Pub Date : 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108820
Keith D. Humfeld , Geun Young Kim , Ji Ho Jeon , John Hoffman , Allison Brown , Jonathan Colton , Shreyes Melkote , Vinh Nguyen
This paper introduces a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) technique that co-trains neural networks (NNs) that represent each function in a system of equations to simultaneously solve equations representing an out-of-autoclave (OOA) cure process while conducting optimization in adherence to process requirements. Specifically, this co-training approach benefits from using NNs to represent OOA inputs (air temperature profile) and outputs (part and tool temperature profiles and degree of cure). Production requirements can then be levied on the inputs, such as maximum air temperature and minimum cure cycle, and simultaneously on the outputs, such as degree of cure, maximum part temperature, and part temperature rate limits. Co-training the NNs results in an optimized input producing outputs that meet all OOA process requirements. The technique is validated with finite element (FE) simulations and physical experiments for curing a Toray T830H-6 K/3900-2D composite panel. Hence, this novel approach efficiently models and optimizes the OOA cure process.
{"title":"Co-training of multiple neural networks for simultaneous optimization and training of physics-informed neural networks for composite curing","authors":"Keith D. Humfeld , Geun Young Kim , Ji Ho Jeon , John Hoffman , Allison Brown , Jonathan Colton , Shreyes Melkote , Vinh Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) technique that co-trains neural networks (NNs) that represent each function in a system of equations to simultaneously solve equations representing an out-of-autoclave (OOA) cure process while conducting optimization in adherence to process requirements. Specifically, this co-training approach benefits from using NNs to represent OOA inputs (air temperature profile) and outputs (part and tool temperature profiles and degree of cure). Production requirements can then be levied on the inputs, such as maximum air temperature and minimum cure cycle, and simultaneously on the outputs, such as degree of cure, maximum part temperature, and part temperature rate limits. Co-training the NNs results in an optimized input producing outputs that meet all OOA process requirements. The technique is validated with finite element (FE) simulations and physical experiments for curing a Toray T830H-6 K/3900-2D composite panel. Hence, this novel approach efficiently models and optimizes the OOA cure process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 108820"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108774
Daowei Lai , Yanfei Ma , Bin Li , Zhenjun Peng , Wufang Yang , Qiangliang Yu , Xiangfei Zhao , Bo Yu , Chufeng Sun , Feng Zhou
We developed a novel solid–liquid composite coating with a gradient distribution of liquid-like brush grafting polysilazane and well-distributed modified graphene oxide, integrating anti-corrosion and underwater anti-adhesion properties, which exhibits stale anti-fouling and drag reduction properties. The corrosion current of the coating decreases by six orders of magnitude compared to that of the substrate, and it has an extremely long salt spray lifespan of over 1440 h with the thickness approximately 20 μm. It also achieves over 97 % reduction in microbial contamination, and the maximum drag reduction rate reaches about 36 %, exhibiting outstanding antifouling and drag reduction performance. Impressively, the drag reduction rate remains very stable even after the corrosion test, followed by algae adhesion tests and after abrasion. Even the coating is worn, it can still maintain relatively stable protective performance. This work provides a novel and feasible method for the engineering application of ocean antifouling and drag reduction.
