Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2267
Hassan Chiwar, A. T. Alkali, A. I. Musa, H. B. Umar
Histopathology, crucial for disease diagnosis, heavily relies on effective tissue fixation to maintain cellular architecture. However, the carcinogenic nature of formalin has spurred interest in safer alternatives. Moringa oleifera, renowned for its medicinal properties, presents a promising natural fixative candidate. This study aimed to assess Moringa oleifera extract's viability as a fixative for histopathological applications, specifically focusing on its compatibility with subsequent histological analyses. Distilled water and normal saline solutions of Moringa extract were prepared at varying concentrations. Kidney tissue samples from euthanized rats were treated with these solutions alongside formalin. Tissue sections underwent manual processing, embedding, sectioning, and staining using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) technique. Microscopic examination revealed varying degrees of tissue preservation across Moringa concentrations and solvents. Higher concentrations (15%) in distilled water exhibited optimal preservation, akin to formalin-fixed tissues, while lower concentrations and normal saline solutions showed suboptimal fixation. These findings highlight Moringa oleifera's potential as a tissue fixative, particularly at higher concentrations in distilled water. Further research is recommended to isolate active components and explore alternative Moringa extracts for enhanced tissue preservation. Comparative studies would elucidate the efficacy of Moringa-derived fixatives and inform their utilization in histopathological practice.
{"title":"EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF MORINGA OLEIFERA EXTRACT AS A NATURAL TISSUE FIXATIVE FOR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS","authors":"Hassan Chiwar, A. T. Alkali, A. I. Musa, H. B. Umar","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2267","url":null,"abstract":"Histopathology, crucial for disease diagnosis, heavily relies on effective tissue fixation to maintain cellular architecture. However, the carcinogenic nature of formalin has spurred interest in safer alternatives. Moringa oleifera, renowned for its medicinal properties, presents a promising natural fixative candidate. This study aimed to assess Moringa oleifera extract's viability as a fixative for histopathological applications, specifically focusing on its compatibility with subsequent histological analyses. Distilled water and normal saline solutions of Moringa extract were prepared at varying concentrations. Kidney tissue samples from euthanized rats were treated with these solutions alongside formalin. Tissue sections underwent manual processing, embedding, sectioning, and staining using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) technique. Microscopic examination revealed varying degrees of tissue preservation across Moringa concentrations and solvents. Higher concentrations (15%) in distilled water exhibited optimal preservation, akin to formalin-fixed tissues, while lower concentrations and normal saline solutions showed suboptimal fixation. These findings highlight Moringa oleifera's potential as a tissue fixative, particularly at higher concentrations in distilled water. Further research is recommended to isolate active components and explore alternative Moringa extracts for enhanced tissue preservation. Comparative studies would elucidate the efficacy of Moringa-derived fixatives and inform their utilization in histopathological practice.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140260949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2229
N. Nabage, A. Maigari, A. I. Haruna, B. A. Umar, T. P. Bata, A. H. Aliyu, S. Umar, Y. Abdulmumin, S. Abdulkarim
The effects of chlorite on sandstone reservoirs have received more attention recently. Deeply buried sandstone reservoirs are prone to diagenetic alterations due to the presence of clays thereby affecting their reservoir quality (porosity). The effects of chlorite authigenesis on reservoir porosity are yet to be fully understood, and these create uncertainties in reservoir exploration of the fluvial reservoir in the basin. The Early Cretaceous Bima Sandstone which is divided into the Lower and Upper Members was deposited in a braided river to alluvial fan settings. An integrated approach, including thin-section petrography, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses was employed in the study with the aim of determining the effects of different chlorite occurrences on reservoir quality (porosity). Sandstone reservoir quality depends on both depositional parameters like grain size, sorting and matrix content as well as diagenetic alterations. Chlorite formation involves the availability of precursor clays like smectite, kaolinite and berthierine as the material base and dissolution of detrital grains to provide Fe and Mg ions. Two types of authigenic chlorite occurrences were observed in this research; the grain-coating chlorite and the pore-filling chlorite. The study shows that chlorite sourced from smectite-dominant clays occurs as grain-coating thereby inhibiting quartz overgrowth, whereas chlorite formed from kaolinite are found as pore-fillings which leads to deterioration of reservoir porosity.
