Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2039
I. Ali, Ndidiamaka H. Okorie, G. W. Ugodi, N. Ujam, C. Okorie, Chibueze Valentine Atuzu, Raymond M. Okonkwo
Peptic ulcer has been a ravaging gastrointestinal disorder in clinical practice. The symptomatic effect is the perforation of the stomach lining. The study was aimed at evaluating the anti-ulcer activity and phytochemical constituents of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum The powdered leaves were macerated in 95%v/v of methanol for 72 h, and the dried extract obtained was washed with n-hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and butanol (Buta) successively using the solvent partition method to fractionate. Phytochemical constituents were evaluated using validated methods. Acute toxicity was performed using a modified Lorke’s method. Antiulcer studies were conducted using an ethanol-induced ulcer in the rat model. The rats received 200, 400 and 20 mg per kg body weight of Ocimum .gratissimum extract, its fractions and omeprazole respectively once daily for 14 days. The extraction yielded 3.3 % methanol extract, 16.8 % n-hexane 24.4 % ethyl acetate and 5.2 % butanol fractions. The phytochemical constituents of the extracts are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrates, steroids and saponin. There was no mortality even at an oral dose of 5000 mg of extract/kg of mouse in the acute toxicity evaluation. The extract and its fractions (200 and 400 mg/kg doses) exhibited dose-dependent ulcer curative. The Hex fraction (400 mg/kg) demonstrated the best anti-ulcer effect with 78.5 % and ulcer index (UI) of 0.60±0.24 when compared to the standard with 50% and 1.40±0.24 respectively. A significant reduction (p< 0.05) in the UI was observed in rats treated with the Ocimum. gratissimum extract and its fractions.
{"title":"STUDY OF ANTI-ULCEROGENIC EFFECT OF METHANOL EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF THE LEAVES OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM (LAMIACEAE), ON ETHANOL-INDUCED ULCER IN RATS","authors":"I. Ali, Ndidiamaka H. Okorie, G. W. Ugodi, N. Ujam, C. Okorie, Chibueze Valentine Atuzu, Raymond M. Okonkwo","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2039","url":null,"abstract":"Peptic ulcer has been a ravaging gastrointestinal disorder in clinical practice. The symptomatic effect is the perforation of the stomach lining. The study was aimed at evaluating the anti-ulcer activity and phytochemical constituents of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum The powdered leaves were macerated in 95%v/v of methanol for 72 h, and the dried extract obtained was washed with n-hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and butanol (Buta) successively using the solvent partition method to fractionate. Phytochemical constituents were evaluated using validated methods. Acute toxicity was performed using a modified Lorke’s method. Antiulcer studies were conducted using an ethanol-induced ulcer in the rat model. The rats received 200, 400 and 20 mg per kg body weight of Ocimum .gratissimum extract, its fractions and omeprazole respectively once daily for 14 days. The extraction yielded 3.3 % methanol extract, 16.8 % n-hexane 24.4 % ethyl acetate and 5.2 % butanol fractions. The phytochemical constituents of the extracts are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrates, steroids and saponin. There was no mortality even at an oral dose of 5000 mg of extract/kg of mouse in the acute toxicity evaluation. The extract and its fractions (200 and 400 mg/kg doses) exhibited dose-dependent ulcer curative. The Hex fraction (400 mg/kg) demonstrated the best anti-ulcer effect with 78.5 % and ulcer index (UI) of 0.60±0.24 when compared to the standard with 50% and 1.40±0.24 respectively. A significant reduction (p< 0.05) in the UI was observed in rats treated with the Ocimum. gratissimum extract and its fractions.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2119
R. Suleiman, B. Muhammad, A. M. Magashi
