Pub Date : 2024-03-10DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2137
H. H. Laminu, F. Buba, N. Dibal, Rakiya Abana, Zamdai Yusuf Mamza, S. Manye, Abdulfatah Alhaji Hassan, B. Ishaku
Since antiquity onions (Allium cepa, L) have been cultivated across the globe as an important source of food and medicine. The study evaluated the nutritional content, phytochemistry and invitro antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of red and white onion bulbs. Red and white onion bulbs were purchased from a Local market in Maiduguri. Ethanol extracts were prepared using homogenized bulb. The proximate analysis, flavonoids, tannin, and phenol contents of the extracts as well as the antioxidant activities (total antioxidant activity, reducing power, and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities) were evaluated using standard procedures. The ash and carbohydrate contents of the two extracts were similar. However, the fat and protein contents were higher in white onion (2.44% & 1.05%) compared to the red onion (1.00% & 0.13%) while the moisture content was higher in red onion (16.10%) compared to the white onion (13.60%). The flavonoids, tannin, and phenol content as well as the total antioxidant activity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the red onion relative to the white. White onion had a better reducing power activity compared to the red while the red had higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity compared to the white. Conclusively, our findings revealed that both red and white onion contains varying quantity of phenolic compounds with strong reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. However, red onion was shown to have higher antioxidant activity relative to the white.
{"title":"NUTRITIONAL CONTENT, PHYTOCHEMICALS AND IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF RED AND WHITE ONION","authors":"H. H. Laminu, F. Buba, N. Dibal, Rakiya Abana, Zamdai Yusuf Mamza, S. Manye, Abdulfatah Alhaji Hassan, B. Ishaku","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2137","url":null,"abstract":"Since antiquity onions (Allium cepa, L) have been cultivated across the globe as an important source of food and medicine. The study evaluated the nutritional content, phytochemistry and invitro antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of red and white onion bulbs. Red and white onion bulbs were purchased from a Local market in Maiduguri. Ethanol extracts were prepared using homogenized bulb. The proximate analysis, flavonoids, tannin, and phenol contents of the extracts as well as the antioxidant activities (total antioxidant activity, reducing power, and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities) were evaluated using standard procedures. The ash and carbohydrate contents of the two extracts were similar. However, the fat and protein contents were higher in white onion (2.44% & 1.05%) compared to the red onion (1.00% & 0.13%) while the moisture content was higher in red onion (16.10%) compared to the white onion (13.60%). The flavonoids, tannin, and phenol content as well as the total antioxidant activity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the red onion relative to the white. White onion had a better reducing power activity compared to the red while the red had higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity compared to the white. Conclusively, our findings revealed that both red and white onion contains varying quantity of phenolic compounds with strong reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. However, red onion was shown to have higher antioxidant activity relative to the white.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"66 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-10DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2252
O. N. Akomah-Abadaike, P. O. Anosike
Biological control of food spoilage microorganisms is gaining more attention because it is a safe and cheap technique. This study evaluated the antagonistic potential of Trichoderma species against corn spoilage fungi by plate co-culture technique for seven days. Fungal isolates from corn spoilage were examined morphologically and microscopically. The percentage growth inhibition (PGI) of Trichoderma species against the corn spoilage fungi were A. flavus (15%), A. niger (14%), A. terreus (62.9%), Fusarium spp. (5.9%), Nigrospora spp. (61.4%) and Penicillium spp. (62.5%). The result obtained in this study revealed that Trichoderma spp. had significant inhibitory effects against the growth of fungal pathogens associated with corn spoilage. Therefore, it could be explored for control of post-harvest fungal spoilage of corn. It is recommended that in order to compare the antagonistic strength of the Trichoderma species, different species of Trichoderma should be tested against the same spoilage fungi.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOSIS OF Trichoderma species AGAINST FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH CORN (Zea Mays L.) SPOILAGE","authors":"O. N. Akomah-Abadaike, P. O. Anosike","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2252","url":null,"abstract":"Biological control of food spoilage microorganisms is gaining more attention because it is a safe and cheap technique. This study evaluated the antagonistic potential of Trichoderma species against corn spoilage fungi by plate co-culture technique for seven days. Fungal isolates from corn spoilage were examined morphologically and microscopically. The percentage growth inhibition (PGI) of Trichoderma species against the corn spoilage fungi were A. flavus (15%), A. niger (14%), A. terreus (62.9%), Fusarium spp. (5.9%), Nigrospora spp. (61.4%) and Penicillium spp. (62.5%). The result obtained in this study revealed that Trichoderma spp. had significant inhibitory effects against the growth of fungal pathogens associated with corn spoilage. Therefore, it could be explored for control of post-harvest fungal spoilage of corn. It is recommended that in order to compare the antagonistic strength of the Trichoderma species, different species of Trichoderma should be tested against the same spoilage fungi.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-1012