最近，绿泥石对砂岩储层的影响受到越来越多的关注。由于粘土的存在，深埋砂岩储层很容易发生成岩变化，从而影响储层质量（孔隙度）。 绿泥石自生作用对储层孔隙度的影响尚有待充分了解，这给盆地内河流储层的储层勘探带来了不确定性。早白垩世的毕马砂岩分为下统和上统，沉积于辫状河至冲积扇环境中。研究采用了一种综合方法，包括薄片岩相学、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）分析，目的是确定不同绿泥石含量对储层质量（孔隙度）的影响。砂岩储层质量既取决于沉积参数，如粒度、分选和基质含量，也取决于成岩改变。绿泥石的形成涉及到作为物质基础的前驱粘土（如埃墨石、高岭石和贝壳钙钛矿）的存在，以及提供铁和镁离子的碎屑颗粒的溶解。本研究观察到两种自生绿泥石现象：晶粒包裹型绿泥石和孔隙填充型绿泥石。研究结果表明，来自以闪长岩为主的粘土的绿泥石以晶粒包裹的形式出现，从而抑制了石英的过度生长；而来自高岭石的绿泥石则以孔隙填充的形式出现，导致储层孔隙度恶化。
{"title":"CHLORITE AUTHIGENESIS AND ITS EFFECTS ON RESERVOIR POROSITY IN THE EARLY CRETACEOUS BIMA SANDSTONE, YOLA SUB-BASIN, NORTHERN BENUE TROUGH, NIGERIA","authors":"N. Nabage, A. Maigari, A. I. Haruna, B. A. Umar, T. P. Bata, A. H. Aliyu, S. Umar, Y. Abdulmumin, S. Abdulkarim","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2229","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of chlorite on sandstone reservoirs have received more attention recently. Deeply buried sandstone reservoirs are prone to diagenetic alterations due to the presence of clays thereby affecting their reservoir quality (porosity). The effects of chlorite authigenesis on reservoir porosity are yet to be fully understood, and these create uncertainties in reservoir exploration of the fluvial reservoir in the basin. The Early Cretaceous Bima Sandstone which is divided into the Lower and Upper Members was deposited in a braided river to alluvial fan settings. An integrated approach, including thin-section petrography, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses was employed in the study with the aim of determining the effects of different chlorite occurrences on reservoir quality (porosity). Sandstone reservoir quality depends on both depositional parameters like grain size, sorting and matrix content as well as diagenetic alterations. Chlorite formation involves the availability of precursor clays like smectite, kaolinite and berthierine as the material base and dissolution of detrital grains to provide Fe and Mg ions. Two types of authigenic chlorite occurrences were observed in this research; the grain-coating chlorite and the pore-filling chlorite. The study shows that chlorite sourced from smectite-dominant clays occurs as grain-coating thereby inhibiting quartz overgrowth, whereas chlorite formed from kaolinite are found as pore-fillings which leads to deterioration of reservoir porosity.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2203
Sakiru Abiodun Okedeyi, Yusuf Olanrewaju Kayode, Abimbola Joshua, Adesanya Atilade, F. E. Ikuemonisan, Anthony Segara Ajose, Farouk Ajeigbe Kasika, Bilikis Opeyemi Odubote, Balqis Ayoka Ejire-Adedolapo
Cosmic radiation is high-energy radiation generated in outer space that increases with altitudes. This study uses aircrew cosmic radiation exposure to measure radiation dose received by monitoring individual crew members (a total of 179 members for all the crews in the three routes for 2011 to 2022) using computer model calculator (CARI – 6M) on Nigeria’s local airlines crews and evaluated other radiological parameters. The finding shows that annual effective dose (AED) received by the air crew members between 2011 and 2022 across the three routes (Lagos – Kano, Lagos – Abuja and Lagos – Port Harcourt) ranges between 0.230 and 1.90 µSv y-1 and there is a direct relationship between the time of flight and the effective dose received by the crew members. This result is lower than the recommended value of 20 µSv y-1 by International bodies. The result also revealed that Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent (AGDE) across the three routes ranges from 7.20 – 380 µSv y-1 with only Lagos – Kano route in year 2017 (380 µSv y-1) were above the maximum permissible value of 300 µSv y-1. The findings indicated low AED however; the significant excess lifetime cancer risk that increases with cumulative doses and dependent of the flight route constitute a risk. This implies that, there are possibilities of the crew members developing cancer during their lifetime. It’s therefore recommended that Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority should introduce regulations and training program to reduce potential sources of radiation exposure of Nigerian flight crews.
