Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2207
G. Odewale, M. Jibola-Shittu, Hannatu Eleojo Mary Bala, Rose Akogwu, Latifat Oyinlola Raimi
Antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria especially from commonly shared surfaces in the environment, pose a serious threat to global public health. The increasing demand for electronic banking and the associated risk of the spread of pathogenic bacteria makes it crucial to assess the antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in bacteria isolated from automated teller machines (ATMs). Following standard procedures, a total of 22 samples were collected randomly from different ATMs using sterile cotton swabs soaked in physiologic saline and cultured on selective media. Isolates were characterized biochemically. Antibiotics susceptibility test was carried out on isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. All Gram-negative isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate the common extended-spectrum beta-lactamase –encoding (ESBL) genes. Bacterial isolates were characterized as Klebsiella pneumoniae (33.33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.61%), Escherichia coli (15.69%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.80%), Acinetobacter spp. (7.84%), Enterobacter spp. and Bacillus subtilis (5.88%), and Enterococcus faecalis (1.96%). The highest antibiotic resistance pattern was displayed against ceftazidime (45.1%), followed by tetracycline (43.1%), cefixime (41.2%), ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol (29.4%) and meropenem (9.8%). The TEM gene (54.8%) was recovered most, followed by CTX-M (28.6%) and SHV (19.0%). This study reveals that ATMs could harbour pathogenic bacteria with antibiotic resistance (AR) genes especially ESBL genes (blaTEM) which could be responsible for the widespread resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, adequate personal hygiene by users, proper cleaning regimen to sanitize these facilities regularly and public enlightenment are recommended to reduce the accompanying risks of spreading AR genes within the environment
耐抗生素（AR）细菌，尤其是来自环境中常见共用表面的耐抗生素（AR）细菌，对全球公共卫生构成了严重威胁。随着电子银行需求的不断增长以及与之相关的病原菌传播风险，评估从自动取款机（ATM）中分离出的细菌对抗生素的敏感性和是否存在广谱β-内酰胺酶基因至关重要。按照标准程序，使用浸泡在生理盐水中的无菌棉签从不同的自动取款机中随机采集了 22 个样本，并在选择性培养基上进行培养。对分离菌进行了生化鉴定。采用柯比-鲍尔（Kirby-Bauer）盘扩散法对分离物进行了抗生素药敏试验。对所有革兰氏阴性分离物进行聚合酶链反应（PCR），以评估常见的广谱β-内酰胺酶编码（ESBL）基因。细菌分离物的特征为肺炎克雷伯菌（33.33%）、铜绿假单胞菌（19.61%）、大肠埃希菌（15.69%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（9.80%）、不动杆菌属（7.84%）、肠杆菌属和枯草杆菌（5.88%）以及粪肠球菌（1.96%）。对头孢他啶的耐药性最高（45.1%），其次是四环素（43.1%）、头孢克肟（41.2%）、环丙沙星和氯霉素（29.4%）以及美罗培南（9.8%）。回收最多的是 TEM 基因（54.8%），其次是 CTX-M（28.6%）和 SHV（19.0%）。这项研究表明，自动取款机可能滋生带有抗生素耐药性（AR）基因，特别是 ESBL 基因（blaTEM）的病原菌，这可能是导致抗生素耐药性广泛存在的原因。因此，建议使用者保持良好的个人卫生，定期对这些设施进行适当的清洁消毒，并对公众进行宣传教育，以降低环境中AR基因传播的风险。
{"title":"ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND DETECTION OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM B-LACTAMASE GENES IN GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES","authors":"G. Odewale, M. Jibola-Shittu, Hannatu Eleojo Mary Bala, Rose Akogwu, Latifat Oyinlola Raimi","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2207","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria especially from commonly shared surfaces in the environment, pose a serious threat to global public health. The increasing demand for electronic banking and the associated risk of the spread of pathogenic bacteria makes it crucial to assess the antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in bacteria isolated from automated teller machines (ATMs). Following standard procedures, a total of 22 samples were collected randomly from different ATMs using sterile cotton swabs soaked in physiologic saline and cultured on selective media. Isolates were characterized biochemically. Antibiotics susceptibility test was carried out on isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. All Gram-negative isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate the common extended-spectrum beta-lactamase –encoding (ESBL) genes. Bacterial isolates were characterized as Klebsiella pneumoniae (33.33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.61%), Escherichia coli (15.69%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.80%), Acinetobacter spp. (7.84%), Enterobacter spp. and Bacillus subtilis (5.88%), and Enterococcus faecalis (1.96%). The highest antibiotic resistance pattern was displayed against ceftazidime (45.1%), followed by tetracycline (43.1%), cefixime (41.2%), ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol (29.4%) and meropenem (9.8%). The TEM gene (54.8%) was recovered most, followed by CTX-M (28.6%) and SHV (19.0%). This study reveals that ATMs could harbour pathogenic bacteria with antibiotic resistance (AR) genes especially ESBL genes (blaTEM) which could be responsible for the widespread resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, adequate personal hygiene by users, proper cleaning regimen to sanitize these facilities regularly and public enlightenment are recommended to reduce the accompanying risks of spreading AR genes within the environment","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"59 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2257
