Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-1800
Hambali Idris Umar, B. Inuwa, Ibrahim Alamini, Abdullahi Adamu, Shittu Ismaila, C. Meseko, I. Rwego
The domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) are natural reservoir hosts of avian influenza A virus (AIV) and have since remained significant in the ecology and epidemiology of the virus globally. Continued local surveillance for AIV in this specie is critical to assessing the risks of potential spreading to domestic poultry, other animal species, and zoonotic transmission to humans. In this study, we investigate the status of AIV in domestic waterfowls in Maiduguri metropolis. Twenty-eight cloacal and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from apparently healthy domestic ducks from November to December 2021 in Bulumkutu (n=2), Giwa Barracks (n=5), Kasuwan Shanu (n=4), Maimalari Barracks (n=5), Mairi (n=5), Premier (n=2) and Shehuri (n=4). Samples were screened for AIV using the real-time RT-PCR molecular assay. A total prevalence of 60.7% (CI: 41.99 –77.32) was recorded. Prevalence based on locations was higher in Bulumkutu 100% (CI:22.36 - 100), Kasuwan Shanu 100% (CI: 22.36 - 100), and Shehuri 100% (CI:47.29 - 100). In Maimalari Barracks and Mairi, prevalence of 60% (18.24 – 92.65) each was recorded respectively. While samples from Giwa Barracks and Gomari had a prevalence of 40% (CI: 7.346 – 81.76) and 33.3% (1.667 – 86.8). AIV was not detected in samples from premier (0%). The result of this study revealed the status of AIV in domestic ducks in Maiduguri metropolis. Thus, this early warning call the need for AIV prevention and control in the region and using the one-health approach to access the zoonotic potential of the virus in the domestic ducks...
{"title":"AVIAN INFLUENZA A VIRUS SURVEILLANCE IN RESERVOIR DOMESTIC DUCKS (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) IN MAIDUGURI METROPOLITAN COMMUNITY OF NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA: A NEED FOR ONE-HEALTH APPROACH","authors":"Hambali Idris Umar, B. Inuwa, Ibrahim Alamini, Abdullahi Adamu, Shittu Ismaila, C. Meseko, I. Rwego","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-1800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-1800","url":null,"abstract":"The domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) are natural reservoir hosts of avian influenza A virus (AIV) and have since remained significant in the ecology and epidemiology of the virus globally. Continued local surveillance for AIV in this specie is critical to assessing the risks of potential spreading to domestic poultry, other animal species, and zoonotic transmission to humans. In this study, we investigate the status of AIV in domestic waterfowls in Maiduguri metropolis. Twenty-eight cloacal and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from apparently healthy domestic ducks from November to December 2021 in Bulumkutu (n=2), Giwa Barracks (n=5), Kasuwan Shanu (n=4), Maimalari Barracks (n=5), Mairi (n=5), Premier (n=2) and Shehuri (n=4). Samples were screened for AIV using the real-time RT-PCR molecular assay. A total prevalence of 60.7% (CI: 41.99 –77.32) was recorded. Prevalence based on locations was higher in Bulumkutu 100% (CI:22.36 - 100), Kasuwan Shanu 100% (CI: 22.36 - 100), and Shehuri 100% (CI:47.29 - 100). In Maimalari Barracks and Mairi, prevalence of 60% (18.24 – 92.65) each was recorded respectively. While samples from Giwa Barracks and Gomari had a prevalence of 40% (CI: 7.346 – 81.76) and 33.3% (1.667 – 86.8). AIV was not detected in samples from premier (0%). The result of this study revealed the status of AIV in domestic ducks in Maiduguri metropolis. Thus, this early warning call the need for AIV prevention and control in the region and using the one-health approach to access the zoonotic potential of the virus in the domestic ducks...","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139852186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2201
Bilyaminu Abdullahi, S. Abdullahi, M. B. Abdullahi, A. M. Wara
Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films deposited on corning glass substrates at 100ºC substrate temperature by radio frequency deposition were annealed the open air and icrowave oven at 150ºC. The influence of open-air annealing (OAA) and microwave annealing (MWA) were studied. The results obtained showed that MWA annealing can improve not only the crystal but also the optical properties of the ZnO thin films. A high transmittance is obtained in all the annealed samples (S1, S2, S4 and S5) demonstrating >90% at 650 nm wavelength. Reflectance in all the samples was < 29% with a minimum standing at 23.78% as recorded for sample S5. The band gap for the annealed samples (S1, S2, S4 and S5) was determined at 3.26 eV, 3.32 eV, 3.29 eV and 3.34 eV respectively. Absorption coefficient stood at 0.0225 cm-1, 0.0179 cm-1, 0.0180 cm-1, 0.0186 cm-1 and 0.0181 cm-1 for the as-deposited sample and the respectively. The optical and structural properties analysis showed that OAA and MWA annealing at suitable temperatures considered can significantly improve some properties of the ZnO thin films making the films suitable for applications in optoelectronics and photovoltaics.