B. Amartey, Ibrahim Aliyu, Bashir Usman
Curing is the process of controlling the rate and extent of moisture loss, relative humidity and temperature from newly poured concrete for a certain period of time after it has been cast or finished to ensure that the cement has been properly hydrated and the concrete has hardened. The concrete strength, durability and other physical properties are affected by curing and application of the various types as it relates to the prevailing weather conditions in a particular locality, as curing is one of many requirements for concrete production, as such it is important to study the effect of different curing method. The concrete cube specimens produced with cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate mix-ratio of 1:2.23:1.62 were prepared with a water-cement ratio of 0.5 and superplasticizer (SP) dosages of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%. The SP dosages were computed as percentages by weight of the cement content. The cubes were tested for compressive strength after curing for 7, 14, 21, 28, and 56 days using three curing methods namely; Immersion, open air, and wet burlap curing methods. This study assessed the effect of different curing methods on compressive strength of self-compacting concrete through the development of a mathematical method to model and analyze the effect of the curing methods used on the compressive strength of the SCC and also to validate the reliability of the method used. Data Fit software was used in the model development, the curing age and super-plasticizer dosage were used as independent variables while the compressive strength...
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH PREDICTIVE MODELS OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CURED USING DIFFERENT CURING METHODS","authors":"B. Amartey, Ibrahim Aliyu, Bashir Usman","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-1012","url":null,"abstract":"Curing is the process of controlling the rate and extent of moisture loss, relative humidity and temperature from newly poured concrete for a certain period of time after it has been cast or finished to ensure that the cement has been properly hydrated and the concrete has hardened. The concrete strength, durability and other physical properties are affected by curing and application of the various types as it relates to the prevailing weather conditions in a particular locality, as curing is one of many requirements for concrete production, as such it is important to study the effect of different curing method. The concrete cube specimens produced with cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate mix-ratio of 1:2.23:1.62 were prepared with a water-cement ratio of 0.5 and superplasticizer (SP) dosages of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%. The SP dosages were computed as percentages by weight of the cement content. The cubes were tested for compressive strength after curing for 7, 14, 21, 28, and 56 days using three curing methods namely; Immersion, open air, and wet burlap curing methods. This study assessed the effect of different curing methods on compressive strength of self-compacting concrete through the development of a mathematical method to model and analyze the effect of the curing methods used on the compressive strength of the SCC and also to validate the reliability of the method used. Data Fit software was used in the model development, the curing age and super-plasticizer dosage were used as independent variables while the compressive strength...","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2271
Richard Jewo Bebekah, M. Saleh, Aliyu Mohammed, Yusuf Tanko
Testicular torsion (TT) is a urological emergency that leads to testicular tissue loss due to ischaemic damage. Quick diagnosis and urgent treatment is essential in the management of testicular injury. Reperfusion following torsion leads to generation of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecule which are harmful to the testicular environment. The aim of the study was to investigate the modulatory effect of L-carnitine on inflammatory mediators during TT. Forty-five adult male Wistar rats were used for to conduct the experimental. The rats were weighed and randomly divided into three groups comprising of fifteen each group. Five animals from each group i.e. Sham, TT and TT treated with 500mg/kg of L-carnitine were sacrificed on day twenty-two (22), forty-two (42) and sixty-two (62) of the study respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from each of the animals through cardiac puncture and automated haematological analyzer was used to determine the white blood cells. 1.6ml of blood was used to determine Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum was harvested to assay TNF-α, Interleukin-1α and Interleukin-1β. The results obtained showed significant decrease (0.90±0.45 3mm/hr) in ESR in the IRI for 22 followed by significant increase (4.00±0.70 3mm/hr) in IRI+L for the same duration when compared with the Sham (2.80±1.11 3mm/hr) treated group. There was also significant decrease (9.50±0.30 ×10 3 µL) in WBCs in TT+L for 62 days when compared with sham for the same period (18:75±75 ×10 3 µL). There was no significant difference in the results obtained for both TNF-α and IL-1α across all the groups but there were significant differences in the TT and TT+L for 42 days, and TT for 62 days when compared with their respective sham treated groups. From our findings, we can conclude that L-carnitine was able to ameliorate the level of inflammation occasioned by TT by lowering the levels of ESR, WBCs and IL-1α which are markers of inflammation.