Mohammed Ibrahim, Rilwan Isah Tsamiya, Promise Oladipo, Bala Gaius
Instant noodle is produced from flour, and sold in dried form in packets. The noodles are easy and quick in preparation to eat, it can also eat as snacks or as main food. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of noodle with and without seasoning on the histology as well as biochemical parameters of liver and kidney on rats’ model. Three groups of 5 Wistar rats were used, they were fed with noodle with and without seasoning for the period of 28 days. After 28 days the blood of rats was collected for biochemical analysis, the rats were also sacrificed, liver and kidney were removed for histological analysis. Histological results show only a little change in the architecture of the liver and kidney, but only small amount of fat droplet in liver section. The Liver and Kidney tests didn’t show any changes in their parameters, only little increase in urea level of the kidney. Conclusively from this research, it was revealed no much effect of consuming instant noodle in rat model.
{"title":"STUDY OF THE HISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECT OF INSTANT NOODLES ON THE KIDNEY AND LIVER ON RATS MODEL","authors":"Mohammed Ibrahim, Rilwan Isah Tsamiya, Promise Oladipo, Bala Gaius","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2257","url":null,"abstract":"Instant noodle is produced from flour, and sold in dried form in packets. The noodles are easy and quick in preparation to eat, it can also eat as snacks or as main food. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of noodle with and without seasoning on the histology as well as biochemical parameters of liver and kidney on rats’ model. Three groups of 5 Wistar rats were used, they were fed with noodle with and without seasoning for the period of 28 days. After 28 days the blood of rats was collected for biochemical analysis, the rats were also sacrificed, liver and kidney were removed for histological analysis. Histological results show only a little change in the architecture of the liver and kidney, but only small amount of fat droplet in liver section. The Liver and Kidney tests didn’t show any changes in their parameters, only little increase in urea level of the kidney. Conclusively from this research, it was revealed no much effect of consuming instant noodle in rat model.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2212
D. Kuhe, Enobong Francis Udoumoh, Damian Oche
This study investigates the symmetric and asymmetric characteristics as well as the persistence of shocks in the Nigerian crude oil returns, utilizing monthly and daily crude oil prices spanning from January 2006 to September 2022 and November 3, 2009, to November 4, 2022, respectively. Descriptive statistics, normality measures, time plots, and the Dickey-Fuller Generalized Least Squares unit root test were employed to analyze the series properties. Symmetric ARMA (1,1)-GARCH (2,1) and asymmetric ARMA (1,1)-TARCH (2,1) models for monthly and daily returns, with varying innovation densities, were utilized, alongside symmetric GARCH (1,1) and asymmetric TARCH (1,1) models. Model selection criteria including AIC, SIC, HQC, and log likelihood guided the order and error distribution selection. Results revealed non-normal distributions for both monthly and daily prices and returns, non-stationarity in prices, and weak stationarity in log returns with ARCH effects detected in both returns. Symmetric models exhibited volatility clustering, high shocks persistence, mean-reverting behaviour, and predictability in both returns. Asymmetric models identified asymmetry with leverage effects in both returns, indicating that negative shocks induce greater volatility than positive shocks of the same magnitude. Mean reversion and volatility half-life findings suggested that crude oil prices tend to revert to their long-run averages. The study recommended promoting market information flow and aggressive trading to enhance market depth and mitigate the volatile nature of the Nigerian crude oil market.