{"title":"PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ZnO THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY RF SPUTTERING METHOD","authors":"Bilyaminu Abdullahi, S. Abdullahi, M. B. Abdullahi, A. M. Wara","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2201","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films deposited on corning glass substrates at 100ºC substrate temperature by radio frequency deposition were annealed the open air and icrowave oven at 150ºC. The influence of open-air annealing (OAA) and microwave annealing (MWA) were studied. The results obtained showed that MWA annealing can improve not only the crystal but also the optical properties of the ZnO thin films. A high transmittance is obtained in all the annealed samples (S1, S2, S4 and S5) demonstrating >90% at 650 nm wavelength. Reflectance in all the samples was < 29% with a minimum standing at 23.78% as recorded for sample S5. The band gap for the annealed samples (S1, S2, S4 and S5) was determined at 3.26 eV, 3.32 eV, 3.29 eV and 3.34 eV respectively. Absorption coefficient stood at 0.0225 cm-1, 0.0179 cm-1, 0.0180 cm-1, 0.0186 cm-1 and 0.0181 cm-1 for the as-deposited sample and the respectively. The optical and structural properties analysis showed that OAA and MWA annealing at suitable temperatures considered can significantly improve some properties of the ZnO thin films making the films suitable for applications in optoelectronics and photovoltaics.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"141 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139855387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2084
Ahmad Isah Kachako, I. M. Muhammad, Nura Makwashi, A. Abdulkarim
The improper disposal of produced water poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating effective treatment measures to mitigate its harmful impact. This study explores the potential of sugarcane bagasse (SB) as a biosorbent, both in its original form and modified state for removal of oil from produced water. The SB samples were collected, washed, dried, and characterized for functional groups, surface morphology, and elemental composition using FT-IR, SEM and EDS equipment respectively. The analysis identified various elements in both modified and unmodified SB. The impact of biosorbent dose, contact time, pH, and temperature on oil removal from produced water was investigated. The results showed a rapid increase in oil uptake by modified SB with increase in dosage, reaching a maximum of 97.80%. Unmodified SB exhibited a gradual increase in oil uptake, leveling off at 81.32%. Modified SB demonstrated a shorter contact time compared to unmodified one. Isotherm studies revealed that the Langmuir isotherm best fit the data for both modified and unmodified SB, with R2 value of 1 and 0.997, respectively. On the other hand, the equilibrium parameter RL were found to be 0.00001 and 0.0194 for modified and unmodified SB as biosorbent respectively. Biosorption kinetics were tested using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results indicated that the biosorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model, with R2 values of 0.998 and 0.999 for modified and unmodified SB, respectively. In conclusion, both modified and unmodified sugarcane bagasse demonstrate promising potential as effective materials for oil removal from produced water.