{"title":"THE MODULATORY ROLE OF L-CARNITINE ON INFLAMMATION IN EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED TESTICULAR TORSION IN WISTAR RATS","authors":"Richard Jewo Bebekah, M. Saleh, Aliyu Mohammed, Yusuf Tanko","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2271","url":null,"abstract":"Testicular torsion (TT) is a urological emergency that leads to testicular tissue loss due to ischaemic damage. Quick diagnosis and urgent treatment is essential in the management of testicular injury. Reperfusion following torsion leads to generation of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecule which are harmful to the testicular environment. The aim of the study was to investigate the modulatory effect of L-carnitine on inflammatory mediators during TT. Forty-five adult male Wistar rats were used for to conduct the experimental. The rats were weighed and randomly divided into three groups comprising of fifteen each group. Five animals from each group i.e. Sham, TT and TT treated with 500mg/kg of L-carnitine were sacrificed on day twenty-two (22), forty-two (42) and sixty-two (62) of the study respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from each of the animals through cardiac puncture and automated haematological analyzer was used to determine the white blood cells. 1.6ml of blood was used to determine Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum was harvested to assay TNF-α, Interleukin-1α and Interleukin-1β. The results obtained showed significant decrease (0.90±0.45 3mm/hr) in ESR in the IRI for 22 followed by significant increase (4.00±0.70 3mm/hr) in IRI+L for the same duration when compared with the Sham (2.80±1.11 3mm/hr) treated group. There was also significant decrease (9.50±0.30 ×10 3 µL) in WBCs in TT+L for 62 days when compared with sham for the same period (18:75±75 ×10 3 µL). There was no significant difference in the results obtained for both TNF-α and IL-1α across all the groups but there were significant differences in the TT and TT+L for 42 days, and TT for 62 days when compared with their respective sham treated groups. From our findings, we can conclude that L-carnitine was able to ameliorate the level of inflammation occasioned by TT by lowering the levels of ESR, WBCs and IL-1α which are markers of inflammation.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2242
O. J. Eriegha, J. Ekelemu, O. F. Nwachi
Fish species show astonishing phenotypic and genetic diversity in populations. The delimitation and recognition of fish species are not only of interest to taxonomists but also a requirement in studies of ecology. In this study, the genetic structure of Caranx senegallus collected from three water bodies adjoining the Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria was characterized using the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcode gene region. Fish samples collected from Qua Iboe estuary, Escravos estuary, and Lagos lagoon were identified morphologically, and muscle tissues were used for DNA barcoding using Fish1 and Fish2 primers. Evolutionary analysis showed the formation of diverging clades in the neighbor-joining tree and indicated the presence of multiple species. The result also revealed that morphological identification was not entirely successful, as the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) prediction confirmed the presence of three specimens initially identified as C. senegallus but genetically matching C. fischeri and Trachinotus goreensis. This observation further emphasized the need for an integrative method for species identification.
鱼类物种在种群中表现出惊人的表型和遗传多样性。鱼类物种的划分和识别不仅是分类学家感兴趣的问题，也是生态学研究的需要。本研究利用细胞色素 c 氧化酶 I（COI）条形码基因区域，对从毗邻尼日利亚几内亚湾的三个水体中采集的 Caranx senegallus 的遗传结构进行了表征。对从 Qua Iboe 河口、Escravos 河口和拉各斯泻湖采集的鱼类样本进行了形态鉴定，并使用 Fish1 和 Fish2 引物对肌肉组织进行了 DNA 条形码鉴定。进化分析表明，在邻接树中形成了分化支系，并表明存在多个物种。结果还显示，形态学鉴定并不完全成功，因为基本局部比对搜索工具（BLAST）预测证实，有三个标本最初被鉴定为 C. senegallus，但在基因上与 C. fischeri 和 Trachinotus goreensis 匹配。这一观察结果进一步强调了采用综合方法进行物种鉴定的必要性。
{"title":"DNA BARCODING OF Caranx senegallus FROM THREE WATER BODIES ADJOINING THE GULF OF GUINEA, NIGERIA","authors":"O. J. Eriegha, J. Ekelemu, O. F. Nwachi","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2242","url":null,"abstract":"Fish species show astonishing phenotypic and genetic diversity in populations. The delimitation and recognition of fish species are not only of interest to taxonomists but also a requirement in studies of ecology. In this study, the genetic structure of Caranx senegallus collected from three water bodies adjoining the Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria was characterized using the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcode gene region. Fish samples collected from Qua Iboe estuary, Escravos estuary, and Lagos lagoon were identified morphologically, and muscle tissues were used for DNA barcoding using Fish1 and Fish2 primers. Evolutionary analysis showed the formation of diverging clades in the neighbor-joining tree and indicated the presence of multiple species. The result also revealed that morphological identification was not entirely successful, as the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) prediction confirmed the presence of three specimens initially identified as C. senegallus but genetically matching C. fischeri and Trachinotus goreensis. This observation further emphasized the need for an integrative method for species identification.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2266
T. Adebowale, B. B. Ibiyomi, O. Akintunde, O. A. Ijose, M. B. Olaiyifa
.