{"title":"Superior multifunctional protecting property of novel slippery integrated thin coating balancing surface and internal design","authors":"Daowei Lai , Yanfei Ma , Bin Li , Zhenjun Peng , Wufang Yang , Qiangliang Yu , Xiangfei Zhao , Bo Yu , Chufeng Sun , Feng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We developed a novel solid–liquid composite coating with a gradient distribution of liquid-like brush grafting polysilazane and well-distributed modified graphene oxide, integrating anti-corrosion and underwater anti-adhesion properties, which exhibits stale anti-fouling and drag reduction properties. The corrosion current of the coating decreases by six orders of magnitude compared to that of the substrate, and it has an extremely long salt spray lifespan of over 1440 h with the thickness approximately 20 μm. It also achieves over 97 % reduction in microbial contamination, and the maximum drag reduction rate reaches about 36 %, exhibiting outstanding antifouling and drag reduction performance. Impressively, the drag reduction rate remains very stable even after the corrosion test, followed by algae adhesion tests and after abrasion. Even the coating is worn, it can still maintain relatively stable protective performance. This work provides a novel and feasible method for the engineering application of ocean antifouling and drag reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108774"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108812
Yanlong Zhan , Zhenqian Pang , Gang Tan
Intelligent responsive surfaces hold immense potential for cutting-edge technological applications. In this study, we report the fabrication of optically and thermally dual-responsive shape memory superhydrophobic surfaces, achieved through the synergistic integration of 3D printing, magnetron sputtering, and chemical modification techniques. These multifunctional surfaces exhibit exceptional shape memory properties, activated by optical and thermal stimuli, enabling reversible transitions in both surface structure and wettability. Furthermore, they demonstrate superior photothermal conversion efficiency and serve as programmable, rewritable platforms for precise control over liquid directional transport and tunable wetting gradients, ranging from superhydrophobicity to superhydrophilicity. Notably, the surfaces dynamically adjust their structural color via orientation changes in the array, all while maintaining outstanding shape memory stability and durability. The versatile applications of these intelligent surfaces encompass directional fluid transport, wetting gradient manipulation, wettability switching, programmable interfaces, structural coloration, and even extend to aerospace technologies, such as foldable antennas. This work represents a significant advancement in the development of smart responsive surfaces, highlighting their broad applicability and transformative potential across diverse technological domains.
{"title":"Optically/thermally dual-responsive shape memory superhydrophobic surfaces with advanced multi-functionalities","authors":"Yanlong Zhan , Zhenqian Pang , Gang Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intelligent responsive surfaces hold immense potential for cutting-edge technological applications. In this study, we report the fabrication of optically and thermally dual-responsive shape memory superhydrophobic surfaces, achieved through the synergistic integration of 3D printing, magnetron sputtering, and chemical modification techniques. These multifunctional surfaces exhibit exceptional shape memory properties, activated by optical and thermal stimuli, enabling reversible transitions in both surface structure and wettability. Furthermore, they demonstrate superior photothermal conversion efficiency and serve as programmable, rewritable platforms for precise control over liquid directional transport and tunable wetting gradients, ranging from superhydrophobicity to superhydrophilicity. Notably, the surfaces dynamically adjust their structural color via orientation changes in the array, all while maintaining outstanding shape memory stability and durability. The versatile applications of these intelligent surfaces encompass directional fluid transport, wetting gradient manipulation, wettability switching, programmable interfaces, structural coloration, and even extend to aerospace technologies, such as foldable antennas. This work represents a significant advancement in the development of smart responsive surfaces, highlighting their broad applicability and transformative potential across diverse technological domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108812"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108813
Huilin Ren , Ziwen Chen , Dan Wang , David W. Rosen , Yi Xiong
The advancement of continuous fiber-reinforced polymer additive manufacturing (CFRP-AM) enables the fabrication of intricate geometries. While topology-optimized structures are known for their lightweight and superior properties, these complex forms introduce significant challenges in fiber toolpath design due to irregular geometric variations, particularly where fibers converge and diverge. Moreover, this complexity has been compounded by a separation between structural design and its direct application to manufacturing, leading to inefficiencies in the production process. To address this issue, a strut-joint (S-J) feature fiber toolpath planning method is developed that considers both performance and manufacturability. This method employs a divide-and-conquer strategy by separately optimizing the fiber paths in strut and joint regions to improve overall structural integrity. For topology-optimized structures with intricate geometries, a curl-based feature recognition method has been proposed. This method calculates the curl of the fiber orientation field and leverages the principle where angular variations result in increased curl values to categorize topology-optimized structures into two fundamental features: strut and joint. Subsequently, in strut regions, continuous fiber paths are generated using a field projection method, with the projection period determined by the minimal printable spacing. In joint areas, two specialized sub-optimization problems are introduced—connection and shape design. The connection problem uses integer linear programming to optimize the matching of fiber paths from different struts, while the shape design ensures extensive fiber coverage with no overlap, improving print quality and mechanical performance. This S-J feature approach maximizes fiber alignment with optimized material orientations in strut regions and minimizes performance degradation in joint areas, ensuring the structural integrity and effectiveness of the design. By directly translating the structural design results into continuous toolpaths for manufacturing, this approach bridges the gap between design and manufacturability. Mechanical tests revealed that the Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm (MBB) model fabricated with S-J toolpaths exhibited increases in stiffness of 21.5 % and 25.2 %, in strength of 29 % and 25.8 %, and in fiber infill ratio of 43.1 % and 6.7 %, respectively, when compared to the equally-spaced method (EQS) and Offset methods. Numerical simulation and digital image correlation (DIC) further validated the method, demonstrating a more uniform strain distribution and reduced stress concentrations, leading to enhanced strength. This research advances toolpath planning for topology-optimized structures, highlighting future innovations to improve performance and manufacturability of CFRP structures.