{"title":"ASSESSING ANNUAL EXPOSURES DOSE AND OTHER RADIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FROM COSMIC RADIATION AMONG FLIGHT CREWS IN NIGERIA LOCAL AIRLINE","authors":"Sakiru Abiodun Okedeyi, Yusuf Olanrewaju Kayode, Abimbola Joshua, Adesanya Atilade, F. E. Ikuemonisan, Anthony Segara Ajose, Farouk Ajeigbe Kasika, Bilikis Opeyemi Odubote, Balqis Ayoka Ejire-Adedolapo","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2203","url":null,"abstract":"Cosmic radiation is high-energy radiation generated in outer space that increases with altitudes. This study uses aircrew cosmic radiation exposure to measure radiation dose received by monitoring individual crew members (a total of 179 members for all the crews in the three routes for 2011 to 2022) using computer model calculator (CARI – 6M) on Nigeria’s local airlines crews and evaluated other radiological parameters. The finding shows that annual effective dose (AED) received by the air crew members between 2011 and 2022 across the three routes (Lagos – Kano, Lagos – Abuja and Lagos – Port Harcourt) ranges between 0.230 and 1.90 µSv y-1 and there is a direct relationship between the time of flight and the effective dose received by the crew members. This result is lower than the recommended value of 20 µSv y-1 by International bodies. The result also revealed that Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent (AGDE) across the three routes ranges from 7.20 – 380 µSv y-1 with only Lagos – Kano route in year 2017 (380 µSv y-1) were above the maximum permissible value of 300 µSv y-1. The findings indicated low AED however; the significant excess lifetime cancer risk that increases with cumulative doses and dependent of the flight route constitute a risk. This implies that, there are possibilities of the crew members developing cancer during their lifetime. It’s therefore recommended that Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority should introduce regulations and training program to reduce potential sources of radiation exposure of Nigerian flight crews.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2263
Teniola O. Olaleye, O. K. Bodunwa, A. I. Adewole
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prolonged disease with debilitating effect on man. This includes many health problems because the disease is a risk factor for a number of complications. This study employs a multinomial logistic regression model to explore the prevalence of diabetes and identify contributing factors. Analyzing a diverse range of variables, the study aims to provide in-depth insights into the complex relationships influencing diabetes occurrence. The findings indicated that poor health status contributed more, among other factors, in terms of influencing diabetes. This could be as a result of having other health challenges. Also, women with stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and heart disease were at greater risk of having diabetes compared to those not having. Women who were active had lower risk of having diabetes compared to those who were inactive as physical activities help control bodyweight through increased fat metabolism. Increasing age is often accompanied by a progressive decline in most physiological functions, resulting in increased susceptibility to disease. It was observed in this research that DM was more prevalent in elderly women than women of younger age.
