Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2560
Otori Muhammed Yahaya, E. Ogolo, S. O. Agele, A. V. Olanrewaju
Monitoring Nigeria climate extremes is essential for building resilience, reducing vulnerabilities, and ensuring sustainable development in the face of Nigerian changing climate. ClimPACT2 software is used in this research to quantify climate extreme indices rate of change in the three Nigerian climate zones. The weather inputs were daily precipitation, minimum and maximum air temperatures secondary data obtained from ERA5 from 1979 to 2021. The peaks of the maximum day and night temperatures were observed to be on significant increase in all the regions. WSDI is significantly increasing per year in the Savannah by about 1.19 and 1.14, 1.10 in monsoon and 0.50 in Sahel regions. CDD is significantly increasing per year by about 0.33 in Akure, 0.44 in Lokoja, 0.12 in Port Harcourt and insignificantly by about 0.46 in Katsina while CWD is observed to be decreasing in all the regions. The number of wet and very wet days were observed to be decreasing over the years indicating drying days. SPEI drought index on time scales of 3, 6, 12 and 24 revealed significant increase in short time scale drought magnitudes of about 0.001 in Sahel while no significant change was observed in monsoon region. The analysis has shown significant warming trends in the Nigerian climate zones with significant implication on our climate, agriculture and overall environment leading to ecosystem disruptions. It is crucial for policymakers and stakeholders to take note of these trends and consider implementing measures to mitigate its impacts
{"title":"MONITORING CLIMATE EXTREME EVENTS TREND IN NIGERIA USING CLIMPACT2 SOFTWARE","authors":"Otori Muhammed Yahaya, E. Ogolo, S. O. Agele, A. V. Olanrewaju","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2560","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring Nigeria climate extremes is essential for building resilience, reducing vulnerabilities, and ensuring sustainable development in the face of Nigerian changing climate. ClimPACT2 software is used in this research to quantify climate extreme indices rate of change in the three Nigerian climate zones. The weather inputs were daily precipitation, minimum and maximum air temperatures secondary data obtained from ERA5 from 1979 to 2021. The peaks of the maximum day and night temperatures were observed to be on significant increase in all the regions. WSDI is significantly increasing per year in the Savannah by about 1.19 and 1.14, 1.10 in monsoon and 0.50 in Sahel regions. CDD is significantly increasing per year by about 0.33 in Akure, 0.44 in Lokoja, 0.12 in Port Harcourt and insignificantly by about 0.46 in Katsina while CWD is observed to be decreasing in all the regions. The number of wet and very wet days were observed to be decreasing over the years indicating drying days. SPEI drought index on time scales of 3, 6, 12 and 24 revealed significant increase in short time scale drought magnitudes of about 0.001 in Sahel while no significant change was observed in monsoon region. The analysis has shown significant warming trends in the Nigerian climate zones with significant implication on our climate, agriculture and overall environment leading to ecosystem disruptions. It is crucial for policymakers and stakeholders to take note of these trends and consider implementing measures to mitigate its impacts","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2596
O. Oyewole, D. Balogun, Abdul-Zahir Olamide Alao, Olufisayo S. Ibitoye, Taiwo Oluwatoyin Ajao, K. Ogungbemi, S. Oyewole, B. M. Adeniyi, Hamdalah Adebusayo Lawal
The study evaluated the quality and safety of suya—a popular ready-to-eat meat—produce in Ibadan, Nigeria. Suya samples were analyzed from four local government areas: Ibadan North-West (SB), Ibadan North (BD), Oluyole (NG), and Egbeda (EG). The microbial analysis showed significant contamination, with total bacterial counts exceeding recommended limits. Although coliform bacteria were absent, but the presence of Staphylococcus aureusin samples from BD and SB highlighted evidence of poor hygiene. Additionally, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected in BD samples, posing foodborne illness risks. Heavy metals were analyzed, with Zinc within safe limit, but chromium significantly exceeded the 1.0 mg/kg limit in all samples. Cadmium was slightly above the threshold in samples from NG and EG. While lead was within acceptable limits. Arsenic was alarmingly high across all the samples. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values for arsenic and chromium indicated significant exposure risks, with arsenic EDI surpassing the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) in all samples. Target hazard quotient (THQ) values for chromium and arsenic were above 1 in most samples, indicating potential health hazards, and Hazard Index (HI) values exceeded the safe threshold in all the samples for non-carcinogenic assessment, indicating a high possibility of adverse health effects. Exposure to arsenic and cadmium has been linked to high cancer risks, according to carcinogenic risk assessment utilizing incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values; all samples had ILCR values over the acceptable risk range. This study emphasizes the necessity of strict food safety laws, improved hygiene among suya vendors and public...