{"title":"REMOVAL OF OIL FROM PRODUCED WATER USING SUGARCANE BAGASSE: EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETIC STUDIES","authors":"Ahmad Isah Kachako, I. M. Muhammad, Nura Makwashi, A. Abdulkarim","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2084","url":null,"abstract":"The improper disposal of produced water poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating effective treatment measures to mitigate its harmful impact. This study explores the potential of sugarcane bagasse (SB) as a biosorbent, both in its original form and modified state for removal of oil from produced water. The SB samples were collected, washed, dried, and characterized for functional groups, surface morphology, and elemental composition using FT-IR, SEM and EDS equipment respectively. The analysis identified various elements in both modified and unmodified SB. The impact of biosorbent dose, contact time, pH, and temperature on oil removal from produced water was investigated. The results showed a rapid increase in oil uptake by modified SB with increase in dosage, reaching a maximum of 97.80%. Unmodified SB exhibited a gradual increase in oil uptake, leveling off at 81.32%. Modified SB demonstrated a shorter contact time compared to unmodified one. Isotherm studies revealed that the Langmuir isotherm best fit the data for both modified and unmodified SB, with R2 value of 1 and 0.997, respectively. On the other hand, the equilibrium parameter RL were found to be 0.00001 and 0.0194 for modified and unmodified SB as biosorbent respectively. Biosorption kinetics were tested using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results indicated that the biosorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model, with R2 values of 0.998 and 0.999 for modified and unmodified SB, respectively. In conclusion, both modified and unmodified sugarcane bagasse demonstrate promising potential as effective materials for oil removal from produced water.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"43 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2201
Bilyaminu Abdullahi, S. Abdullahi, M. B. Abdullahi, A. M. Wara
Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films deposited on corning glass substrates at 100ºC substrate temperature by radio frequency deposition were annealed the open air and icrowave oven at 150ºC. The influence of open-air annealing (OAA) and microwave annealing (MWA) were studied. The results obtained showed that MWA annealing can improve not only the crystal but also the optical properties of the ZnO thin films. A high transmittance is obtained in all the annealed samples (S1, S2, S4 and S5) demonstrating >90% at 650 nm wavelength. Reflectance in all the samples was < 29% with a minimum standing at 23.78% as recorded for sample S5. The band gap for the annealed samples (S1, S2, S4 and S5) was determined at 3.26 eV, 3.32 eV, 3.29 eV and 3.34 eV respectively. Absorption coefficient stood at 0.0225 cm-1, 0.0179 cm-1, 0.0180 cm-1, 0.0186 cm-1 and 0.0181 cm-1 for the as-deposited sample and the respectively. The optical and structural properties analysis showed that OAA and MWA annealing at suitable temperatures considered can significantly improve some properties of the ZnO thin films making the films suitable for applications in optoelectronics and photovoltaics.
{"title":"PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ZnO THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY RF SPUTTERING METHOD","authors":"Bilyaminu Abdullahi, S. Abdullahi, M. B. Abdullahi, A. M. Wara","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2201","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films deposited on corning glass substrates at 100ºC substrate temperature by radio frequency deposition were annealed the open air and icrowave oven at 150ºC. The influence of open-air annealing (OAA) and microwave annealing (MWA) were studied. The results obtained showed that MWA annealing can improve not only the crystal but also the optical properties of the ZnO thin films. A high transmittance is obtained in all the annealed samples (S1, S2, S4 and S5) demonstrating >90% at 650 nm wavelength. Reflectance in all the samples was < 29% with a minimum standing at 23.78% as recorded for sample S5. The band gap for the annealed samples (S1, S2, S4 and S5) was determined at 3.26 eV, 3.32 eV, 3.29 eV and 3.34 eV respectively. Absorption coefficient stood at 0.0225 cm-1, 0.0179 cm-1, 0.0180 cm-1, 0.0186 cm-1 and 0.0181 cm-1 for the as-deposited sample and the respectively. The optical and structural properties analysis showed that OAA and MWA annealing at suitable temperatures considered can significantly improve some properties of the ZnO thin films making the films suitable for applications in optoelectronics and photovoltaics.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"29 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139795647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2084
Ahmad Isah Kachako, I. M. Muhammad, Nura Makwashi, A. Abdulkarim
The improper disposal of produced water poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating effective treatment measures to mitigate its harmful impact. This study explores the potential of sugarcane bagasse (SB) as a biosorbent, both in its original form and modified state for removal of oil from produced water. The SB samples were collected, washed, dried, and characterized for functional groups, surface morphology, and elemental composition using FT-IR, SEM and EDS equipment respectively. The analysis identified various elements in both modified and unmodified SB. The impact of biosorbent dose, contact time, pH, and temperature on oil removal from produced water was investigated. The results showed a rapid increase in oil uptake by modified SB with increase in dosage, reaching a maximum of 97.80%. Unmodified SB exhibited a gradual increase in oil uptake, leveling off at 81.32%. Modified SB demonstrated a shorter contact time compared to unmodified one. Isotherm studies revealed that the Langmuir isotherm best fit the data for both modified and unmodified SB, with R2 value of 1 and 0.997, respectively. On the other hand, the equilibrium parameter RL were found to be 0.00001 and 0.0194 for modified and unmodified SB as biosorbent respectively. Biosorption kinetics were tested using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results indicated that the biosorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model, with R2 values of 0.998 and 0.999 for modified and unmodified SB, respectively. In conclusion, both modified and unmodified sugarcane bagasse demonstrate promising potential as effective materials for oil removal from produced water.