{"title":"Performance and manufacturability co-driven process planning for topology-optimized structures fabricated by continuous fiber-reinforced polymer additive manufacturing","authors":"Huilin Ren , Ziwen Chen , Dan Wang , David W. Rosen , Yi Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of continuous fiber-reinforced polymer additive manufacturing (CFRP-AM) enables the fabrication of intricate geometries. While topology-optimized structures are known for their lightweight and superior properties, these complex forms introduce significant challenges in fiber toolpath design due to irregular geometric variations, particularly where fibers converge and diverge. Moreover, this complexity has been compounded by a separation between structural design and its direct application to manufacturing, leading to inefficiencies in the production process. To address this issue, a strut-joint (S-J) feature fiber toolpath planning method is developed that considers both performance and manufacturability. This method employs a divide-and-conquer strategy by separately optimizing the fiber paths in strut and joint regions to improve overall structural integrity. For topology-optimized structures with intricate geometries, a curl-based feature recognition method has been proposed. This method calculates the curl of the fiber orientation field and leverages the principle where angular variations result in increased curl values to categorize topology-optimized structures into two fundamental features: strut and joint. Subsequently, in strut regions, continuous fiber paths are generated using a field projection method, with the projection period determined by the minimal printable spacing. In joint areas, two specialized sub-optimization problems are introduced—connection and shape design. The connection problem uses integer linear programming to optimize the matching of fiber paths from different struts, while the shape design ensures extensive fiber coverage with no overlap, improving print quality and mechanical performance. This S-J feature approach maximizes fiber alignment with optimized material orientations in strut regions and minimizes performance degradation in joint areas, ensuring the structural integrity and effectiveness of the design. By directly translating the structural design results into continuous toolpaths for manufacturing, this approach bridges the gap between design and manufacturability. Mechanical tests revealed that the Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm (MBB) model fabricated with S-J toolpaths exhibited increases in stiffness of 21.5 % and 25.2 %, in strength of 29 % and 25.8 %, and in fiber infill ratio of 43.1 % and 6.7 %, respectively, when compared to the equally-spaced method (EQS) and Offset methods. Numerical simulation and digital image correlation (DIC) further validated the method, demonstrating a more uniform strain distribution and reduced stress concentrations, leading to enhanced strength. This research advances toolpath planning for topology-optimized structures, highlighting future innovations to improve performance and manufacturability of CFRP structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108813"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108817
Max Mammone , Jojibabu Panta , Richard P. Mildren , John Wang , Juan Escobedo-Diaz , Lance Mcgarva , Mathew Ibrahim , Adam Sharp , Richard Yang , Y.X. Zhang
This study provides a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the effects of laser power and beam diameter on the thermal damage characteristics of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, aiming to uncover the underlying damage mechanisms using advanced characterization techniques. Continuous wave laser irradiation was performed with beam diameters of 3.18 mm and 5.70 mm at varying power levels up to 365 W to evaluate the influence of laser parameters on CFRP damage. High-resolution thermal imaging captured temperature distributions on the CFRP surfaces, revealing complex interactions between laser parameters and resulting thermal damage. Quantitative ultrasonic C-scan imaging offered detailed insights into the extent and distribution of damage, elucidating the interplay between laser parameters and CFRP integrity. Results show that for the 3.18 mm beam diameter, perforation times significantly decreased from 46 s at 215 W to 7 s at 365 W. Simultaneously, the damaged area reduced from 1204 mm2 (48.2 %) at 215 W to 372 mm2 (14.9 %) at 365 W, indicating efficient material ablation. Conversely, for the 5.7 mm beam diameter, perforation times were considerably longer, ranging from 393 s at 215 W to 269 s at 365 W, while the damage area increased from 1299 mm2 (52.0 %) to 1712 mm2 (68.5 %), reflecting a broader heat-affected zone (HAZ) and more extensive thermal damage. Mass loss trends also varied, decreasing with higher power for the smaller beam diameter but increasing for the larger beam, highlighting contrasting ablation efficiencies and thermal effects. Micro-CT imaging revealed internal structural changes in the CFRP, confirming SEM observations that detailed surface morphology alterations under varying laser conditions. Infrared micro-spectroscopy beamline (IRM) analysis further uncovered chemical modifications and compositional changes induced by laser exposure, providing insights into degradation mechanisms and residual stresses within the composite matrix. These findings significantly enhance the understanding of thermal damage mechanisms in CFRP, offering valuable implications for aerospace and high-performance composite applications.