{"title":"QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND SAFETY OF COMMERCIALLY SOLD STEAK MEAT “SUYA” IN IBADAN METROPOLIS: A MENACE TO PUBLIC HEALTH","authors":"O. Oyewole, D. Balogun, Abdul-Zahir Olamide Alao, Olufisayo S. Ibitoye, Taiwo Oluwatoyin Ajao, K. Ogungbemi, S. Oyewole, B. M. Adeniyi, Hamdalah Adebusayo Lawal","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2596","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the quality and safety of suya—a popular ready-to-eat meat—produce in Ibadan, Nigeria. Suya samples were analyzed from four local government areas: Ibadan North-West (SB), Ibadan North (BD), Oluyole (NG), and Egbeda (EG). The microbial analysis showed significant contamination, with total bacterial counts exceeding recommended limits. Although coliform bacteria were absent, but the presence of Staphylococcus aureusin samples from BD and SB highlighted evidence of poor hygiene. Additionally, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected in BD samples, posing foodborne illness risks. Heavy metals were analyzed, with Zinc within safe limit, but chromium significantly exceeded the 1.0 mg/kg limit in all samples. Cadmium was slightly above the threshold in samples from NG and EG. While lead was within acceptable limits. Arsenic was alarmingly high across all the samples. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values for arsenic and chromium indicated significant exposure risks, with arsenic EDI surpassing the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) in all samples. Target hazard quotient (THQ) values for chromium and arsenic were above 1 in most samples, indicating potential health hazards, and Hazard Index (HI) values exceeded the safe threshold in all the samples for non-carcinogenic assessment, indicating a high possibility of adverse health effects. Exposure to arsenic and cadmium has been linked to high cancer risks, according to carcinogenic risk assessment utilizing incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values; all samples had ILCR values over the acceptable risk range. This study emphasizes the necessity of strict food safety laws, improved hygiene among suya vendors and public...","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"55 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2643
Eyotor I. Ihama, A. V. Amenaghawon
The ability to predict short-term traffic designs enables Intelligent Transport Systems to proactively address potential events before they occur. Given the exponential growth in the volume, quality, and granularity of traffic data, novel techniques are necessary to effectively leverage this information to yield better outcomes while accommodating the ever-increasing data volumes and expanding urban areas. This study proposed a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network for traffic prediction at road junctions was proposed and designed for short-term road traffic density prediction utilizing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks in implementation. The model was trained using the following dataset, vehicle ID, time of the day, vehicle type, weather condition, vehicle type and vehicle condition, obtained from road junctions and kaggle online dataset. The model was evaluated using the stated evaluation metrics, RMSE, SSE, R-Square, and R-Square Adjusted. The following results were obtained; RMSE was 0.128, SSE was 11.406357765197754, R-Square was 0.8670005614171354, and Adjusted R-Square was 0.8570256035234206.