{"title":"PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG WOMEN USING THE MULTINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL","authors":"Teniola O. Olaleye, O. K. Bodunwa, A. I. Adewole","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2263","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prolonged disease with debilitating effect on man. This includes many health problems because the disease is a risk factor for a number of complications. This study employs a multinomial logistic regression model to explore the prevalence of diabetes and identify contributing factors. Analyzing a diverse range of variables, the study aims to provide in-depth insights into the complex relationships influencing diabetes occurrence. The findings indicated that poor health status contributed more, among other factors, in terms of influencing diabetes. This could be as a result of having other health challenges. Also, women with stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and heart disease were at greater risk of having diabetes compared to those not having. Women who were active had lower risk of having diabetes compared to those who were inactive as physical activities help control bodyweight through increased fat metabolism. Increasing age is often accompanied by a progressive decline in most physiological functions, resulting in increased susceptibility to disease. It was observed in this research that DM was more prevalent in elderly women than women of younger age.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-1394
T. Adebowale, B. B. Ibiyomi, O. Akintunde, O. O. Oduntan, T. B. Ajibade
Wildlife plays a crucial role in supplying energy, protein, and various components essential for human diets in tropical regions. In urban areas, there is still substantial consumption of bush meat, such as grasscutter, which serves as a significant source of nutrition. The study examined the proximate composition, mineral content, and sensory properties of processed grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) meat using three distinct preparation methods. The grasscutter samples were acquired from the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. The meat underwent smoking, boiling, and oven drying after slaughtering and washing. A portion of each processed grasscutter meat was collected, placed in sterile containers, and transported to the laboratory for proximate and mineral analysis. A questionnaire was employed for organoleptic evaluation and twelve taste panelists comprising randomly selected students, non-academic staff members, and lecturers from the department participated in the assessment. The proximate analysis followed the standard procedure outlined in the AOAC method (2005). Results indicated that the crude protein content was 20.06% for smoked and 16.40% for oven-dried grasscutter meat. The oven-dried meat exhibited lower fat content. Sensory evaluation suggested that oven-dried meat was perceived as the most favorable, with the highest mean values for aroma (8.42±0.26), taste (7.67±0.36), flavor (8.42±0.99), texture (7.67±0.36), acceptability (7.67±0.36), and the lowest for odor (2.08±0.31) compared to boiled and smoked samples. Moreover, oven-dried grasscutter meat demonstrated elevated levels of magnesium (7.45%) and potassium (27.43%). It is therefore recommended that the oven drying method of meat processing should be...
{"title":"EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROCESSING METHODS ON THE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION, MINERAL, AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF DOMESTICATED GRASSCUTTER (Thryonomys swinderianus)","authors":"T. Adebowale, B. B. Ibiyomi, O. Akintunde, O. O. Oduntan, T. B. Ajibade","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-1394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-1394","url":null,"abstract":"Wildlife plays a crucial role in supplying energy, protein, and various components essential for human diets in tropical regions. In urban areas, there is still substantial consumption of bush meat, such as grasscutter, which serves as a significant source of nutrition. The study examined the proximate composition, mineral content, and sensory properties of processed grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) meat using three distinct preparation methods. The grasscutter samples were acquired from the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. The meat underwent smoking, boiling, and oven drying after slaughtering and washing. A portion of each processed grasscutter meat was collected, placed in sterile containers, and transported to the laboratory for proximate and mineral analysis. A questionnaire was employed for organoleptic evaluation and twelve taste panelists comprising randomly selected students, non-academic staff members, and lecturers from the department participated in the assessment. The proximate analysis followed the standard procedure outlined in the AOAC method (2005). Results indicated that the crude protein content was 20.06% for smoked and 16.40% for oven-dried grasscutter meat. The oven-dried meat exhibited lower fat content. Sensory evaluation suggested that oven-dried meat was perceived as the most favorable, with the highest mean values for aroma (8.42±0.26), taste (7.67±0.36), flavor (8.42±0.99), texture (7.67±0.36), acceptability (7.67±0.36), and the lowest for odor (2.08±0.31) compared to boiled and smoked samples. Moreover, oven-dried grasscutter meat demonstrated elevated levels of magnesium (7.45%) and potassium (27.43%). It is therefore recommended that the oven drying method of meat processing should be...","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2265
S. Danladi, Nafisah Bisallah Lawal, A. M. Alhassan
Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder marked by distortions in cognition, emotion, language, perception, and thought, affects an estimated 20 million individuals globally. In Nigeria, where a significant population relies on herbal medicines, including those derived from Hymenocardia acida, to address mental health needs, there have been traditional claims regarding the plant's efficacy in treating schizophrenia. This study aims to screen phytochemical constituents and establish the anti-schizophrenic potential of the methanol leaf extract of H. acida. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids in the methanol leaf extract. The Lorke method determined the intraperitoneal median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract to be above 5000 mg/kg in mice. The anti-schizophrenic activity was assessed through various tests, including apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior, swim-induced grooming, and haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Results indicated that the methanol leaf extract, at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, did not significantly reduce apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior. However, it exhibited a significant and dose-dependent reduction in the average number of grooming episodes and the duration of swim-induced grooming behavior across all tested doses. Notably, the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) significantly reduced cataleptic effects at 60 minutes post haloperidol administration compared to the negative control. These findings suggest the potential anti-schizophrenic activity of the methanol leaf extract of H. acida, supporting its traditional use in addressing psychiatric disorders.