{"title":"Advanced characterization of thermal degradation mechanisms in carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites under continuous wave laser irradiation","authors":"Max Mammone , Jojibabu Panta , Richard P. Mildren , John Wang , Juan Escobedo-Diaz , Lance Mcgarva , Mathew Ibrahim , Adam Sharp , Richard Yang , Y.X. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the effects of laser power and beam diameter on the thermal damage characteristics of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, aiming to uncover the underlying damage mechanisms using advanced characterization techniques. Continuous wave laser irradiation was performed with beam diameters of 3.18 mm and 5.70 mm at varying power levels up to 365 W to evaluate the influence of laser parameters on CFRP damage. High-resolution thermal imaging captured temperature distributions on the CFRP surfaces, revealing complex interactions between laser parameters and resulting thermal damage. Quantitative ultrasonic C-scan imaging offered detailed insights into the extent and distribution of damage, elucidating the interplay between laser parameters and CFRP integrity. Results show that for the 3.18 mm beam diameter, perforation times significantly decreased from 46 s at 215 W to 7 s at 365 W. Simultaneously, the damaged area reduced from 1204 mm<sup>2</sup> (48.2 %) at 215 W to 372 mm<sup>2</sup> (14.9 %) at 365 W, indicating efficient material ablation. Conversely, for the 5.7 mm beam diameter, perforation times were considerably longer, ranging from 393 s at 215 W to 269 s at 365 W, while the damage area increased from 1299 mm<sup>2</sup> (52.0 %) to 1712 mm<sup>2</sup> (68.5 %), reflecting a broader heat-affected zone (HAZ) and more extensive thermal damage. Mass loss trends also varied, decreasing with higher power for the smaller beam diameter but increasing for the larger beam, highlighting contrasting ablation efficiencies and thermal effects. Micro-CT imaging revealed internal structural changes in the CFRP, confirming SEM observations that detailed surface morphology alterations under varying laser conditions. Infrared micro-spectroscopy beamline (IRM) analysis further uncovered chemical modifications and compositional changes induced by laser exposure, providing insights into degradation mechanisms and residual stresses within the composite matrix. These findings significantly enhance the understanding of thermal damage mechanisms in CFRP, offering valuable implications for aerospace and high-performance composite applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108817"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108816
Laurence Wong , John Wang , Richard Chunhui Yang , Y.X. Zhang
This study investigates the slow-growth damage behaviours of bonded CFRP-Al hybrid double-lap joints. Static tensile tests were performed to evaluate the residual strength of partially disbonded or delaminated joints. Fatigue tests were conducted at a practical load level based on static joint strength and safety factor requirements to measure fatigue life and crack growth rates. Finite element models were developed and calibrated using experimental residual strengths and the characteristic distance method and then employed to calculate the residual strengths and energy release rates as functions of crack lengths. The extended finite element method and virtual crack closure technique were both applied. The combination of experimental crack growth rates and numerical energy release rates yielded a modified Paris law, which was used to predict the fatigue life of the double-lap joints with gap region delamination. The fatigue test results revealed slow-growth delamination behaviour within the double-lap joint specimens with pre-embedded gap region delamination cracks. Following observations of crack migration from gap region disbond to first ply delamination, finite element analysis revealed the interaction that arises from disbond-delamination crack migration, with delamination growth remaining dominant and disbond growth significantly reducing. The fatigue life prediction for gap region delamination yielded good agreement with experimental joint fatigue life. This study implemented the previously proposed framework for assessing slow-growth damage behaviours of adhesively bonded composite joints.