{"title":"LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SHORT-TERM TRAFFIC PREDICTION AT ROAD INTERSECTIONS","authors":"Eyotor I. Ihama, A. V. Amenaghawon","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2643","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to predict short-term traffic designs enables Intelligent Transport Systems to proactively address potential events before they occur. Given the exponential growth in the volume, quality, and granularity of traffic data, novel techniques are necessary to effectively leverage this information to yield better outcomes while accommodating the ever-increasing data volumes and expanding urban areas. This study proposed a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network for traffic prediction at road junctions was proposed and designed for short-term road traffic density prediction utilizing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks in implementation. The model was trained using the following dataset, vehicle ID, time of the day, vehicle type, weather condition, vehicle type and vehicle condition, obtained from road junctions and kaggle online dataset. The model was evaluated using the stated evaluation metrics, RMSE, SSE, R-Square, and R-Square Adjusted. The following results were obtained; RMSE was 0.128, SSE was 11.406357765197754, R-Square was 0.8670005614171354, and Adjusted R-Square was 0.8570256035234206.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"20 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2609
D. Shobanke, M. S. Olayemi, Oluwamayowa Opeyimika Olajide
Probability distributions play a pivotal role in data analysis, providing insights into the likelihood of outcomes and forming the basis for statistical inference. This article explores the significance and application of various continuous probability distributions through a comprehensive comparative analysis. Using real-life data on maximum flood levels, we evaluate the efficacy of selected distributions including the Normal, Standard Normal, Cauchy, Chi-Square, and T distributions. Model selection criteria such as the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) are employed to assess goodness of fit and predictive capabilities. The comparative analysis reveals insights into model selection efficiency, with AIC emerging as a top performer across distributions. Notably, the Chi-Square distribution demonstrates superior performance, highlighting its potential in diverse applications. In conclusion, , it's evident that AIC outshines both SIC and BIC across all distributions analyzed in this study, also, the paper underscores the importance of selecting appropriate distributions, providing valuable insights for statistical modeling and decision-making processes across disciplines.
概率分布在数据分析中起着举足轻重的作用，它提供了对结果可能性的洞察力，并构成了统计推断的基础。本文通过全面的比较分析，探讨了各种连续概率分布的意义和应用。利用最大洪水位的真实数据，我们评估了所选分布的有效性，包括正态分布、标准正态分布、考奇分布、Chi-Square 分布和 T 分布。模型选择标准包括 Akaike 信息准则 (AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则 (BIC) 和 Schwarz 信息准则 (SIC)，用于评估拟合度和预测能力。比较分析揭示了模型选择效率，其中 AIC 在各种分布中表现最佳。值得注意的是，Chi-Square 分布表现出卓越的性能，突出了它在各种应用中的潜力。总之，在本研究分析的所有分布中，AIC 明显优于 SIC 和 BIC，本文还强调了选择适当分布的重要性，为各学科的统计建模和决策过程提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR MODELING MAXIMUM FLOOD LEVELS","authors":"D. Shobanke, M. S. Olayemi, Oluwamayowa Opeyimika Olajide","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0804-2609","url":null,"abstract":"Probability distributions play a pivotal role in data analysis, providing insights into the likelihood of outcomes and forming the basis for statistical inference. This article explores the significance and application of various continuous probability distributions through a comprehensive comparative analysis. Using real-life data on maximum flood levels, we evaluate the efficacy of selected distributions including the Normal, Standard Normal, Cauchy, Chi-Square, and T distributions. Model selection criteria such as the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) are employed to assess goodness of fit and predictive capabilities. The comparative analysis reveals insights into model selection efficiency, with AIC emerging as a top performer across distributions. Notably, the Chi-Square distribution demonstrates superior performance, highlighting its potential in diverse applications. In conclusion, , it's evident that AIC outshines both SIC and BIC across all distributions analyzed in this study, also, the paper underscores the importance of selecting appropriate distributions, providing valuable insights for statistical modeling and decision-making processes across disciplines.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2280
Aminu Ismaila, R. Nasiru, M. Kaisan, N. N. Garba
Determination of the calorific values and elemental contents of plant biomass are important in considering their heat energy potential and environmental friendliness. It is also important in performance modelling calculations on thermal systems. This study measures the calorific values of twenty (20) biomass comprising herbaceous plants and agricultural waste with the aim of understanding their energy potential to be used as alternative fuels for small-scale industrial and domestic heating activities. The direct measurements of the calorific values were made using Bomb calorimeter (model 6100 series) and estimated from the ultimate analysis data of the samples. The relationships between the calorific value and the total carbon and hydrogen contents of samples were also investigated. The analysis results indicate that palm kernel shell and locust bean pod have the highest energy values of 41.1165 MJ/kg and 36.2230 MJ/kg respectively. Camel foot and soybean stalks give the lowest energy values of 6.0484 MJ/kg and 5.3353 MJ/kg respectively. The energy values of about 60% of biomass samples are in the range of 15-21 MJ/kg in agreement with the widely reported values in the literature. Further analysis indicates that the experimental measurements do not excellently agree with the values estimated using correlation equations and, in most cases, the experimental data is higher than that estimated using correlation equations. However, about 60% of the data points computed using the two equations agree closely. The study shows that the calorific values of all samples are strong function of their total carbon contents and have no...