{"title":"REMOVAL OF OIL FROM PRODUCED WATER USING SUGARCANE BAGASSE: EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETIC STUDIES","authors":"Ahmad Isah Kachako, I. M. Muhammad, Nura Makwashi, A. Abdulkarim","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2084","url":null,"abstract":"The improper disposal of produced water poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating effective treatment measures to mitigate its harmful impact. This study explores the potential of sugarcane bagasse (SB) as a biosorbent, both in its original form and modified state for removal of oil from produced water. The SB samples were collected, washed, dried, and characterized for functional groups, surface morphology, and elemental composition using FT-IR, SEM and EDS equipment respectively. The analysis identified various elements in both modified and unmodified SB. The impact of biosorbent dose, contact time, pH, and temperature on oil removal from produced water was investigated. The results showed a rapid increase in oil uptake by modified SB with increase in dosage, reaching a maximum of 97.80%. Unmodified SB exhibited a gradual increase in oil uptake, leveling off at 81.32%. Modified SB demonstrated a shorter contact time compared to unmodified one. Isotherm studies revealed that the Langmuir isotherm best fit the data for both modified and unmodified SB, with R2 value of 1 and 0.997, respectively. On the other hand, the equilibrium parameter RL were found to be 0.00001 and 0.0194 for modified and unmodified SB as biosorbent respectively. Biosorption kinetics were tested using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results indicated that the biosorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model, with R2 values of 0.998 and 0.999 for modified and unmodified SB, respectively. In conclusion, both modified and unmodified sugarcane bagasse demonstrate promising potential as effective materials for oil removal from produced water.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"48 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2197
Yakubu Aliyu, Christopher Reuben Rine, Hammuel Chrinius, Ojodale Paul Isaac, Justina Adegba, Abdullahi Muhammad Shamsuddeen, Ladidi Maryam 1Abdulkarim, Ahmed Nusaibah Musa
Dairy products have been found to be a major vehicle for the transmission of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains to man. This study determined the antibiogram of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains from traditionally-pasteurized dairy product (Kindirmo) in selected parts of Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty kindirmo samples were collected from vendors using random sampling from the areas selected for the study. Sample collection was between January 2021 and April 2021. Each sample was collected into sterile screwed-capped plastic bottle and labeled appropriately. Standard microbiological procedures were used in isolating and identifying MRSA strains from the samples. Characterisation of the MRSA strains was carried out using Microgen® kits. The MRSA strains were evaluated for their susceptibility to cefoxitin (30µg), clindamycin (2µg), chloramphenicol (30µg), doxycycline (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (25µg), tobramycin (30µg), and vancomycin (30µg), using the Kirby-Bauer technique. Of the 160 samples examined, eight MRSA strains were obtained, giving a prevalence of 5.0%. All of the MRSA strains were resistant to cefoxitin (0-1mm); 62.5% were resistant to tobramycin (7-11mm); and 25.0% were resistant to chloramphenicol (4-10mm). Five (5) antibiotic resistant phenotypes were recorded among the MRSA strains. The occurrence of MRSA in Kindirmo as recorded in this study, suggest that, the consumption of the product constitute a hazard to consumers. Basic hygiene requirements during production and selling of the product should be imposed by relevant authorities. This will go a long way in ensuring the safety of the product.