The contaminated environmental surfaces are not only potential reservoirs for spread of microbial agents inside hospital but also in community. The development and evolution of antimicrobial resistance in pathogen has been reported to be one of the major issues confronting the global health community. Members of family Enterobacteriacae able to produce extended spectrum of beta lactamase which is responsible to hydrolyze the third generation of cephalosporin group antibiotics resulting treatment failure. The use of beta-lactams has increased considerably since its discovery so also resistant genes leading to Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) mediated by the presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes present in most Gram-negative bacteria. Out of 300 swab samples collected, 218 (72.7%) bacteria were isolated. 158 (72.5%) was gram positive and 60(27.5%) was gram negative. A total of 96(44.0%) isolates were multidrug resistant. Antibiotics susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer technique according to CLSI guidelines. Organisms that tested positive phenotypically for ESBL were subjected to PCR for molecular analysis. ESBL had a percentage rate of 11.3%. The coexistence of bla CTX-M, bla TEM and bla SHV gene was detected
受污染的环境表面不仅是微生物病原体在医院内传播的潜在场所，也是在社区传播的潜在场所。据报道，病原体抗菌药耐药性的产生和演变是全球卫生界面临的主要问题之一。肠杆菌科细菌能产生广谱的β-内酰胺酶，这种酶能水解第三代头孢菌素类抗生素，导致治疗失败。自从发现β-内酰胺类抗生素以来，其使用量大大增加，因此，大多数革兰氏阴性细菌中都存在由 blaCTX-M、blaTEM 和 blaSHV 基因介导的耐药基因，从而导致广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的产生。在采集的 300 份拭子样本中，分离出 218 种（72.7%）细菌。其中 158 个（72.5%）为革兰氏阳性菌，60 个（27.5%）为革兰氏阴性菌。共分离出 96 个（44.0%）耐多种药物的细菌。抗生素药敏试验根据 CLSI 指南采用 Kirby Bauer 技术进行。对 ESBL 表型检测呈阳性的微生物进行 PCR 分子分析。ESBL的比例为11.3%。检测到 bla CTX-M、bla TEM 和 bla SHV 基因共存。
{"title":"SURVEY ON MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT AND EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASES PRODUCING BACTERIA ON CONTACT SURFACES AT MURTALA MUHAMMAD SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, MAKKAH EYE CLINIC AND UMC ZHAHIR HOSPITAL, KANO STATE","authors":"R. Suleiman, B. Muhammad, A. M. Magashi","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2119","url":null,"abstract":"The contaminated environmental surfaces are not only potential reservoirs for spread of microbial agents inside hospital but also in community. The development and evolution of antimicrobial resistance in pathogen has been reported to be one of the major issues confronting the global health community. Members of family Enterobacteriacae able to produce extended spectrum of beta lactamase which is responsible to hydrolyze the third generation of cephalosporin group antibiotics resulting treatment failure. The use of beta-lactams has increased considerably since its discovery so also resistant genes leading to Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) mediated by the presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes present in most Gram-negative bacteria. Out of 300 swab samples collected, 218 (72.7%) bacteria were isolated. 158 (72.5%) was gram positive and 60(27.5%) was gram negative. A total of 96(44.0%) isolates were multidrug resistant. Antibiotics susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer technique according to CLSI guidelines. Organisms that tested positive phenotypically for ESBL were subjected to PCR for molecular analysis. ESBL had a percentage rate of 11.3%. The coexistence of bla CTX-M, bla TEM and bla SHV gene was detected","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lead-contaminated sludge is a major environmental concern, as land application of this material can contaminate surfaces with toxic heavy metals. To address this, a novel approach to utilizing waste lemon peel (WLP) for the remediation of lead-contaminated sludge for land application with the circular economy in perspective is presented. The WLP was collected from local producers and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine the functional groups present. The hydroxyl, carboxyl, ether, and amide groups are the main functional groups in the sample and they have been identified as potential sites responsible for binding heavy metal ions to the biomass. The sludge samples were collected from the Ahmadu Bello University Water treatment plant and analyzed for contamination. The effects of WLP on the lead sorption were investigated using batch experiments. The results indicated that lead sorption onto the WLP was significantly as high as 90.5%. The WLP was found to effectively reduce the lead from the contaminated sludge. This study aimed to identify the capability of WLP as a low-cost and sustainable material for the remediation of lead-contaminated sludge for land application, indicating the potential for waste materials to be utilized in the circular economy. The Material Circularity Indicator of 0.835 indicated a highly circular system.