{"title":"Slow-growth disbond and delamination damage of a bonded composite-metal joint under fatigue loading","authors":"Laurence Wong , John Wang , Richard Chunhui Yang , Y.X. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the slow-growth damage behaviours of bonded CFRP-Al hybrid double-lap joints. Static tensile tests were performed to evaluate the residual strength of partially disbonded or delaminated joints. Fatigue tests were conducted at a practical load level based on static joint strength and safety factor requirements to measure fatigue life and crack growth rates. Finite element models were developed and calibrated using experimental residual strengths and the characteristic distance method and then employed to calculate the residual strengths and energy release rates as functions of crack lengths. The extended finite element method and virtual crack closure technique were both applied. The combination of experimental crack growth rates and numerical energy release rates yielded a modified Paris law, which was used to predict the fatigue life of the double-lap joints with gap region delamination. The fatigue test results revealed slow-growth delamination behaviour within the double-lap joint specimens with pre-embedded gap region delamination cracks. Following observations of crack migration from gap region disbond to first ply delamination, finite element analysis revealed the interaction that arises from disbond-delamination crack migration, with delamination growth remaining dominant and disbond growth significantly reducing. The fatigue life prediction for gap region delamination yielded good agreement with experimental joint fatigue life. This study implemented the previously proposed framework for assessing slow-growth damage behaviours of adhesively bonded composite joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108816"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108810
Shaojie Sun , Yuanshuai Wang , Xinyu Wang , Yuming Feng , Baolong Guo , Yanxin Zhang , Yi Wang , Chenyao Zhao , Yanan Yang , Long Xia
Morphology control of thermally conductive phases for high-temperature glass–ceramic matrix composites is crucial to construct conductive pathways. In this work, a novel strategy that enables the simultaneous formation of the main phase and thermally conductive phase is developed. Barium aluminosilicate (BAS) glass–ceramic consisting of internal β-Sialon fibers was sintered densely directly by powders without preformed. By adjusting the carbon source content, composites with different in-situ growth Sialon contents can be easily fabricated. The thermal conductivity of the sample with 7.5 wt% carbon content is improved to 5.714 W/mK at a Sialon volume fraction of 45.12 vol%, which is 112.64 % higher than that of the pure BAS matrix. The efficient thermal pathways are constructed by widely distributed Sialon fibers. The thermal pathways are connected with considerable contact areas to form a three-dimensional thermal conduction network, which significantly increases the thermal conductivity of the composite. This work provides a general and efficient strategy for the fabrication of high-temperature structural composites with high thermal conductivity and superior thermal shock resistance.
{"title":"Thermal conductive networks constructed by Sialon fibers in-situ synthesized in barium aluminosilicate glass–ceramic","authors":"Shaojie Sun , Yuanshuai Wang , Xinyu Wang , Yuming Feng , Baolong Guo , Yanxin Zhang , Yi Wang , Chenyao Zhao , Yanan Yang , Long Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Morphology control of thermally conductive phases for high-temperature glass–ceramic matrix composites is crucial to construct conductive pathways. In this work, a novel strategy that enables the simultaneous formation of the main phase and thermally conductive phase is developed. Barium aluminosilicate (BAS) glass–ceramic consisting of internal β-Sialon fibers was sintered densely directly by powders without preformed. By adjusting the carbon source content, composites with different in-situ growth Sialon contents can be easily fabricated. The thermal conductivity of the sample with 7.5 wt% carbon content is improved to 5.714 W/mK at a Sialon volume fraction of 45.12 vol%, which is 112.64 % higher than that of the pure BAS matrix. The efficient thermal pathways are constructed by widely distributed Sialon fibers. The thermal pathways are connected with considerable contact areas to form a three-dimensional thermal conduction network, which significantly increases the thermal conductivity of the composite. This work provides a general and efficient strategy for the fabrication of high-temperature structural composites with high thermal conductivity and superior thermal shock resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108810"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108814
Raul Simões , Joana Rodrigues , Žan Podvratnik , Ana Violeta Girão , Nélia Alberto , Nazanin Emami , Victor Neto , Teresa Monteiro , Gil Gonçalves
The sustainable utilization of polymers depends on efficient recycling and the ability to retain their critical physical properties for further processing. In this study, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposite properties were enhanced by the integration of carbon dots (CDs), in terms of processability and optical traceability during recycling. HDPE composites with varying CDs loadings were prepared to assess their effects on optical and mechanical properties over three consecutive recycling cycles. The composite containing 0.5 wt% CDs demonstrated a 17% increase in tensile strength after recycling, with a maximum strain of 11%, significantly outperforming the neat HDPE while preserving its crystalline structure. Additionally, incorporating 0.1 wt% CDs reduced the wear rate by up to 98%, highlighting a substantial improvement in durability. Improved processability of the recycled material was confirmed by producing 3D-printed specimens at each CDs concentration. Notably, composites containing 0.1 wt% CDs exhibited excellent printability even after three recycling cycles. CDs have also been utilized as luminescence tracers. This study revealed that the quenching of the blue phosphorescence associated to the carbonyl groups of the polymer backbone was highly dependent on the CDs content. Importantly, nanocomposites with 0.1 wt% CDs exhibited progressive luminescence changes corresponding to the number of recycling cycles, enabling quick and reliable traceability and sorting using standard mobile phone cameras. These findings are highly promising, paving the way for rapid, automated, and scalable HDPE recycling. This innovation offers significant potential for advancing the circular economy of HDPE and enhancing the sustainability of polymer materials.