{"title":"VOLATILITY ANALYSIS OF CRUDE OIL PRICES IN NIGERIA","authors":"D. Kuhe, Enobong Francis Udoumoh, Damian Oche","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2212","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the symmetric and asymmetric characteristics as well as the persistence of shocks in the Nigerian crude oil returns, utilizing monthly and daily crude oil prices spanning from January 2006 to September 2022 and November 3, 2009, to November 4, 2022, respectively. Descriptive statistics, normality measures, time plots, and the Dickey-Fuller Generalized Least Squares unit root test were employed to analyze the series properties. Symmetric ARMA (1,1)-GARCH (2,1) and asymmetric ARMA (1,1)-TARCH (2,1) models for monthly and daily returns, with varying innovation densities, were utilized, alongside symmetric GARCH (1,1) and asymmetric TARCH (1,1) models. Model selection criteria including AIC, SIC, HQC, and log likelihood guided the order and error distribution selection. Results revealed non-normal distributions for both monthly and daily prices and returns, non-stationarity in prices, and weak stationarity in log returns with ARCH effects detected in both returns. Symmetric models exhibited volatility clustering, high shocks persistence, mean-reverting behaviour, and predictability in both returns. Asymmetric models identified asymmetry with leverage effects in both returns, indicating that negative shocks induce greater volatility than positive shocks of the same magnitude. Mean reversion and volatility half-life findings suggested that crude oil prices tend to revert to their long-run averages. The study recommended promoting market information flow and aggressive trading to enhance market depth and mitigate the volatile nature of the Nigerian crude oil market.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"71 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2258
Lateef Yusuf, Ahmad Abdulkadir, Bello Abdulrasheed, Ahmed Abdulazeez Abdullahi
One of the major importance of modeling in time series is to forecast the future values of that series. And this requires the use of appropriate method to fit the time series data which are dependent on the nature of the data. We are aware that most financial and economic data are mostly non-stationary. . The study is an extension of the work of Romsen et al (2020) which dealt with forecasting of nonlinear data that are stationary with only two threshold regimes. The study recommendations that In further research, the above models can be extended to other regimes (such as the 3 – regimes Threshold models) as well as comparing them with other regimes to understand the behaviors of the other regimes in selecting a suitable model for a data. STAR (2,1) and SETAR (2,2) are recommended to fit and forecast nonlinear data of trigonometric, exponential and polynomial forms respectively that are non-stationary.