{"title":"ANTIBIOGRAM OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) STRAINS FROM KINDIRMO IN NASARAWA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Yakubu Aliyu, Christopher Reuben Rine, Hammuel Chrinius, Ojodale Paul Isaac, Justina Adegba, Abdullahi Muhammad Shamsuddeen, Ladidi Maryam 1Abdulkarim, Ahmed Nusaibah Musa","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2197","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy products have been found to be a major vehicle for the transmission of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains to man. This study determined the antibiogram of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains from traditionally-pasteurized dairy product (Kindirmo) in selected parts of Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty kindirmo samples were collected from vendors using random sampling from the areas selected for the study. Sample collection was between January 2021 and April 2021. Each sample was collected into sterile screwed-capped plastic bottle and labeled appropriately. Standard microbiological procedures were used in isolating and identifying MRSA strains from the samples. Characterisation of the MRSA strains was carried out using Microgen® kits. The MRSA strains were evaluated for their susceptibility to cefoxitin (30µg), clindamycin (2µg), chloramphenicol (30µg), doxycycline (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (25µg), tobramycin (30µg), and vancomycin (30µg), using the Kirby-Bauer technique. Of the 160 samples examined, eight MRSA strains were obtained, giving a prevalence of 5.0%. All of the MRSA strains were resistant to cefoxitin (0-1mm); 62.5% were resistant to tobramycin (7-11mm); and 25.0% were resistant to chloramphenicol (4-10mm). Five (5) antibiotic resistant phenotypes were recorded among the MRSA strains. The occurrence of MRSA in Kindirmo as recorded in this study, suggest that, the consumption of the product constitute a hazard to consumers. Basic hygiene requirements during production and selling of the product should be imposed by relevant authorities. This will go a long way in ensuring the safety of the product.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"356 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139824327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2197
Yakubu Aliyu, Christopher Reuben Rine, Hammuel Chrinius, Ojodale Paul Isaac, Justina Adegba, Abdullahi Muhammad Shamsuddeen, Ladidi Maryam 1Abdulkarim, Ahmed Nusaibah Musa
Dairy products have been found to be a major vehicle for the transmission of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains to man. This study determined the antibiogram of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains from traditionally-pasteurized dairy product (Kindirmo) in selected parts of Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty kindirmo samples were collected from vendors using random sampling from the areas selected for the study. Sample collection was between January 2021 and April 2021. Each sample was collected into sterile screwed-capped plastic bottle and labeled appropriately. Standard microbiological procedures were used in isolating and identifying MRSA strains from the samples. Characterisation of the MRSA strains was carried out using Microgen® kits. The MRSA strains were evaluated for their susceptibility to cefoxitin (30µg), clindamycin (2µg), chloramphenicol (30µg), doxycycline (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (25µg), tobramycin (30µg), and vancomycin (30µg), using the Kirby-Bauer technique. Of the 160 samples examined, eight MRSA strains were obtained, giving a prevalence of 5.0%. All of the MRSA strains were resistant to cefoxitin (0-1mm); 62.5% were resistant to tobramycin (7-11mm); and 25.0% were resistant to chloramphenicol (4-10mm). Five (5) antibiotic resistant phenotypes were recorded among the MRSA strains. The occurrence of MRSA in Kindirmo as recorded in this study, suggest that, the consumption of the product constitute a hazard to consumers. Basic hygiene requirements during production and selling of the product should be imposed by relevant authorities. This will go a long way in ensuring the safety of the product.