{"title":"PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTISCHIZOPHRENIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Hymenocardia acida Tul. (Phyllantaceae)","authors":"S. Danladi, Nafisah Bisallah Lawal, A. M. Alhassan","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2265","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder marked by distortions in cognition, emotion, language, perception, and thought, affects an estimated 20 million individuals globally. In Nigeria, where a significant population relies on herbal medicines, including those derived from Hymenocardia acida, to address mental health needs, there have been traditional claims regarding the plant's efficacy in treating schizophrenia. This study aims to screen phytochemical constituents and establish the anti-schizophrenic potential of the methanol leaf extract of H. acida. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids in the methanol leaf extract. The Lorke method determined the intraperitoneal median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract to be above 5000 mg/kg in mice. The anti-schizophrenic activity was assessed through various tests, including apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior, swim-induced grooming, and haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Results indicated that the methanol leaf extract, at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, did not significantly reduce apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior. However, it exhibited a significant and dose-dependent reduction in the average number of grooming episodes and the duration of swim-induced grooming behavior across all tested doses. Notably, the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) significantly reduced cataleptic effects at 60 minutes post haloperidol administration compared to the negative control. These findings suggest the potential anti-schizophrenic activity of the methanol leaf extract of H. acida, supporting its traditional use in addressing psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2259
S. I. Salifu, B. S. Hamza, D. Akpootu, T. A. Kola, A. Yusuf
In this comprehensive study, an extensive 22-year dataset (2001-2022) for Benin (Latitude 6.32 oN, Longitude 5.10 oE and 77.80 m above sea level) were obtained from the National Aeronautic Space Administration (NASA) website. The datasets comprises of the monthly average daily global solar radiation, diffuse solar radiation, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and mean temperature, was utilized to develop 19 new models for estimating diffuse solar radiation. These models were categorized into five distinct groups: modified Page, Liu and Jordan models; clearness index and one-variable models; two-variable models; three-variable models, and a four-variable model. These models were statistically evaluated using a set of five validation indices—Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Percentage Error (MPE), t-test, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The study identified the most effective models in each category. Equation 28b from the modified Page, Liu and Jordan category, Equation 28f from the clearness index and one-variable models, Equation 28j from the two-variable models, and Equation 28o from the three-variable models category were found to be the best-performing models. A comparative assessment of these performed models revealed that the quadratic regression model (Equation 28b) stood out as the most suitable for accurately estimating diffuse solar radiation in Benin. This implies that the developed model equation 28b can be used to estimate the diffuse solar radiation for Benin and locations with similar climatic conditions
{"title":"NEW MODELS FOR ESTIMATION OF DIFFUSE SOLAR RADIATION USING METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR BENIN, NIGERIA","authors":"S. I. Salifu, B. S. Hamza, D. Akpootu, T. A. Kola, A. Yusuf","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2259","url":null,"abstract":"In this comprehensive study, an extensive 22-year dataset (2001-2022) for Benin (Latitude 6.32 oN, Longitude 5.10 oE and 77.80 m above sea level) were obtained from the National Aeronautic Space Administration (NASA) website. The datasets comprises of the monthly average daily global solar radiation, diffuse solar radiation, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and mean temperature, was utilized to develop 19 new models for estimating diffuse solar radiation. These models were categorized into five distinct groups: modified Page, Liu and Jordan models; clearness index and one-variable models; two-variable models; three-variable models, and