时间序列建模的重要意义之一是预测该序列的未来值。这就需要使用适当的方法来拟合时间序列数据，而这取决于数据的性质。我们知道，大多数金融和经济数据大多是非平稳的。.本研究是 Romsen 等人（2020 年）工作的延伸，该研究涉及对只有两个阈值制度的非线性静态数据的预测。研究建议，在进一步的研究中，可以将上述模型扩展到其他制度（如三制度阈值模型），并与其他制度进行比较，以了解其他制度在为数据选择合适模型时的行为。建议使用 STAR (2,1) 和 SETAR (2,2) 分别拟合和预测非平稳的三角、指数和多项式形式的非线性数据。
{"title":"A MONTE CARLO STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EMPIRICAL THRESHOLD AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS UNDER VIOLATION OF STATIONARITY ASSUMPTIONS","authors":"Lateef Yusuf, Ahmad Abdulkadir, Bello Abdulrasheed, Ahmed Abdulazeez Abdullahi","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2258","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major importance of modeling in time series is to forecast the future values of that series. And this requires the use of appropriate method to fit the time series data which are dependent on the nature of the data. We are aware that most financial and economic data are mostly non-stationary. . The study is an extension of the work of Romsen et al (2020) which dealt with forecasting of nonlinear data that are stationary with only two threshold regimes. The study recommendations that In further research, the above models can be extended to other regimes (such as the 3 – regimes Threshold models) as well as comparing them with other regimes to understand the behaviors of the other regimes in selecting a suitable model for a data. STAR (2,1) and SETAR (2,2) are recommended to fit and forecast nonlinear data of trigonometric, exponential and polynomial forms respectively that are non-stationary.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2208
U. V. Agbogo, Belief S. Rifore, Chinaecherem Tochukwu Arum, Precious D. Iorver, Joshua Mathew, Salome A. Tanko
Wastewater has continued to pose environmental pollution as various industrial and domestic processes effluents are released daily. As man’s activities increase daily, the possibility of facing water scarcity is imminent, coupled with the climate impacts of wastewater on aquatic lives, soil microorganisms, and agricultural produce. Therefore, several innovative developments have considered using carbon-based nanomaterials like carbon quantum dots (CQDs) to treat and recycle wastewater before they are discharged. These CQDs, just like activated carbon, possess adsorptive abilities that can remove heavy metals, solid pollutants, and foul odors from wastewater. However, they are more unique and effective than the traditional adsorbents because they display quantum effects, fluorescence, high stability, tough compatibility, water solubility, little toxicity, easy to produce, and affordable. This review discusses the nature of CQDs, their chemistries, adsorption abilities, limitations, and recommendations for future application and innovation for economical uses.
{"title":"CARBON QUANTUM DOTS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT: PRESENT PROGRESS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS","authors":"U. V. Agbogo, Belief S. Rifore, Chinaecherem Tochukwu Arum, Precious D. Iorver, Joshua Mathew, Salome A. Tanko","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2208","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater has continued to pose environmental pollution as various industrial and domestic processes effluents are released daily. As man’s activities increase daily, the possibility of facing water scarcity is imminent, coupled with the climate impacts of wastewater on aquatic lives, soil microorganisms, and agricultural produce. Therefore, several innovative developments have considered using carbon-based nanomaterials like carbon quantum dots (CQDs) to treat and recycle wastewater before they are discharged. These CQDs, just like activated carbon, possess adsorptive abilities that can remove heavy metals, solid pollutants, and foul odors from wastewater. However, they are more unique and effective than the traditional adsorbents because they display quantum effects, fluorescence, high stability, tough compatibility, water solubility, little toxicity, easy to produce, and affordable. This review discusses the nature of CQDs, their chemistries, adsorption abilities, limitations, and recommendations for future application and innovation for economical uses.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"52 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2254
Hassan Aliyu, A. K. Mohammed, S. A. KofarBai, K. R. Muhammad
Kaolin is an aluminio-silicate mineral naturally distributed within the earth’s crust formed from the weathering of rich feldspartic rocks. The compositional requirements of Getso kaolin deposits for pozzolana production have been carried out. The kaolin deposits were hosted by the rhyolitic rocks of the basement complex of North-Western Nigeria. Three samples from each five locations at different depths were collected and analysed using Free Swelling Ratio (FSR), Free Swelling Index (FSI), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Electron Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The FSI and FSR ranged between 0-6-0.9 and 16-36 revealing non-swelling and non-expansive Kaolinitic material. The XRF results showed the average concentration of SiO2+ Al2O3+Fe2O3: point 1 (78.99 wt.%); point 2 (78.62 wt.%); point 3 (79.14 wt.%); point 4 (80.10 wt.%) and point 5 (80.0 wt.%) suggested to be classified as N pozzolana (ASTMC 618). The Fe2O3/MgO versus SiO3 indicated the samples were products of the calc-alkaline series which is an indication of light colour kaolin deposits. The computed Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA: 91.34), Chemical Index of Weatheribility (CIW: 98.13), Index of compositional variability (CIV: 0.29), Silica Modulus Ratio (SM: 1.77), Lime Silica Ratio (LSR: 0.14) and Aluminum Iron Ratio (AIR: 30.0) indicated very strong weathering intensity high matured, high silica moderate aluminum and less ferrite. The studied kaolin could be utilized for the production of pozzolana after its being beneficiated to remove the TiO2.