{"title":"WASTE LEMON PEEL AS A CIRCULAR SOLUTION FOR THE REMEDIATION OF LEAD-CONTAMINATED SLUDGE FOR LAND APPLICATION","authors":"Chinonye Duru, Fatima Badiru Ibrahim, Aliyu Adamu Dandajeh","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2124","url":null,"abstract":"Lead-contaminated sludge is a major environmental concern, as land application of this material can contaminate surfaces with toxic heavy metals. To address this, a novel approach to utilizing waste lemon peel (WLP) for the remediation of lead-contaminated sludge for land application with the circular economy in perspective is presented. The WLP was collected from local producers and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine the functional groups present. The hydroxyl, carboxyl, ether, and amide groups are the main functional groups in the sample and they have been identified as potential sites responsible for binding heavy metal ions to the biomass. The sludge samples were collected from the Ahmadu Bello University Water treatment plant and analyzed for contamination. The effects of WLP on the lead sorption were investigated using batch experiments. The results indicated that lead sorption onto the WLP was significantly as high as 90.5%. The WLP was found to effectively reduce the lead from the contaminated sludge. This study aimed to identify the capability of WLP as a low-cost and sustainable material for the remediation of lead-contaminated sludge for land application, indicating the potential for waste materials to be utilized in the circular economy. The Material Circularity Indicator of 0.835 indicated a highly circular system.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2118
O. C. Molua, A. O. Ukpene, F. C. Ighrakpata, D. N. Nwachuku, D. A. Ogwu, M. Edobor
Biogas production from waste biomass has gained significant attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuels. This study investigated the potential of using tree waste materials for biogas production and optimizing the process parameters. A lab-scale anaerobic digester was used to evaluate the biogas generation potential of tree trimmings and sawdust. Different process parameters, including the substrate-to-inoculum ratio, temperature, and pH, were varied to optimize the biogas yield. We also analyzed the chemical composition of the feedstock and the digestate to assess nutrient recovery potential. The results showed that tree trimmings and sawdust are suitable feedstocks for biogas production, with a maximum biogas yield of 228.4 mL CH4/g VS added obtained at a substrate-to-inoculum ratio of 2:1 and a temperature of 35°C. The nutrient analysis showed that the digestate obtained from the anaerobic digestion process is a rich source of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which can be used as fertilizer.
作为传统化石燃料的可持续替代品，利用废弃生物质生产沼气已受到广泛关注。本研究调查了利用树木废料生产沼气的潜力，并优化了工艺参数。研究人员使用实验室规模的厌氧消化器来评估树木边角料和锯屑的沼气生产潜力。我们改变了不同的工艺参数，包括基质与接种物的比例、温度和 pH 值，以优化沼气产量。我们还分析了原料和沼渣的化学成分，以评估养分回收潜力。结果表明，树木边角料和锯末是生产沼气的合适原料，在基质与接种物比例为 2:1、温度为 35°C 的条件下，沼气产量最高可达 228.4 mL CH4/g（添加的 VS）。养分分析表明，厌氧消化过程产生的沼渣富含氮、磷和钾，可用作肥料。
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM TREE WASTE MATERIALS FOR BIORESOURCE RECOVERY","authors":"O. C. Molua, A. O. Ukpene, F. C. Ighrakpata, D. N. Nwachuku, D. A. Ogwu, M. Edobor","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2118","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas production from waste biomass has gained significant attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuels. This study investigated the potential of using tree waste materials for biogas production and optimizing the process parameters. A lab-scale anaerobic digester was used to evaluate the biogas generation potential of tree trimmings and sawdust. Different process parameters, including the substrate-to-inoculum ratio, temperature, and pH, were varied to optimize the biogas yield. We also analyzed the chemical composition of the feedstock and the digestate to assess nutrient recovery potential. The results showed that tree trimmings and sawdust are suitable feedstocks for biogas production, with a maximum biogas yield of 228.4 mL CH4/g VS added obtained at a substrate-to-inoculum ratio of 2:1 and a temperature of 35°C. The nutrient analysis showed that the digestate obtained from the anaerobic digestion process is a rich source of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which can be used as fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2120
H. Mande, A. Olaniyi, Mercy Richard, Bulus Sule, Deborah Abasha
Vegetation cover in Kafanchan has been on the decrease which has suffered more and undue depletion and degradation. This research assessed the change of land use/land cover for the span of 45 years (1988-2023). This study made use of LANDSAT 2, 4, 8 and 8 images of the year 1988, 1998, 2016 and 2023 accordingly. The images were processed using Arcmap 10.3. For the secondary data collection, the area was demarcated into bare land, water bodies, vegetation and built-up areas. The results shows that there has been an increase of built-up areas from 28.19% of the study area in 1988 to 44.73% in 1998 and 45.98% in 2023. Vegetation land use has also shown a decrease from 49.75% in 1988 to 30.54% in 2023. Water bodies decreased from 12.3% in 1988 to 10.92% in 2023. Vegetated land was the most dominant land cover class in the study area but decreased to 28.84% in 1998, and increase from 28.84% in 1998 to 30.54% in 2023 this is supported by the continuous decline of high-end Normalized Difference vegetation index (NDVI) values from 1988 (0.536), 1998 (0.411), 2016 (0.380) and 2023 (0.280) implying that vegetation cover in Kafanchan is steadily being depleted. The applications of RS and GIS will promote better understanding in the monitoring of land use-land cover interactions to aid planning, management and enterprise.