a four-variable model. These models were statistically evaluated using a set of five validation indices—Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Percentage Error (MPE), t-test, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The study identified the most effective models in each category. Equation 28b from the modified Page, Liu and Jordan category, Equation 28f from the clearness index and one-variable models, Equation 28j from the two-variable models, and Equation 28o from the three-variable models category were found to be the best-performing models. A comparative assessment of these performed models revealed that the quadratic regression model (Equation 28b) stood out as the most suitable for accurately estimating diffuse solar radiation in Benin. This implies that the developed model equation 28b can be used to estimate the diffuse solar radiation for Benin and locations with similar climatic conditions","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2262
Sandra G. Okere, F. Nduka, K. Otokunefor
Drinking water or potable water also known as improved drinking water is said to be any water that is free from physical, chemical, biological or radiological form of contamination. Water samples were collected from 5 rivers in Omuchi Aluu, Choba, Chokocho, Oyigbo, and Aleto communities, in Rivers State, Nigeria, used for activities such as washing, bathing, fishing, and dredging by community indigenes. Water samples were collected from various sampling stations and, transported to the laboratory, African Biosciences, Ibadan for analysis to characterize and identify the protozoan parasites using molecular techniques. This study aimed at characterizing the genotype of protozoan parasites of water from selected rivers in River State, Nigeria, using molecular methods to check for portability and purity of water. DNA Primers of five protozoan parasites, Giardia species, Entamoeba species, Cryptosporidium species, Cyclospora species, and Toxoplasma species were used to analyze and detect the presence of the genes of these protozoans. The study showed the presence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvuum, and the absence of Entamoeba histolytica, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Toxoplasma gondii from the water samples collected from Omuchi Aluu, Choba, Chokocho, Oyigbo, and Aleto rivers. It was concluded that water samples collected from rivers contaminated with parasites, is unsuitable for drinking, hence community locals should be sensitized to embark on good water sanitary and hygiene (WASH) practices, for a healthy life and sustainable environment.
饮用水或饮用水又称改良饮用水，是指没有受到物理、化学、生物或放射性污染的水。水样采集自尼日利亚河流州 Omuchi Alu、Choba、Chokocho、Oyigbo 和 Aleto 社区的 5 条河流，这些河流被社区居民用于洗衣、洗澡、捕鱼和挖泥等活动。研究人员从各个采样站收集水样，然后将水样运送到伊巴丹非洲生物科学实验室进行分析，利用分子技术确定原生动物寄生虫的特征和身份。本研究旨在利用分子方法确定尼日利亚里弗州选定河流中原生动物寄生虫的基因型，以检查水的可移植性和纯净度。研究使用了贾第虫、恩塔米巴虫、隐孢子虫、环孢子虫和弓形虫这五种原生动物的 DNA 引物来分析和检测这些原生动物的基因。研究结果表明，在大口阿卢河、乔巴河、乔科乔河、奥伊格博河和阿莱托河采集的水样中，存在十二指肠贾第虫和副隐孢子虫，而不存在组织溶解恩塔米巴虫、卡耶坦环孢子虫和弓形虫。结论是，从被寄生虫污染的河流中采集的水样不适合饮用，因此应提高当地社区居民的认识，使他们养成良好的饮水卫生和个人卫生（WASH）习惯，以获得健康的生活和可持续的环境。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2210
Isah Garba, J. M. Kaura, T. A. Sulaiman, Ibrahim Aliyu, Musa Abdullahi
Throughout the world, concrete is widely utilized in buildings, and due to a rise in construction activity, there is a growing requirement for fine aggregate. This study aims to examine how laterite, which replaces some fine aggregate in reinforced concrete, affects the material’s strength and durability. The physical properties of materials were investigated. The compressive strength and flexural strength of laterized concrete were determined for each replacement level of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% at a mix ratio of 1:2:4 and a water-cement ratio of 0.65, while for the water absorption, the percentages replacement of laterite to fine aggregates was 0, 10, and 20 % with the same mix ratio and water cement ratio. A 100 X 100 X 100 mm cube and 100 X 100 X 350 mm beams were tested for compressive and flexural strength at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of curing respectively. Water absorption was determined at 28, 56 and 90 days of curing age. The findings show that as the percentage of laterite substitution increases, the laterized concrete’s workability declines. However, the strength properties of the concrete partially replaced with laterite increase with curing age and decrease as the laterite content increases. Moreover, the water absorption of laterized concrete is increased by the inclusion of laterite. It was concluded that the use of laterite in the production of concrete should not be more than 10 %.