{"title":"COMPOSITIONAL AND WEATHERABILITY INDICES OF GETSO KAOLIN DEPOSITS FOR POZZOLANA PRODUCTION","authors":"Hassan Aliyu, A. K. Mohammed, S. A. KofarBai, K. R. Muhammad","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2254","url":null,"abstract":"Kaolin is an aluminio-silicate mineral naturally distributed within the earth’s crust formed from the weathering of rich feldspartic rocks. The compositional requirements of Getso kaolin deposits for pozzolana production have been carried out. The kaolin deposits were hosted by the rhyolitic rocks of the basement complex of North-Western Nigeria. Three samples from each five locations at different depths were collected and analysed using Free Swelling Ratio (FSR), Free Swelling Index (FSI), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Electron Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The FSI and FSR ranged between 0-6-0.9 and 16-36 revealing non-swelling and non-expansive Kaolinitic material. The XRF results showed the average concentration of SiO2+ Al2O3+Fe2O3: point 1 (78.99 wt.%); point 2 (78.62 wt.%); point 3 (79.14 wt.%); point 4 (80.10 wt.%) and point 5 (80.0 wt.%) suggested to be classified as N pozzolana (ASTMC 618). The Fe2O3/MgO versus SiO3 indicated the samples were products of the calc-alkaline series which is an indication of light colour kaolin deposits. The computed Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA: 91.34), Chemical Index of Weatheribility (CIW: 98.13), Index of compositional variability (CIV: 0.29), Silica Modulus Ratio (SM: 1.77), Lime Silica Ratio (LSR: 0.14) and Aluminum Iron Ratio (AIR: 30.0) indicated very strong weathering intensity high matured, high silica moderate aluminum and less ferrite. The studied kaolin could be utilized for the production of pozzolana after its being beneficiated to remove the TiO2.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2211
D. Kuhe, Enobong Francis Udoumoh, Ukamaka Lawrensia Ibeajaa
This study aimed to model COVID-19 daily cases in Nigeria, focusing on confirmed, active, critical, recovered, and death cases using count data regression models. Three count data regression models-Poisson regression, Negative Binomial regression, and Generalized Poisson regression were applied to predict COVID-19 related deaths based on the mentioned variables. Secondary data from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) between February 29, 2020, and October 19, 2020, were used. The study found that Poisson Regression could not handle over-dispersion inherent in the data. Consequently, Negative Binomial Regression and Generalized Poisson Regression were considered, with Generalized Poisson Regression identified as the best model through performance criteria such as -2 log likelihood (-2logL), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The study revealed positive and significant impacts of confirmed, active, and critical cases on COVID-19 related deaths, while recovered cases had a negative effect. Recommendations included increased attention to confirmed, active, and critical cases by relevant authorities to mitigate COVID-19-related deaths in Nigeria.
{"title":"MODELING NOVEL COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN NIGERIA USING COUNT DATA REGRESSION MODELS","authors":"D. Kuhe, Enobong Francis Udoumoh, Ukamaka Lawrensia Ibeajaa","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2211","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to model COVID-19 daily cases in Nigeria, focusing on confirmed, active, critical, recovered, and death cases using count data regression models. Three count data regression models-Poisson regression, Negative Binomial regression, and Generalized Poisson regression were applied to predict COVID-19 related deaths based on the mentioned variables. Secondary data from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) between February 29, 2020, and October 19, 2020, were used. The study found that Poisson Regression could not handle over-dispersion inherent in the data. Consequently, Negative Binomial Regression and Generalized Poisson Regression were considered, with Generalized Poisson Regression identified as the best model through performance criteria such as -2 log likelihood (-2logL), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The study revealed positive and significant impacts of confirmed, active, and critical cases on COVID-19 related deaths, while recovered cases had a negative effect. Recommendations included increased attention to confirmed, active, and critical cases by relevant authorities to mitigate COVID-19-related deaths in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2135
H. A. Adigun, Mohammed Khalid Othman, H. Igbadun
Several attempts have been made by researchers for an efficient and cost-effective means of applying irrigation water, since traditional Surface irrigation system is becoming unsustainable due to water shortage. Adoption of most of these systems have failed because sophistication in design and complexity in setup. The use of recycled plastic bottles (PB) is another attempt at achieving a less complex system, yet promoting reuse of spent PB. Experimental Plot was set up in Samaru-Zaria, for a Subsurface irrigation system using recycled PB perforated at the base and connected to network of pipes. Evaluation of the system was carried out to determine the orifice size, orifice depth and the type of fertilizer application with the best agronomic yield parameters in RCBD design with sixteen (16) treatments replicated three (3) times. The results show the treatment with 3mm orifice size buried to 10mm depth with inorganic fertilizer performs best. The use of PB is therefore recommended for use in subsurface system to promote low-cost, less complex yet very effective water saving irrigation system.