{"title":"CHANGE IN LAND USE/LAND COVER USING REMOTELY SENSED IMAGES IN KAFANCHAN AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"H. Mande, A. Olaniyi, Mercy Richard, Bulus Sule, Deborah Abasha","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2120","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation cover in Kafanchan has been on the decrease which has suffered more and undue depletion and degradation. This research assessed the change of land use/land cover for the span of 45 years (1988-2023). This study made use of LANDSAT 2, 4, 8 and 8 images of the year 1988, 1998, 2016 and 2023 accordingly. The images were processed using Arcmap 10.3. For the secondary data collection, the area was demarcated into bare land, water bodies, vegetation and built-up areas. The results shows that there has been an increase of built-up areas from 28.19% of the study area in 1988 to 44.73% in 1998 and 45.98% in 2023. Vegetation land use has also shown a decrease from 49.75% in 1988 to 30.54% in 2023. Water bodies decreased from 12.3% in 1988 to 10.92% in 2023. Vegetated land was the most dominant land cover class in the study area but decreased to 28.84% in 1998, and increase from 28.84% in 1998 to 30.54% in 2023 this is supported by the continuous decline of high-end Normalized Difference vegetation index (NDVI) values from 1988 (0.536), 1998 (0.411), 2016 (0.380) and 2023 (0.280) implying that vegetation cover in Kafanchan is steadily being depleted. The applications of RS and GIS will promote better understanding in the monitoring of land use-land cover interactions to aid planning, management and enterprise.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2123
Rosephine Enadeghe, A. E. Omoregie
Terminalia ivorensis (TI) is used in West African ethnomedicine for the treatment of ulcers, malaria, inflammation, and wounds. Despite its widespread use, its nutritional status remains largely undetermined. This study was undertaken with the aim to evalute the nutritional and phytochemical composition of TI. Proximate analysis of the methanol leaf extracts of TI was carried out using the AOAC methods. Elemental analysis of the methanol leaf extracts of the plant was also carried out using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Identification and quantification of the bioactive components were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) single-phase ion mode. Spectra from detected compounds were matched with known compounds of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Proximate analysis reveals that it is rich in primary nutrients such as carbohydrates (37.70±0.05%), proteins (10.94±0.03%), fats (7.97±0.12%), fibre (0.95±0.01%), ash (1.42±0.01%) and moisture content (41.02±0.21%). Mineral analysis of the extract revealed the presence of essential minerals such as calcium (641.2±1.20 mg/100g), copper (6.28±0.02 mg/100g), magnesium (186.16±0.29 mg/100g), iron (17.13±0.06 mg/100g), manganese (3.47±0.01 mg/100g), and zinc (3.82±0.01 mg/100g), which are essential for the metabolic processes and pregnancy. Forty-Seven (47) phytochemical compounds were detected by GC-MS including 1, 2, 3- Benzenetriol (26.31%), Diethyl Phthalate (14.93%), D-Allose (6.96%), Anhydro-.alpha-d-galactofuranose (5.09), Glycerin (6.28%) as the most predominant. The study revealed that Terminalia ivorensis could be a useful source of nutrients, minerals, and several helpful bioactive compounds that may serves as potential drug target needed for drug development
{"title":"NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS) ANALYSIS OF METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Terminalia ivorensis","authors":"Rosephine Enadeghe, A. E. Omoregie","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2123","url":null,"abstract":"Terminalia ivorensis (TI) is used in West African ethnomedicine for the treatment of ulcers, malaria, inflammation, and wounds. Despite its widespread use, its nutritional status remains largely undetermined. This study was undertaken with the aim to evalute the nutritional and phytochemical composition of TI. Proximate analysis of the methanol leaf extracts of TI was carried out using the AOAC methods. Elemental analysis of the methanol leaf extracts of the plant was also carried out using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Identification and quantification of the bioactive components were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) single-phase ion mode. Spectra from detected compounds were matched with known compounds of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Proximate analysis reveals that it is rich in primary nutrients such as carbohydrates (37.70±0.05%), proteins (10.94±0.03%), fats (7.97±0.12%), fibre (0.95±0.01%), ash (1.42±0.01%) and moisture content (41.02±0.21%). Mineral analysis of the extract revealed the presence of essential minerals such as calcium (641.2±1.20 mg/100g), copper (6.28±0.02 mg/100g), magnesium (186.16±0.29 mg/100g), iron (17.13±0.06 mg/100g), manganese (3.47±0.01 mg/100g), and zinc (3.82±0.01 mg/100g), which are essential for the metabolic processes and pregnancy. Forty-Seven (47) phytochemical compounds were detected by GC-MS including 1, 2, 3- Benzenetriol (26.31%), Diethyl Phthalate (14.93%), D-Allose (6.96%), Anhydro-.alpha-d-galactofuranose (5.09), Glycerin (6.28%) as the most predominant. The study revealed that Terminalia ivorensis could be a useful source of nutrients, minerals, and several helpful bioactive compounds that may serves as potential drug target needed for drug development","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":" 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2081
Khadijah Aminu Umar, Ahmad Akanbi Adedo, A. Muhammad, Ahmad Sa'eed, Abdulladif Muhammad, Abdulhakeem Abdullateef, Ibrahim Auwal Gama, Husseini Tijani
This study focuses on optimizing and characterizing alkali-catalyzed biodiesel production from used cooking oil. Transesterification using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methanol, followed by solvent-solvent extraction, yielded biodiesel. Physicochemical analysis of the used cooking oil revealed an acid value of 29 mgNaOH/g, free fatty acid (FFA) value of 14.5, and density of 0.91 g/cm3. The high FFA content suggests the use of a heterogeneous catalyst. Optimization parameters included alcohol-to-oil ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and time, employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD). Optimal conditions for biodiesel production were determined at a reaction temperature of 60°C, a reaction time of 60 minutes, 0.3g KOH catalyst concentration, and a 3:20 methanol-to-oil ratio, predicting a 100% yield. Physiochemical properties of the produced biodiesel indicated specific gravity and pH values of 0.891 and 7.60, respectively. Biodiesel blends (B100, B80, and B20) exhibited specific gravity and pH values of 0.891, 0.842, and 0.839, and 7.60, 7.81, and 5.5, respectively. Comparative analysis with diesel suggests the biodiesel's suitability for standalone or blended use in diesel engines. Characterization involved physicochemical analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Overall, the optimized process presented a viable and efficient approach to producing biodiesel from used cooking oil with favourable fuel properties
{"title":"PTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF USED COOKING OIL FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY","authors":"Khadijah Aminu Umar, Ahmad Akanbi Adedo, A. Muhammad, Ahmad Sa'eed, Abdulladif Muhammad, Abdulhakeem Abdullateef, Ibrahim Auwal Gama, Husseini Tijani","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2081","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on optimizing and characterizing alkali-catalyzed biodiesel production from used cooking oil. Transesterification using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and methanol, followed by solvent-solvent extraction, yielded biodiesel. Physicochemical analysis of the used cooking oil revealed an acid value of 29 mgNaOH/g, free fatty acid (FFA) value of 14.5, and density of 0.91 g/cm3. The high FFA content suggests the use of a heterogeneous catalyst. Optimization parameters included alcohol-to-oil ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and time, employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD). Optimal conditions for biodiesel production were determined at a reaction temperature of 60°C, a reaction time of 60 minutes, 0.3g KOH catalyst concentration, and a 3:20 methanol-to-oil ratio, predicting a 100% yield. Physiochemical properties of the produced biodiesel indicated specific gravity and pH values of 0.891 and 7.60, respectively. Biodiesel blends (B100, B80, and B20) exhibited specific gravity and pH values of 0.891, 0.842, and 0.839, and 7.60, 7.81, and 5.5, respectively. Comparative analysis with diesel suggests the biodiesel's suitability for standalone or blended use in diesel engines. Characterization involved physicochemical analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Overall, the optimized process presented a viable and efficient approach to producing biodiesel from used cooking oil with favourable fuel properties","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2056
Nnamdi S. Okomba, Adebimpe O. Esan, B. Omodunbi, Adedayo A. Sobowale, Opeyemi Adanigbo, Oluwasegun O. Oguntuase