聚合物的可持续利用取决于高效的回收利用以及在进一步加工时保留其关键物理特性的能力。在这项研究中，高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）纳米复合材料的性能通过整合碳点（CD）得到了增强，这体现在回收过程中的可加工性和光学可追溯性方面。我们制备了不同碳点含量的高密度聚乙烯复合材料，以评估其在三个连续循环中对光学和机械性能的影响。含有 0.5 wt% CD 的复合材料在回收后的拉伸强度提高了 17%，最大应变为 11%，在保持结晶结构的同时，明显优于纯高密度聚乙烯。此外，0.1 wt% CD 的加入使磨损率降低了 98%，从而大大提高了耐用性。通过在每种 CD 浓度下制作 3D 打印试样，证实了再生材料加工性的提高。值得注意的是，含有 0.1 wt% CD 的复合材料在经过三个循环后仍表现出优异的可印刷性。CD 还被用作发光示踪剂。这项研究表明，与聚合物骨架羰基相关的蓝色磷光的淬灭与 CD 含量有很大关系。重要的是，CD 含量为 0.1 wt% 的纳米复合材料表现出与循环次数相对应的渐进式发光变化，从而可以使用标准手机摄像头进行快速可靠的追踪和分类。这些发现前景广阔，为实现快速、自动化和可扩展的高密度聚乙烯回收铺平了道路。这项创新为推动高密度聚乙烯循环经济和提高聚合物材料的可持续性提供了巨大潜力。
{"title":"High-density polyethylene reinforced with carbon dots for improved processing cycles and recyclability traceability","authors":"Raul Simões , Joana Rodrigues , Žan Podvratnik , Ana Violeta Girão , Nélia Alberto , Nazanin Emami , Victor Neto , Teresa Monteiro , Gil Gonçalves","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainable utilization of polymers depends on efficient recycling and the ability to retain their critical physical properties for further processing. In this study, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposite properties were enhanced by the integration of carbon dots (CDs), in terms of processability and optical traceability during recycling. HDPE composites with varying CDs loadings were prepared to assess their effects on optical and mechanical properties over three consecutive recycling cycles. The composite containing 0.5 wt% CDs demonstrated a 17% increase in tensile strength after recycling, with a maximum strain of 11%, significantly outperforming the neat HDPE while preserving its crystalline structure. Additionally, incorporating 0.1 wt% CDs reduced the wear rate by up to 98%, highlighting a substantial improvement in durability. Improved processability of the recycled material was confirmed by producing 3D-printed specimens at each CDs concentration. Notably, composites containing 0.1 wt% CDs exhibited excellent printability even after three recycling cycles. CDs have also been utilized as luminescence tracers. This study revealed that the quenching of the blue phosphorescence associated to the carbonyl groups of the polymer backbone was highly dependent on the CDs content. Importantly, nanocomposites with 0.1 wt% CDs exhibited progressive luminescence changes corresponding to the number of recycling cycles, enabling quick and reliable traceability and sorting using standard mobile phone cameras. These findings are highly promising, paving the way for rapid, automated, and scalable HDPE recycling. This innovation offers significant potential for advancing the circular economy of HDPE and enhancing the sustainability of polymer materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108814"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108788
Yinlong Cao , Guanghui Gao , Wenhuan Wang , Genjin Liu , Jiuwen Bao , Yifei Cui , Ying Li
The advanced resin systems are crucial for the application of GFRP in the practical marine engineering. Besides, the reliable performance data on GFRP exposed to marine environment are still lacking. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the durability-related performance of the GFRP laminates made up of the modified resin. In this experiment, the resin and GFRP laminate specimens were exposed to deionized water (DW), real seawater (RSW), simulated pore solutions of seawater sea sand concrete (SSCSPS) and real marine environment (RME). The results showed that the moisture absorption of GFRP laminates in SSCSPS was higher than that in DW and RSW due to the destruction of GFRP multiphase structures. The tensile strength of the resin exposed to RSW and RME after 90 days was improved due to its post-curing, while that of GFRP laminates decreased by 8–9 %. Besides, it was remarkable that the tensile strength retention of the resin and GFRP laminates immersed in SSCSPS after 90 days was decreased by more than 30 %. The modified prediction model was developed by considering the resin factor on tensile strength of GFRP laminates exposed to various environments. Furthermore, the deterioration mechanisms of GFRP laminates were discussed by morphology characterization.