{"title":"PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A PLASTIC BOTTLE-BASED SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION SYSTEM","authors":"H. A. Adigun, Mohammed Khalid Othman, H. Igbadun","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2135","url":null,"abstract":"Several attempts have been made by researchers for an efficient and cost-effective means of applying irrigation water, since traditional Surface irrigation system is becoming unsustainable due to water shortage. Adoption of most of these systems have failed because sophistication in design and complexity in setup. The use of recycled plastic bottles (PB) is another attempt at achieving a less complex system, yet promoting reuse of spent PB. Experimental Plot was set up in Samaru-Zaria, for a Subsurface irrigation system using recycled PB perforated at the base and connected to network of pipes. Evaluation of the system was carried out to determine the orifice size, orifice depth and the type of fertilizer application with the best agronomic yield parameters in RCBD design with sixteen (16) treatments replicated three (3) times. The results show the treatment with 3mm orifice size buried to 10mm depth with inorganic fertilizer performs best. The use of PB is therefore recommended for use in subsurface system to promote low-cost, less complex yet very effective water saving irrigation system.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2217
S. Mshelia, A. Mbaya
Groundwater is an important source of drinking water in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. This study aims to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking using the water quality index (WQI). 960 water samples were collected from 160 sites in the Kano Metropolis and analyzed 9 physicochemical parameters, 9 heavy metals and two groups of microbial parameters using American Public Health Association standard procedures in a laboratory. The values obtained for the various parameters were then compared to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) and Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). The overall WQI for each LGA was calculated using Weighted Arithmetic Index guidelines. The results showed that overall WQI is generally unsuitable for drinking with ranged values of borehole water from 47.07 - 149.51 in Dala and Nasarawa respectively while the well water ranged from 94.17 - 251.44 at Tarauni and Kumbotso and spatially represented in map of Kano metropolis. Marginally suitable for drinking were recorded at Dala and some individual wells in well-planned and clean areas (Bompai Quarters, GRAs). The T-Test statistical analysis between borehole and well in Dala, KMC and Nasarawa LGAs showed significant variations at P = < .05 while Fagge, Gwale, Kumbotso, Tarauni and Ungogo LGAs showed no significant differences. The study recommends the need for improved water management strategies, such as desalination and water treatment, to increase access to safe drinking water.
