (PET with short carbon fibers), with tool paths generated directly in FullControl design software. Each beam of the unit cell contains both materials side-by-side (double-wall configuration). The composite content is adjustable by varying the thicknesses of the phases, allowing modulation of equivalent properties. Compression tests evaluated the mechanical behavior, while Asymptotic Homogenization (AH) was used to numerically estimate the equivalent properties. Response surfaces based on AH were developed to estimate variations in equivalent properties as a function of composite content. The experimental and numerical results showed strong agreement. The main contribution of this work is the proposal of honeycombs with tailorable mechanical properties, supported by numerical simulations and experiments. The proposed honeycombs have the potential to modulate mechanical properties, as demonstrated through the design of composite material phases: certain configurations exhibit increased structural performance while maintaining a similar use of expensive reinforcing material in terms of volume fraction. These findings highlight the potential for functionally tailored structures in lightweight engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 120071"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119987
H. Vidinha, M.A. Neto, R. Branco
This study outlines a numerical framework for assessing the reusability of glass fibre-reinforced polymer laminates exposed to marine environments. The proposed approach integrates Fick’s law to model moisture diffusion, Puck’s failure criteria to predict fibre-dominated and matrix-dominated failure modes, and the element weakening method to simulate progressive material degradation. Experimental validation was conducted using specimens previously subjected to fatigue loading. Seven groups of reused specimens were created: one without aqueous diffusion during reuse and six with varying levels of seawater-induced damage considering two exposure times (70 and 300 days) and three permeability conditions controlled by applying coatings to selected surfaces of the specimens. The proposed numerical framework provided good predictions of ultimate tensile strength and contributed to understanding the mechanical behaviour of the tested composite material, proving to be suitable for assessing the reusability of polymer composite laminates. While the ultimate tensile strength did not decrease significantly with additional seawater damage, the changes in Young’s modulus were pronounced, emphasising the need for careful consideration in extended-use applications. In this context, incorporating surface coatings can mitigate the degradation induced by seawater exposure and improve the overall mechanical performance and longevity.
{"title":"Numerical framework for assessing the reusability of polymer laminates in marine environments under static loading","authors":"H. Vidinha, M.A. Neto, R. Branco","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study outlines a numerical framework for assessing the reusability of glass fibre-reinforced polymer laminates exposed to marine environments. The proposed approach integrates Fick’s law to model moisture diffusion, Puck’s failure criteria to predict fibre-dominated and matrix-dominated failure modes, and the element weakening method to simulate progressive material degradation. Experimental validation was conducted using specimens previously subjected to fatigue loading. Seven groups of reused specimens were created: one without aqueous diffusion during reuse and six with varying levels of seawater-induced damage considering two exposure times (70 and 300 days) and three permeability conditions controlled by applying coatings to selected surfaces of the specimens. The proposed numerical framework provided good predictions of ultimate tensile strength and contributed to understanding the mechanical behaviour of the tested composite material, proving to be suitable for assessing the reusability of polymer composite laminates. While the ultimate tensile strength did not decrease significantly with additional seawater damage, the changes in Young’s modulus were pronounced, emphasising the need for careful consideration in extended-use applications. In this context, incorporating surface coatings can mitigate the degradation induced by seawater exposure and improve the overall mechanical performance and longevity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"382 ","pages":"Article 119987"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2026.120108
Salman Zandekarimi , Laura Galuppi , Gianni Royer-Carfagni
Although individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess extraordinary mechanical properties, the macroscopic axial stiffness of assembled fibers, obtained through spinning, falls significantly short of theoretical expectations due to suboptimal load transfer between CNTs. We develop a first-principles multiscale analytical model that explicitly accounts for interfacial shear compliance to predict the effective axial stiffness. Assuming the fiber is a 1D array of aligned CNTs merged in a shear-compliant matrix, we variationally derive closed-form solutions for the effective Young’s modulus. A key contribution is the identification of an internal length scale — determined by CNT geometry and stiffness, and interfacial properties — which controls stress transfer efficiency. We establish asymptotic bounds through limiting-case analysis and validate its closed-form expressions against both simulated and experimental data for various fiber architectures. The model allows to interpret effective fiber properties from full-field micromechanical simulations for systems with well-characterized inputs. When applied to experimental data, the model enables back-calculation of interfacial shear stiffness for aligned CNT fibers. It correctly captures the asymptotic approach to the rule-of-mixtures upper bound for long CNTs and the steep reduction in stiffness for short CNTs. This quantitative agreement confirms the model utility in extracting interfacial properties from macroscopic tests and enables reliable performance prediction and inverse design.
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