在世界各地，混凝土被广泛应用于建筑物中，由于建筑活动的增加，对细骨料的需求也越来越大。本研究旨在探讨在钢筋混凝土中替代部分细骨料的红土如何影响材料的强度和耐久性。研究调查了材料的物理特性。在混合比为 1:2:4 和水灰比为 0.65 的条件下，分别测定了 0、10、20、30 和 40% 的红土混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度。对 100 X 100 X 100 毫米的立方体和 100 X 100 X 350 毫米的横梁分别进行了 7、14、21 和 28 天的抗压和抗折强度测试。在 28、56 和 90 天的固化龄期测定了吸水率。结果表明，随着红土替代比例的增加，红土混凝土的工作性下降。然而，部分用红土替代的混凝土的强度特性会随着养护龄期的增加而增加，并随着红土含量的增加而降低。此外，红土的加入还增加了红土混凝土的吸水性。结论是在混凝土生产中使用红土的比例不应超过 10%。
{"title":"EFFECTS OF LATERITE ON STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE","authors":"Isah Garba, J. M. Kaura, T. A. Sulaiman, Ibrahim Aliyu, Musa Abdullahi","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2210","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the world, concrete is widely utilized in buildings, and due to a rise in construction activity, there is a growing requirement for fine aggregate. This study aims to examine how laterite, which replaces some fine aggregate in reinforced concrete, affects the material’s strength and durability. The physical properties of materials were investigated. The compressive strength and flexural strength of laterized concrete were determined for each replacement level of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% at a mix ratio of 1:2:4 and a water-cement ratio of 0.65, while for the water absorption, the percentages replacement of laterite to fine aggregates was 0, 10, and 20 % with the same mix ratio and water cement ratio. A 100 X 100 X 100 mm cube and 100 X 100 X 350 mm beams were tested for compressive and flexural strength at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of curing respectively. Water absorption was determined at 28, 56 and 90 days of curing age. The findings show that as the percentage of laterite substitution increases, the laterized concrete’s workability declines. However, the strength properties of the concrete partially replaced with laterite increase with curing age and decrease as the laterite content increases. Moreover, the water absorption of laterized concrete is increased by the inclusion of laterite. It was concluded that the use of laterite in the production of concrete should not be more than 10 %.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"63 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2261
I. T. Okonigene, A. Imianvan
Emotional intelligence is the relationships that directly impact how people relate to themselves and to others within a socio-cultural environment. A person who possesses emotional intelligence is able to communicate effectively while controlling and understanding other individual’s emotional inclinations. Individuals desire to express their state of mind, worries, traumas, and obstacles in life as well as get answers and help for their problems. However, they desire security and protection for the feelings, anxieties, trauma, and life obstacles they express. Therefore, individuals require a support structure where they can discuss their problems and seek potential answers while knowing that their identities would be kept private. A “Decision Support System” (DSS) for emotional intelligence is a electronic program that supports decisions, judgments, courses of action, and the proficiency of deploying artificial intelligence (AI) to regulate both your own and those around you emotionally. In this study we use AI to help in decision making to create confidential space between user and app. The technology uses are JavaScript, HTML, openAI, Replicate, PINECONE, CSS, PHP and MySQL. This research shows how technology has the ability to improve emotional intelligence using decision support system in individual’s daily lives.
{"title":"A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE","authors":"I. T. Okonigene, A. Imianvan","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2261","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional intelligence is the relationships that directly impact how people relate to themselves and to others within a socio-cultural environment. A person who possesses emotional intelligence is able to communicate effectively while controlling and understanding other individual’s emotional inclinations. Individuals desire to express their state of mind, worries, traumas, and obstacles in life as well as get answers and help for their problems. However, they desire security and protection for the feelings, anxieties, trauma, and life obstacles they express. Therefore, individuals require a support structure where they can discuss their problems and seek potential answers while knowing that their identities would be kept private. A “Decision Support System” (DSS) for emotional intelligence is a electronic program that supports decisions, judgments, courses of action, and the proficiency of deploying artificial intelligence (AI) to regulate both your own and those around you emotionally. In this study we use AI to help in decision making to create confidential space between user and app. The technology uses are JavaScript, HTML, openAI, Replicate, PINECONE, CSS, PHP and MySQL. This research shows how technology has the ability to improve emotional intelligence using decision support system in individual’s daily lives.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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