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF ENERGY CONTENT OF PLANT BIOMASS FOR DOMESTIC AND SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIAL HEATING APPLICATIONS","authors":"Aminu Ismaila, R. Nasiru, M. Kaisan, N. N. Garba","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2280","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of the calorific values and elemental contents of plant biomass are important in considering their heat energy potential and environmental friendliness. It is also important in performance modelling calculations on thermal systems. This study measures the calorific values of twenty (20) biomass comprising herbaceous plants and agricultural waste with the aim of understanding their energy potential to be used as alternative fuels for small-scale industrial and domestic heating activities. The direct measurements of the calorific values were made using Bomb calorimeter (model 6100 series) and estimated from the ultimate analysis data of the samples. The relationships between the calorific value and the total carbon and hydrogen contents of samples were also investigated. The analysis results indicate that palm kernel shell and locust bean pod have the highest energy values of 41.1165 MJ/kg and 36.2230 MJ/kg respectively. Camel foot and soybean stalks give the lowest energy values of 6.0484 MJ/kg and 5.3353 MJ/kg respectively. The energy values of about 60% of biomass samples are in the range of 15-21 MJ/kg in agreement with the widely reported values in the literature. Further analysis indicates that the experimental measurements do not excellently agree with the values estimated using correlation equations and, in most cases, the experimental data is higher than that estimated using correlation equations. However, about 60% of the data points computed using the two equations agree closely. The study shows that the calorific values of all samples are strong function of their total carbon contents and have no...","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"55 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2219
P. O. Ochi, Apeh Andrew Agada, Ifeoma B. Nworah, Damascus Arinze Nworah, Achi Nathan Goni
In this study, a continuous mathematical model for the dynamics of Measles (rubeola) outbreak at constant recruitment rate was formulated. In the model, we partitioned the population into Susceptible (S), Vaccinated (V), exposed (E), Infected (I) and recovered (R) individuals. We analyzed a SVEIR compartmental nonlinear deterministic mathematical model of measles epidemic in a community with constant population. Analytical studies were carried out on the model using the method of linearized stability. The basic reproductive number R0 that governs the disease transmission is obtained from the largest eigenvalue of the next-generation matrix. The disease-free equilibrium is computed and proved to be locally and globally asymptotically stable if R0<1 and unstable if R0 >1 respectively. Finally, we simulate the model system in MATLAB and obtained the graphical behavior of each compartment. From the simulation, we observed that the measles infection was eradicated in the environment when R0<1.
{"title":"LOCAL AND GLOBAL STABILITY ANALYSIS OF MEASLES EPIDEMIC MODEL AT DISEASE-FREE EQUILIBRIUM","authors":"P. O. Ochi, Apeh Andrew Agada, Ifeoma B. Nworah, Damascus Arinze Nworah, Achi Nathan Goni","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2219","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a continuous mathematical model for the dynamics of Measles (rubeola) outbreak at constant recruitment rate was formulated. In the model, we partitioned the population into Susceptible (S), Vaccinated (V), exposed (E), Infected (I) and recovered (R) individuals. We analyzed a SVEIR compartmental nonlinear deterministic mathematical model of measles epidemic in a community with constant population. Analytical studies were carried out on the model using the method of linearized stability. The basic reproductive number R0 that governs the disease transmission is obtained from the largest eigenvalue of the next-generation matrix. The disease-free equilibrium is computed and proved to be locally and globally asymptotically stable if R0<1 and unstable if R0 >1 respectively. Finally, we simulate the model system in MATLAB and obtained the graphical behavior of each compartment. From the simulation, we observed that the measles infection was eradicated in the environment when R0<1. ","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140228573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2278
N. Enock, S. Pukuma, L. M. Augustine, A. Mathias, M. Ismail
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF MALARIA AND UTILIZATION OF INSECTICIDES TREATED NETS (ITNS) AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN YOLA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"N. Enock, S. Pukuma, L. M. Augustine, A. Mathias, M. Ismail","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2224