.
{"title":"ASSESSING PREFERENCE AND PERCEPTION OF BUSHMEAT CONSUMERS AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN IBADAN, OYO STATE","authors":"T. Adebowale, B. B. Ibiyomi, O. Akintunde, O. A. Ijose, M. B. Olaiyifa","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2266","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2223
A. Michael, V. O. Eyo, O. J. Eriegha
The Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) is one of the important food fishes for the inhabitants of the Escravos Estuary. Due to lack of information on the parasites of fish species in the Escarvos Estuary, including C. nigrodigitatus, fish eaters from the Escravos Estuary are at grave danger of contracting zoonotic diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of endoparasites in the Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from the Escravos Estuary, Nigeria. A total of 180 samples of C. nigrodigitatus were collected from September 2023 to February 2024 from fish landing sites in Okerenkoko community. The fish samples were transported to Fisheries and Aquaculture Laboratory, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko for examination and endoparasites identification. Two genera of endoparasites were found that infect C. nigrodigitatus from the Escravos Estuary, namely Procamallanus laevionchus and Pomphorhynchus laevis belonging to nematode and acanthocephalan. Only 6 samples were infected with 12 endoparasites with a total prevalence of 3.33 %. More hosts were infested with more parasites in the rainy season than dry season with a rainy season prevalence of 4.17 % and 1.17 % for dry season. Prevalence (6.25 %) of endoparasites was higher in 40.0 – 49.9 cm size class than other length classes with 20.0 – 29.9 cm size class recording the least prevalence (1.67%). More female hosts (66.67%) were infested than male hosts (33.33 %). Parasites were only found in the intestine and stomach of C. nigrodigitatus with no parasite in the fillet, liver, heart, and kidney. In conclusion,...
{"title":"BASELINE SURVEY ON ENDOPARASITIC FAUNNA OF THE SILVER CATFISH (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) FROM ESCRAVOS ESTUARY, DELTA STATE NIGERIA, AND ITS ZOONOTIC IMPLICATION FOR FISH CONSUMER’S HEALTH","authors":"A. Michael, V. O. Eyo, O. J. Eriegha","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2223","url":null,"abstract":"The Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) is one of the important food fishes for the inhabitants of the Escravos Estuary. Due to lack of information on the parasites of fish species in the Escarvos Estuary, including C. nigrodigitatus, fish eaters from the Escravos Estuary are at grave danger of contracting zoonotic diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of endoparasites in the Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) from the Escravos Estuary, Nigeria. A total of 180 samples of C. nigrodigitatus were collected from September 2023 to February 2024 from fish landing sites in Okerenkoko community. The fish samples were transported to Fisheries and Aquaculture Laboratory, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko for examination and endoparasites identification. Two genera of endoparasites were found that infect C. nigrodigitatus from the Escravos Estuary, namely Procamallanus laevionchus and Pomphorhynchus laevis belonging to nematode and acanthocephalan. Only 6 samples were infected with 12 endoparasites with a total prevalence of 3.33 %. More hosts were infested with more parasites in the rainy season than dry season with a rainy season prevalence of 4.17 % and 1.17 % for dry season. Prevalence (6.25 %) of endoparasites was higher in 40.0 – 49.9 cm size class than other length classes with 20.0 – 29.9 cm size class recording the least prevalence (1.67%). More female hosts (66.67%) were infested than male hosts (33.33 %). Parasites were only found in the intestine and stomach of C. nigrodigitatus with no parasite in the fillet, liver, heart, and kidney. In conclusion,...","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2222
Muslim Babatunde Aminu, Samuel Ojo