{"title":"Deterioration behaviors of phenolic amine/epoxy-based GFRP laminates exposed to aggressive environments","authors":"Yinlong Cao , Guanghui Gao , Wenhuan Wang , Genjin Liu , Jiuwen Bao , Yifei Cui , Ying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advanced resin systems are crucial for the application of GFRP in the practical marine engineering. Besides, the reliable performance data on GFRP exposed to marine environment are still lacking. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the durability-related performance of the GFRP laminates made up of the modified resin. In this experiment, the resin and GFRP laminate specimens were exposed to deionized water (DW), real seawater (RSW), simulated pore solutions of seawater sea sand concrete (SSCSPS) and real marine environment (RME). The results showed that the moisture absorption of GFRP laminates in SSCSPS was higher than that in DW and RSW due to the destruction of GFRP multiphase structures. The tensile strength of the resin exposed to RSW and RME after 90 days was improved due to its post-curing, while that of GFRP laminates decreased by 8–9 %. Besides, it was remarkable that the tensile strength retention of the resin and GFRP laminates immersed in SSCSPS after 90 days was decreased by more than 30 %. The modified prediction model was developed by considering the resin factor on tensile strength of GFRP laminates exposed to various environments. Furthermore, the deterioration mechanisms of GFRP laminates were discussed by morphology characterization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108788"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study is to characterize the role of glass fiber (GF) surface treatment in hydrothermal aging at polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and GF interfaces from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the fracture surface. The mechanical properties of PBT/GF were investigated using four types of GFs treated with aminosilane and epoxy. The surface treatment containing epoxy contributed to the suppression of GF fracture during molding process and improved the interfacial strength with PBT, resulting in higher tensile strength of the PBT/GF before hydrothermal treatment. After hydrothermal treatment, the tensile strength of the epoxy-treated GF and PBT composites reduced owing to moisture absorption, and that of the aminosilane-treated GF and PBT composites decreased by hydrolysis at the interphase. Nevertheless, in the PBT/GF treated with epoxy and aminosilane together, the interfacial hydrolysis and moisture absorption during the hydrothermal treatment were suppressed, resulting in the highest tensile strength of PBT/GF.
{"title":"Role of glass fiber surface treatment on hydrothermal aging at the interface between polybutylene terephthalate and glass fiber","authors":"Hideyuki Uematsu , Shunya Yorikane , Ayaka Yamaguchi , Shinji Sugihara , Fumihiro Nishimura , Masachika Yamane , Shuichi Tanoue","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study is to characterize the role of glass fiber (GF) surface treatment in hydrothermal aging at polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and GF interfaces from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the fracture surface. The mechanical properties of PBT/GF were investigated using four types of GFs treated with aminosilane and epoxy. The surface treatment containing epoxy contributed to the suppression of GF fracture during molding process and improved the interfacial strength with PBT, resulting in higher tensile strength of the PBT/GF before hydrothermal treatment. After hydrothermal treatment, the tensile strength of the epoxy-treated GF and PBT composites reduced owing to moisture absorption, and that of the aminosilane-treated GF and PBT composites decreased by hydrolysis at the interphase. Nevertheless, in the PBT/GF treated with epoxy and aminosilane together, the interfacial hydrolysis and moisture absorption during the hydrothermal treatment were suppressed, resulting in the highest tensile strength of PBT/GF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108811"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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