A. H. Aliyu, A. Maigari, B. Umar, N. Nabage, J. Shirputda, Fatima Saidu, Mohammed Mohammed
Geographically located within Gombe, Bauchi, and Yobe states, the Gongola Sub-basin has drawn attention from several academics looking to increase Nigeria's oil reserves relative to the inland frontier basins. This paper's goal is to determine the thermal maturity of strata from drill samples of the Fika shales in Nigeria's Northern Benue Trough, Gongola Sub-basin. To predict the well section's maturity and kerogen type, this study uses optical and organic facies studies. Twenty-seven samples of ditch cuttings were prepared using the universally accepted acid palynological procedure. The dispersed mounted slides revealed a variety of pollen, spores, and palynomacerals upon microscopic inspection. The well section under study exhibits a range of thermal maturation from mature to late mature, indicating the possibility of producing oil and gas. This corresponds to a range of thermal alteration values of 4 – 6 and equivalent vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) values of 0.6% – 1.35%. The total recovered Sedimentary Organic Matter (SOM) in this study was classified into Palynomorphs, Amorphous Organic Matter (AOM) and Phytoclasts and plotted on a ternary graph. The Percentage frequencies of AOM, Phytoclast and Palynomorphs were compared with the zones of the Tyson Ternary diagram. Most of the distribution frequencies lie within zones II, IX, VI and Iva suggesting Kerogen types III (gas-prone) and II (oil-prone).
{"title":"PALYNOFACIES STUDIES OF THE LATE CRETACEOUS (TURONIAN-MAASTRICHTIAN) STRATA FROM JAURO JATAU, GONGOLA SUB-BASIN, NORTHERN BENUE TROUGH, NIGERIA","authors":"A. H. Aliyu, A. Maigari, B. Umar, N. Nabage, J. Shirputda, Fatima Saidu, Mohammed Mohammed","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2224","url":null,"abstract":"Geographically located within Gombe, Bauchi, and Yobe states, the Gongola Sub-basin has drawn attention from several academics looking to increase Nigeria's oil reserves relative to the inland frontier basins. This paper's goal is to determine the thermal maturity of strata from drill samples of the Fika shales in Nigeria's Northern Benue Trough, Gongola Sub-basin. To predict the well section's maturity and kerogen type, this study uses optical and organic facies studies. Twenty-seven samples of ditch cuttings were prepared using the universally accepted acid palynological procedure. The dispersed mounted slides revealed a variety of pollen, spores, and palynomacerals upon microscopic inspection. The well section under study exhibits a range of thermal maturation from mature to late mature, indicating the possibility of producing oil and gas. This corresponds to a range of thermal alteration values of 4 – 6 and equivalent vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) values of 0.6% – 1.35%. The total recovered Sedimentary Organic Matter (SOM) in this study was classified into Palynomorphs, Amorphous Organic Matter (AOM) and Phytoclasts and plotted on a ternary graph. The Percentage frequencies of AOM, Phytoclast and Palynomorphs were compared with the zones of the Tyson Ternary diagram. Most of the distribution frequencies lie within zones II, IX, VI and Iva suggesting Kerogen types III (gas-prone) and II (oil-prone).","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researches in food preservation have evolved into use of edible polysaccharide products and the most utilized polysaccharide is xanthan gum. In this study, xanthan gum and chitosan were used in composite coating material. The composite films were developed by casting using xanthan gum and chitosan. The films were prepared in varying proportion of xanthan gum and chitosan thus; 90:10, 92.5:7.5, 95:5, 97.5:2.5, and 100:0. The films were analyzed for mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, elongation at break, strain at break, load at break, stress at break and energy at break). Using the elongation at break and Young’s modulus as reference variables, films with the following proportion of xanthan-chitosan; 90:10, 95.5:5, 97.5:2.5 were further evaluated for barrier properties (thickness, solubility in water, oxygen permeability and water vapour permeability) and optical properties (opacity and colour parameters). The elongation at break of each composite film increased with decreased young modulus. The xanthan gum-based films brought about changes in thickness, water vapor permeability and solubility of films but did not change significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the oxygen permeability. Furthermore, the produced films had low opacity values and the luminosity values of the films were directly linked to the transparency of the films. The films with the highest L* value had the least ΔE value and highest WI value. The findings showed that the developed composite polysaccharide films could be useful in reducing environmental problems associated with synthetic packaging.