{"title":"SUITABILITY OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY FOR DRINKING USING WATER QUALITY INDEX IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA","authors":"S. Mshelia, A. Mbaya","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2217","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is an important source of drinking water in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. This study aims to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking using the water quality index (WQI). 960 water samples were collected from 160 sites in the Kano Metropolis and analyzed 9 physicochemical parameters, 9 heavy metals and two groups of microbial parameters using American Public Health Association standard procedures in a laboratory. The values obtained for the various parameters were then compared to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) and Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). The overall WQI for each LGA was calculated using Weighted Arithmetic Index guidelines. The results showed that overall WQI is generally unsuitable for drinking with ranged values of borehole water from 47.07 - 149.51 in Dala and Nasarawa respectively while the well water ranged from 94.17 - 251.44 at Tarauni and Kumbotso and spatially represented in map of Kano metropolis. Marginally suitable for drinking were recorded at Dala and some individual wells in well-planned and clean areas (Bompai Quarters, GRAs). The T-Test statistical analysis between borehole and well in Dala, KMC and Nasarawa LGAs showed significant variations at P = < .05 while Fagge, Gwale, Kumbotso, Tarauni and Ungogo LGAs showed no significant differences. The study recommends the need for improved water management strategies, such as desalination and water treatment, to increase access to safe drinking water.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"444 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2251
R. Ayuba, Y. Baba, L. Adamu, G. D. Ochu, A. Ebe, A. U. Emmanuel
The mineralogical composition, geochemistry, and depositional environment of the ironstone exposed on Mount Patti in the southern Bida Basin of Nigeria were assessed using integrated geochemical, mineralogical, and petrographic techniques. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and transmitted light microscopy were used in geochemical, and petrographical investigations of fourteen representative ironstone samples. Average chemical analysis results showed that the concentrations of SiO2 (5.93 wt%), TiO2 (0.09 wt%), Al2O3 (10.76 wt%), and Fe2O3 (77.47 wt%) were as follows. The ironstone may be found in a shallow marine environment or non-marine environment if the concentrations of CaO, Na2O, K2O, MnO, and CuO are less than 0.40. This assertion is supported by the absence of sulfur oxide (SO3) in the examined samples and the bivariate plot of SiO2 versus Al2O3 and triangular plot of Fe-Mn-(Cu+Zn). Low levels of CaO and the absence of CO3 indicate that the environment is oxidizing. The iron's grade was calculated and found to be approximately 54.180%, which has been classified as low grade. The study also revealed that the ironstone contains a high amount of gangue materials (Al2O3 and P2O5), its silica (SiO2) content is within permissible limits, and it is devoid of harmful materials like sulfur. Based on petrographic studies, the floating contact displayed by the framework grains indicates that the iron cements were eodiagenetic in origin. Although it can be used more effectively as cast iron, sufficient beneficiation (to remove excess silica) can make it useful for iron and steel production.
{"title":"GEOCHEMICAL, MINERALOGICAL, AND PETROGRAPHICAL STUDIES OF IRONSTONES AROUND MOUNT PATTI, SOUTHERN BIDA BASIN, NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR QUALITY ASSESSMENT, PROVENANCE AND ENVIRONMENT OF DEPOSITION","authors":"R. Ayuba, Y. Baba, L. Adamu, G. D. Ochu, A. Ebe, A. U. Emmanuel","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2251","url":null,"abstract":"The mineralogical composition, geochemistry, and depositional environment of the ironstone exposed on Mount Patti in the southern Bida Basin of Nigeria were assessed using integrated geochemical, mineralogical, and petrographic techniques. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and transmitted light microscopy were used in geochemical, and petrographical investigations of fourteen representative ironstone samples. Average chemical analysis results showed that the concentrations of SiO2 (5.93 wt%), TiO2 (0.09 wt%), Al2O3 (10.76 wt%), and Fe2O3 (77.47 wt%) were as follows. The ironstone may be found in a shallow marine environment or non-marine environment if the concentrations of CaO, Na2O, K2O, MnO, and CuO are less than 0.40. This assertion is supported by the absence of sulfur oxide (SO3) in the examined samples and the bivariate plot of SiO2 versus Al2O3 and triangular plot of Fe-Mn-(Cu+Zn). Low levels of CaO and the absence of CO3 indicate that the environment is oxidizing. The iron's grade was calculated and found to be approximately 54.180%, which has been classified as low grade. The study also revealed that the ironstone contains a high amount of gangue materials (Al2O3 and P2O5), its silica (SiO2) content is within permissible limits, and it is devoid of harmful materials like sulfur. Based on petrographic studies, the floating contact displayed by the framework grains indicates that the iron cements were eodiagenetic in origin. Although it can be used more effectively as cast iron, sufficient beneficiation (to remove excess silica) can make it useful for iron and steel production.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"78 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140278968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：