{"title":"ANTIBIOGRAM OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) STRAINS FROM KINDIRMO IN NASARAWA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Yakubu Aliyu, Christopher Reuben Rine, Hammuel Chrinius, Ojodale Paul Isaac, Justina Adegba, Abdullahi Muhammad Shamsuddeen, Ladidi Maryam 1Abdulkarim, Ahmed Nusaibah Musa","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2197","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy products have been found to be a major vehicle for the transmission of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains to man. This study determined the antibiogram of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains from traditionally-pasteurized dairy product (Kindirmo) in selected parts of Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty kindirmo samples were collected from vendors using random sampling from the areas selected for the study. Sample collection was between January 2021 and April 2021. Each sample was collected into sterile screwed-capped plastic bottle and labeled appropriately. Standard microbiological procedures were used in isolating and identifying MRSA strains from the samples. Characterisation of the MRSA strains was carried out using Microgen® kits. The MRSA strains were evaluated for their susceptibility to cefoxitin (30µg), clindamycin (2µg), chloramphenicol (30µg), doxycycline (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (25µg), tobramycin (30µg), and vancomycin (30µg), using the Kirby-Bauer technique. Of the 160 samples examined, eight MRSA strains were obtained, giving a prevalence of 5.0%. All of the MRSA strains were resistant to cefoxitin (0-1mm); 62.5% were resistant to tobramycin (7-11mm); and 25.0% were resistant to chloramphenicol (4-10mm). Five (5) antibiotic resistant phenotypes were recorded among the MRSA strains. The occurrence of MRSA in Kindirmo as recorded in this study, suggest that, the consumption of the product constitute a hazard to consumers. Basic hygiene requirements during production and selling of the product should be imposed by relevant authorities. This will go a long way in ensuring the safety of the product.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"243 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139884029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2086
D. M. Auwal, M. M. Gafai, A. A. Garba, Mustapha Shehu
In this study, we investigate the laminar boundary layer flow in two dimensions, steadiness, and incompressibility around a moving vertical flat plate in a uniform free stream of fluid with a convective surface boundary condition. The similarity transformation technique has been applied to convert the governing nonlinear partial differential equation into two nonlinear ordinary differential equations. By combining the finite difference method with the shooting technique, the problem is solved numerically. We present a tabular and graphical representation of the variation in dimensionless temperature and fluid-solid interface characteristics for various values of the Prandtl number. As a special case of the problem, a comparison between the current result and the previously published result demonstrates a good agreement.
{"title":"A NUMERICAL APPROACH FOR THE STUDY OF HEAT GENERATION IN THE PRESENCE OF THERMAL BOUNDARY LAYER FOR A FLAT PLATE","authors":"D. M. Auwal, M. M. Gafai, A. A. Garba, Mustapha Shehu","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2086","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigate the laminar boundary layer flow in two dimensions, steadiness, and incompressibility around a moving vertical flat plate in a uniform free stream of fluid with a convective surface boundary condition. The similarity transformation technique has been applied to convert the governing nonlinear partial differential equation into two nonlinear ordinary differential equations. By combining the finite difference method with the shooting technique, the problem is solved numerically. We present a tabular and graphical representation of the variation in dimensionless temperature and fluid-solid interface characteristics for various values of the Prandtl number. As a special case of the problem, a comparison between the current result and the previously published result demonstrates a good agreement.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"85 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2126
U. Ugbune, Osamwen L. Okhuarobo
Paints are widely used for surface coating, they are made with combinations of different raw materials, for example polyvinyl acetate. The cost of this raw material is increasing daily in Nigeria due higher exchange rate of dollar to naira coupled with an increasing number of entrepreneurs using this material for paint production daily. This raw material is synthetic and not eco-friendly. Therefore, this research seeks to fill this gap by using natural material (castor seed oil) that is cheap and eco-friendly as combinatorial with polyvinyl acetate. Castor seed oil used for this research was sourced from a local market in Delta State. Castor seed oil was extracted using solvent extraction. Paint was produced using four different formulations; Paint produced was characterized using ASTM method. Results obtained from the work showed 43.5 yield of castor seed oil, results of opacity, viscosity, specific gravity, drying time and pH are in the range of 9.5-22, 0.92-0.94,1.01-1.15 gcm3, 25-30 minutes, 7.9-8.6 respectively. The combination of 60% Polyvinyl acetate to 40% Castor seed oil was more effective for paint production due to its low viscosity ( 0.920C) and high specific density (1.15 kg/L). Therefore, 60% Polyvinyl acetate to 40% Castor seed oil combinatorial is recommended for paint production for economic and environmental gain