{"title":"EFFECT OF CHITOSAN INCLUSION ON THE PROPERTIES OF XANTHAN GUM-BASED EDIBLE FILMS","authors":"Mercy Oyindamola Olowolafe, V. Enujiugha, Ajibola Mitchell Oyinloye, Solomon Temidayo Olowolafe","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2165","url":null,"abstract":"Researches in food preservation have evolved into use of edible polysaccharide products and the most utilized polysaccharide is xanthan gum. In this study, xanthan gum and chitosan were used in composite coating material. The composite films were developed by casting using xanthan gum and chitosan. The films were prepared in varying proportion of xanthan gum and chitosan thus; 90:10, 92.5:7.5, 95:5, 97.5:2.5, and 100:0. The films were analyzed for mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, elongation at break, strain at break, load at break, stress at break and energy at break). Using the elongation at break and Young’s modulus as reference variables, films with the following proportion of xanthan-chitosan; 90:10, 95.5:5, 97.5:2.5 were further evaluated for barrier properties (thickness, solubility in water, oxygen permeability and water vapour permeability) and optical properties (opacity and colour parameters). The elongation at break of each composite film increased with decreased young modulus. The xanthan gum-based films brought about changes in thickness, water vapor permeability and solubility of films but did not change significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the oxygen permeability. Furthermore, the produced films had low opacity values and the luminosity values of the films were directly linked to the transparency of the films. The films with the highest L* value had the least ΔE value and highest WI value. The findings showed that the developed composite polysaccharide films could be useful in reducing environmental problems associated with synthetic packaging.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-10DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2275
Oni Leke, T. O. Amuda
The restricted three-body problem (R3BP) is a fascinating problem that has been receiving attentions of astronomers and scientists because of its vast implications in diverse scientific fields, including among others; celestial mechanics, galactic dynamics, chaos theory and molecular physics. In this paper, we examine the locations of the triangular equilibrium points of the R3BP with Poynting-Robertson (P-R) drag forces and variable masses. The primaries are assumed to vary under the unified Mestschersky law and their dynamics defined by the Gylden-Mestschersky equation, while the smaller primary is assumed to be a radiation emitter with P-R drag. The dynamical equations are obtained for both the non-autonomous with variable coefficients and autonomized system with constant coefficients. Further, the locations of the triangular points of the autonomized systems are obtained using perturbation method. It is seen that the positions are defined by the mass parameter, radiation pressure and P-R drag of the smaller primary. The triangular points of the non-autonomous equations are obtained with help of the Mestschersky transformation, and differ from those of the autonomized system due to a function of time. The equilibrium points have several applications in space missions, satellites constellations and station-keeping.
{"title":"LOCATIONS OF TRIANGULAR EQUILIBRIUM POINTS OF THE RESTRICTED THREE-BODY PROBLEM WITH POYNTING-ROBERTSON DRAG AND VARIABLE MASSES","authors":"Oni Leke, T. O. Amuda","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2275","url":null,"abstract":"The restricted three-body problem (R3BP) is a fascinating problem that has been receiving attentions of astronomers and scientists because of its vast implications in diverse scientific fields, including among others; celestial mechanics, galactic dynamics, chaos theory and molecular physics. In this paper, we examine the locations of the triangular equilibrium points of the R3BP with Poynting-Robertson (P-R) drag forces and variable masses. The primaries are assumed to vary under the unified Mestschersky law and their dynamics defined by the Gylden-Mestschersky equation, while the smaller primary is assumed to be a radiation emitter with P-R drag. The dynamical equations are obtained for both the non-autonomous with variable coefficients and autonomized system with constant coefficients. Further, the locations of the triangular points of the autonomized systems are obtained using perturbation method. It is seen that the positions are defined by the mass parameter, radiation pressure and P-R drag of the smaller primary. The triangular points of the non-autonomous equations are obtained with help of the Mestschersky transformation, and differ from those of the autonomized system due to a function of time. The equilibrium points have several applications in space missions, satellites constellations and station-keeping.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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