This paper focuses on the implementation of a solar-powered pump system integrated with IoT technology for agricultural irrigation control. By leveraging the properties of the system, such as humidity, temperature, soil moisture, time collection based on solar panel activity, and peculiarities like using a mobile app and automated control, the project aims to provide an efficient and sustainable solution for irrigation.The system utilizes humidity sensors strategically placed in the soil to monitor moisture levels, enabling precise irrigation control. To enhance user experience and accessibility, a user-friendly mobile app is developed. This app allows farmers to remotely monitor and control the irrigation process, providing real-time data, irrigation scheduling options, and the ability to adjust system settings. Through IoT integration, the system enables automated control of the pump based on predefined parameters. By analyzing sensor data, including humidity levels and solar panel activity, the system autonomously adjusts irrigation operations, reducing manual intervention and improving overall efficiency. From the acquired results, at a temperature of 37.2 0C, the humidity level is low at 49.6%, thereby activating the irrigation pump which resulted to decrease in temperature at 26.70C after a period of 1hr 48mins with the humidity, and soil moisture levels at 73.9%, and 88% respectively. The developed system monitors and balance the soil moisture level through automated irrigation process which is solar powered and remotely managed.
{"title":"IOT BASED SOLAR POWERED PUMP FOR AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM","authors":"Nnamdi S. Okomba, Adebimpe O. Esan, B. Omodunbi, Adedayo A. Sobowale, Opeyemi Adanigbo, Oluwasegun O. Oguntuase","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2056","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the implementation of a solar-powered pump system integrated with IoT technology for agricultural irrigation control. By leveraging the properties of the system, such as humidity, temperature, soil moisture, time collection based on solar panel activity, and peculiarities like using a mobile app and automated control, the project aims to provide an efficient and sustainable solution for irrigation.The system utilizes humidity sensors strategically placed in the soil to monitor moisture levels, enabling precise irrigation control. To enhance user experience and accessibility, a user-friendly mobile app is developed. This app allows farmers to remotely monitor and control the irrigation process, providing real-time data, irrigation scheduling options, and the ability to adjust system settings. Through IoT integration, the system enables automated control of the pump based on predefined parameters. By analyzing sensor data, including humidity levels and solar panel activity, the system autonomously adjusts irrigation operations, reducing manual intervention and improving overall efficiency. From the acquired results, at a temperature of 37.2 0C, the humidity level is low at 49.6%, thereby activating the irrigation pump which resulted to decrease in temperature at 26.70C after a period of 1hr 48mins with the humidity, and soil moisture levels at 73.9%, and 88% respectively. The developed system monitors and balance the soil moisture level through automated irrigation process which is solar powered and remotely managed.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2117
E. P. Guma, Samuel Omeiza Raji, Akoji Augustine, Haruna, Sunday Ibiyemi, Abdulazeez Adeiza Usman, Etudaye Abdulganiyu Bello
Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is an aspect of Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) technique that uses one satellite receiver to determine position, velocity and time of points on the earth’s surface. PPP could be used globally for a wide range of applications such as positioning in remote areas and positioning where there are lacks of control networks. In order words, PPP is deployed wherever reference stations are not available for it does not transfer local error about. The aim of this study is to verify the consistency of precise point positioning data in cadastral surveying. Selected points were observed 5 times within the period of 12 months. Each observation lasted 60 minutes for each station. The raw GNSS data were downloaded from the receiver into a computer, and converted to RINEX file which were later uploaded to online post-processing service. The results were subjected to standard deviation and confidence interval computations. The results were in centimeter levels. Therefore, the PPP is recommended for use in static mode for control establishments in areas where there are no controls for surveying and mapping.