Double-BSRs are enigmatic seismic data reflections with implications on subsurface fluid migration and phase, and hydrate stability in shallow subsea sediments. From 3D exploration seismic data, we detail the occurrence of a double BSR from the Offshore Niger Delta. Identified in an earlier study, we delineate the areal extent of the double-BSR and model expected temperatures at the deeper BSR to provide constraints on its origin. The deeper BSR occurs at a minimum estimated depth of 114 m below the upper BSR. Temperature modeling results indicate Structure I hydrates are unstable at the current depth of the deeper BSR. The lower seismic amplitudes and discontinuous nature of the deeper BSR and its apparent hinterland tilt relative to the upper BSR suggest it marked the base of the gas hydrate stability zone in the climatic (GHSZ) and tectonic past when the pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions were significantly different. We propose that recent tectonic uplift on the thrust-cored ridge system considerably altered local P-T conditions which led to the dissociation of gas hydrates and consequent upward migration of the base of the GHSZ to shallower levels until it reached its present state, leaving behind a tilted relic of its former position. The relic likely benefited from low advective rates which encouraged its preservation through time. We further reckon that the tilt of the Relict BSR relates to the rotation of the fold limb during recent thrust activity and as a result we aver that Relict BSRs may record limb rotation on fault-bend folds.
{"title":"TILTED DOUBLE BOTTOM-SIMULATING REFLECTION RELATED TO RECENT FOLD LIMB ROTATION FROM THE DEEP OFFSHORE DEEPWATER NIGER DELTA","authors":"Muslim Babatunde Aminu, Samuel Ojo","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2222","url":null,"abstract":"Double-BSRs are enigmatic seismic data reflections with implications on subsurface fluid migration and phase, and hydrate stability in shallow subsea sediments. From 3D exploration seismic data, we detail the occurrence of a double BSR from the Offshore Niger Delta. Identified in an earlier study, we delineate the areal extent of the double-BSR and model expected temperatures at the deeper BSR to provide constraints on its origin. The deeper BSR occurs at a minimum estimated depth of 114 m below the upper BSR. Temperature modeling results indicate Structure I hydrates are unstable at the current depth of the deeper BSR. The lower seismic amplitudes and discontinuous nature of the deeper BSR and its apparent hinterland tilt relative to the upper BSR suggest it marked the base of the gas hydrate stability zone in the climatic (GHSZ) and tectonic past when the pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions were significantly different. We propose that recent tectonic uplift on the thrust-cored ridge system considerably altered local P-T conditions which led to the dissociation of gas hydrates and consequent upward migration of the base of the GHSZ to shallower levels until it reached its present state, leaving behind a tilted relic of its former position. The relic likely benefited from low advective rates which encouraged its preservation through time. We further reckon that the tilt of the Relict BSR relates to the rotation of the fold limb during recent thrust activity and as a result we aver that Relict BSRs may record limb rotation on fault-bend folds.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2237
S. Ebhohon, Ekene Victor Asoya, H. E. Iyare
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic medication known for its efficacy and safety when administered within recommended doses. However, overdose or prolonged use of acetaminophen can lead to severe hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, posing a significant public health concern. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of vitamin C on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Six rats were randomly assigned to seven groups, with Group 1 designated as the control. Groups 2, 4, and 6 were given daily single oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of acetaminophen, respectively. Meanwhile, Groups 3, 5, and 7 received daily single oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of acetaminophen, followed by intraperitoneal administration of 100 mg/kg of vitamin C daily, for 14 days. Liver function markers (AST, ALT, total bilirubin, and total protein) and renal function indicators (urea and creatinine levels) were assessed, alongside antioxidant status in liver and kidney tissues through antioxidant assays (SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA). The results demonstrated the protective influence of vitamin C on liver and kidney tissues, as indicated by the modulation of biochemical markers. These findings suggest that vitamin C may play a pivotal role in alleviating acetaminophen-induced liver and kidney damage across different dosage regimens, potentially serving as a therapeutic intervention for preventing or treating drug-induced organ injuries. Further investigations are essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and validate the translational potential of vitamin C as a protective agent against acetaminophen toxicity.