{"title":"PROCESS FORMULATION AND USAGE OF CASTOR SEED OIL AND POLYVINYL ACETATE ADMIXTURE IN THE MANUFACTURING OF EMULSION PAINT","authors":"U. Ugbune, Osamwen L. Okhuarobo","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2126","url":null,"abstract":"Paints are widely used for surface coating, they are made with combinations of different raw materials, for example polyvinyl acetate. The cost of this raw material is increasing daily in Nigeria due higher exchange rate of dollar to naira coupled with an increasing number of entrepreneurs using this material for paint production daily. This raw material is synthetic and not eco-friendly. Therefore, this research seeks to fill this gap by using natural material (castor seed oil) that is cheap and eco-friendly as combinatorial with polyvinyl acetate. Castor seed oil used for this research was sourced from a local market in Delta State. Castor seed oil was extracted using solvent extraction. Paint was produced using four different formulations; Paint produced was characterized using ASTM method. Results obtained from the work showed 43.5 yield of castor seed oil, results of opacity, viscosity, specific gravity, drying time and pH are in the range of 9.5-22, 0.92-0.94,1.01-1.15 gcm3, 25-30 minutes, 7.9-8.6 respectively. The combination of 60% Polyvinyl acetate to 40% Castor seed oil was more effective for paint production due to its low viscosity ( 0.920C) and high specific density (1.15 kg/L). Therefore, 60% Polyvinyl acetate to 40% Castor seed oil combinatorial is recommended for paint production for economic and environmental gain","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"122 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2100
Alexander David Onoja, Salifu Oma Usman, A. Abdullahi, Alifa David Jacob, G. W. Ocheme, Victor Sheneni, Ali Salihu Audu, Abdulazeez Enesi Jimoh
This research aimed to extract, characterize and identify oil components in date-palm seed The date-palm were collected after eating several date-palm (seed). The extraction was undertaken with the aid of a soxhlet apparatus and a solvent hexane was selected based on the fact that it has a very low value of toxicity and A huge retraction rate. The particles gotten from were separate units from numbers i.e. 710um, 1mm and 2mm mesh size mesh size, which 40g each were measured and subjected to the extraction steps and the following values of oil were obtained: respectively: 363, 3.49 and 3.25 with the smallest particle size producing the highest yield. , While the result obtained from FTIR analysis showed the following functional group results CH2, C=O, C=C, C-C, C-O. In the Oil Extract the physicochemical indicates acid value: 2.55mg/g, peroxide value: 1.40mg/g, Saponification value: 80.50mg/g, iodine value: 83.31mg/g, free fatty acid value: 6.71mg/g. However, from this analysis date palm seed oil has high oil value compared to other edible vegetable oil.
{"title":"EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL FROM DATE PALM SEED (PHOENIX DACTYLEPHERA) USING N-HEXANE","authors":"Alexander David Onoja, Salifu Oma Usman, A. Abdullahi, Alifa David Jacob, G. W. Ocheme, Victor Sheneni, Ali Salihu Audu, Abdulazeez Enesi Jimoh","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2100","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to extract, characterize and identify oil components in date-palm seed The date-palm were collected after eating several date-palm (seed). The extraction was undertaken with the aid of a soxhlet apparatus and a solvent hexane was selected based on the fact that it has a very low value of toxicity and A huge retraction rate. The particles gotten from were separate units from numbers i.e. 710um, 1mm and 2mm mesh size mesh size, which 40g each were measured and subjected to the extraction steps and the following values of oil were obtained: respectively: 363, 3.49 and 3.25 with the smallest particle size producing the highest yield. , While the result obtained from FTIR analysis showed the following functional group results CH2, C=O, C=C, C-C, C-O. In the Oil Extract the physicochemical indicates acid value: 2.55mg/g, peroxide value: 1.40mg/g, Saponification value: 80.50mg/g, iodine value: 83.31mg/g, free fatty acid value: 6.71mg/g. However, from this analysis date palm seed oil has high oil value compared to other edible vegetable oil.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"10 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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