{"title":"VERIFYING THE CONSISTENCY OF PRECISE POINT POSITIONING CONTROLS FOR CADASTRAL SURVEYING","authors":"E. P. Guma, Samuel Omeiza Raji, Akoji Augustine, Haruna, Sunday Ibiyemi, Abdulazeez Adeiza Usman, Etudaye Abdulganiyu Bello","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2117","url":null,"abstract":"Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is an aspect of Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) technique that uses one satellite receiver to determine position, velocity and time of points on the earth’s surface. PPP could be used globally for a wide range of applications such as positioning in remote areas and positioning where there are lacks of control networks. In order words, PPP is deployed wherever reference stations are not available for it does not transfer local error about. The aim of this study is to verify the consistency of precise point positioning data in cadastral surveying. Selected points were observed 5 times within the period of 12 months. Each observation lasted 60 minutes for each station. The raw GNSS data were downloaded from the receiver into a computer, and converted to RINEX file which were later uploaded to online post-processing service. The results were subjected to standard deviation and confidence interval computations. The results were in centimeter levels. Therefore, the PPP is recommended for use in static mode for control establishments in areas where there are no controls for surveying and mapping.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2115
B. O. Obaje, M. Garba, I. I. Ahmed, I. Mahmud
The development of groundwater resources is crucial to the economic and social well-being of the rural population as well as the health implications that lack of access to potable water portend. In this study, traditional hydrogeological mapping and the geographic information system (GIS) technique were combined for a better prediction of the groundwater potential of the Southwestern part of Makurdi where the study area lies. Results from the geologic, hydrogeologic mapping and hydrogeophysical survey were integrated with the groundwater occurrence controlling factors derived from field work and remote sensing to delineate the groundwater potential zones. A total of 23 locations were studied and sampled which was used to generate the geologic map of the area, aquifer parameters and the geo-electric layers. These data were compared to the remotely sensed data to produce the hydrogeological map of the area. Using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), the groundwater potential of the area was categorized into four units; poor, fair, good and excellent. 37% of the area under study shows very poor to poor groundwater potential, 40% indicates fair potential and 23% displayed good to excellent potentials. From the vertical electrical sounding curve analysis, weathered (unconfined) and weathered/fractured (unconfined) aquifer types were identified in the area. Hence, the developed groundwater potential map in this study can be harnessed for optimal groundwater resource management of the Southwestern part of Makurdi.
{"title":"HYDROGEOPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL OF MAKURDI AND ITS ENVIRONS USING VES AND GIS, NORTHCENTRAL NIGERIA","authors":"B. O. Obaje, M. Garba, I. I. Ahmed, I. Mahmud","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2115","url":null,"abstract":"The development of groundwater resources is crucial to the economic and social well-being of the rural population as well as the health implications that lack of access to potable water portend. In this study, traditional hydrogeological mapping and the geographic information system (GIS) technique were combined for a better prediction of the groundwater potential of the Southwestern part of Makurdi where the study area lies. Results from the geologic, hydrogeologic mapping and hydrogeophysical survey were integrated with the groundwater occurrence controlling factors derived from field work and remote sensing to delineate the groundwater potential zones. A total of 23 locations were studied and sampled which was used to generate the geologic map of the area, aquifer parameters and the geo-electric layers. These data were compared to the remotely sensed data to produce the hydrogeological map of the area. Using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), the groundwater potential of the area was categorized into four units; poor, fair, good and excellent. 37% of the area under study shows very poor to poor groundwater potential, 40% indicates fair potential and 23% displayed good to excellent potentials. From the vertical electrical sounding curve analysis, weathered (unconfined) and weathered/fractured (unconfined) aquifer types were identified in the area. Hence, the developed groundwater potential map in this study can be harnessed for optimal groundwater resource management of the Southwestern part of Makurdi.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":" 79","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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