{"title":"PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN C ON ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED LIVER AND KIDNEY TOXICITY IN MALE RATS","authors":"S. Ebhohon, Ekene Victor Asoya, H. E. Iyare","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2237","url":null,"abstract":"Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic medication known for its efficacy and safety when administered within recommended doses. However, overdose or prolonged use of acetaminophen can lead to severe hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, posing a significant public health concern. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of vitamin C on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Six rats were randomly assigned to seven groups, with Group 1 designated as the control. Groups 2, 4, and 6 were given daily single oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of acetaminophen, respectively. Meanwhile, Groups 3, 5, and 7 received daily single oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of acetaminophen, followed by intraperitoneal administration of 100 mg/kg of vitamin C daily, for 14 days. Liver function markers (AST, ALT, total bilirubin, and total protein) and renal function indicators (urea and creatinine levels) were assessed, alongside antioxidant status in liver and kidney tissues through antioxidant assays (SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA). The results demonstrated the protective influence of vitamin C on liver and kidney tissues, as indicated by the modulation of biochemical markers. These findings suggest that vitamin C may play a pivotal role in alleviating acetaminophen-induced liver and kidney damage across different dosage regimens, potentially serving as a therapeutic intervention for preventing or treating drug-induced organ injuries. Further investigations are essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and validate the translational potential of vitamin C as a protective agent against acetaminophen toxicity.","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2225
Ngozi Gloria Johnson, H. O. John-Nwagwu, David U. Agada, G. T. Pepple, Franklin U. Okoli, A. L. Yaya
Water is one of the most important natural resources, and as a resource to any nation, it should be well-planned, developed, conserved, distributed, and managed. Its infrastructure should also be properly maintained to avoid future water problems. This project sought to evaluate the water infrastructure in Lokoja with a focus on identifying areas requiring improvement. The scope of the study encompassed mapping the primary water pipeline distribution network and gathering geometric and attribute data concerning storage tanks and reservoirs within the designated area. Employing a combination of remote sensing and ground survey techniques, data was collected and utilized to generate a detailed spatial distribution map illustrating the major water supply networks and reservoirs. ArcGIS 10.2 was utilized for data processing and analysis, with the 3D analyst tool utilized to generate an elevation map and ascertain optimal site selection for gravity reservoir placement. The outcomes of the analysis included a visual representation of major pipeline connections, the precise location of tanks and reservoirs, and a comprehensive database containing both location and attribute information for these structures within the study area. The study findings revealed a pressing need for enhancing maintenance practices for water reservoir tanks, as a significant portion were found to be in substandard condition. Additionally, the study highlighted the necessity for pipeline extension to incorporate newly developed suburban areas within the study vicinity. The collated data serves as a pivotal resource for informed decision-making regarding the establishment of new reservoirs and the expansion of existing pipeline networks. Overall, this...
{"title":"DIGITAL CADASTRE FOR POTABLE WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN LOKOJA, KOGI STATE","authors":"Ngozi Gloria Johnson, H. O. John-Nwagwu, David U. Agada, G. T. Pepple, Franklin U. Okoli, A. L. Yaya","doi":"10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2225","url":null,"abstract":"Water is one of the most important natural resources, and as a resource to any nation, it should be well-planned, developed, conserved, distributed, and managed. Its infrastructure should also be properly maintained to avoid future water problems. This project sought to evaluate the water infrastructure in Lokoja with a focus on identifying areas requiring improvement. The scope of the study encompassed mapping the primary water pipeline distribution network and gathering geometric and attribute data concerning storage tanks and reservoirs within the designated area. Employing a combination of remote sensing and ground survey techniques, data was collected and utilized to generate a detailed spatial distribution map illustrating the major water supply networks and reservoirs. ArcGIS 10.2 was utilized for data processing and analysis, with the 3D analyst tool utilized to generate an elevation map and ascertain optimal site selection for gravity reservoir placement. The outcomes of the analysis included a visual representation of major pipeline connections, the precise location of tanks and reservoirs, and a comprehensive database containing both location and attribute information for these structures within the study area. The study findings revealed a pressing need for enhancing maintenance practices for water reservoir tanks, as a significant portion were found to be in substandard condition. Additionally, the study highlighted the necessity for pipeline extension to incorporate newly developed suburban areas within the study vicinity. The collated data serves as a pivotal resource for informed decision-making regarding the establishment of new reservoirs and the expansion of existing pipeline networks. Overall, this...","PeriodicalId":282447,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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