Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108749
Rikard Gebart
{"title":"Correction to: Thermal runaway criterion for thick polymer composites","authors":"Rikard Gebart","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108749","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 108749"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108724
Xin He , Mingxu Wu , Songbo Zhang , Qizhou Yu , Pibo Liu , Yongjie Zhang , Yanming Hu
Herein, we reported the synthesis of a siloxane-containing polysulfide poly(S-EGAE-PDMS) by combination of inverse vulcanization and dynamic covalent polymerization. By virtue of polysulfide, hydroxyl, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) moieties, poly(S-EGAE-PDMS) can act as both vulcanization agent and interfacial modifier in rubber composites through the reaction with the rubber chains and silica/carbon black nanofillers. The uniform dispersion of nanofillers and enhancement of filler-rubber matrix interfacial interactions were achieved. Successful incorporation of PDMS segments as the crosslinks between butadiene-isoprene rubber chains was proved. Tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed the poly(S-EGAE-PDMS)-based tread had higher mechanical properties compared to the conventional sulfur-crosslinked congener, the tensile strength and toughness increased by 19.8% and 19.3%. The rolling resistance decreased by 12.1%, and the high bond dissociation energy of −Si-O- crosslinks led to an increase of anti-thermal oxidative aging property by 19.1%. Moreover, the dynamic covalent –S-S– and –Si-O-Si– bonds endowed the poly(S-EGAE-PDMS)-crosslinked rubber material good recyclability.
{"title":"Construction of PDMS-crosslinked tread composites that feature high energy-saving and anti-thermal oxidative performances","authors":"Xin He , Mingxu Wu , Songbo Zhang , Qizhou Yu , Pibo Liu , Yongjie Zhang , Yanming Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we reported the synthesis of a siloxane-containing polysulfide poly(S-EGAE-PDMS) by combination of inverse vulcanization and dynamic covalent polymerization. By virtue of polysulfide, hydroxyl, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) moieties, poly(S-EGAE-PDMS) can act as both vulcanization agent and interfacial modifier in rubber composites through the reaction with the rubber chains and silica/carbon black nanofillers. The uniform dispersion of nanofillers and enhancement of filler-rubber matrix interfacial interactions were achieved. Successful incorporation of PDMS segments as the crosslinks between butadiene-isoprene rubber chains was proved. Tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed the poly(S-EGAE-PDMS)-based tread had higher mechanical properties compared to the conventional sulfur-crosslinked congener, the tensile strength and toughness increased by 19.8% and 19.3%. The rolling resistance decreased by 12.1%, and the high bond dissociation energy of −Si-O- crosslinks led to an increase of anti-thermal oxidative aging property by 19.1%. Moreover, the dynamic covalent –S-S– and –Si-O-Si– bonds endowed the poly(S-EGAE-PDMS)-crosslinked rubber material good recyclability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 108724"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108747
Long Yi , Shijie Song , Ying Liu
The incompatibility of nanomaterials with resin and the irreversibility of coatings after damage severely limit the anti-corrosion and anti-wear properties of epoxy coatings. Hence, in this work, a f-BNNs-ZB@AFD-EP composite coating with active/passive self-healing properties was prepared to provide excellent corrosion and wear protection. Boron nitride nanosheets with a high aspect ratio were prepared by mechanical exfoliation, and their compatibility with resin was enhanced by polyethyleneimine. The release of benzotriazole from the zeolitic imidazolate framework on the nanosheets and the reconnection of disulfide bond provided excellent active/passive self-healing properties. Moreover, the coating resistance of f-BNNs-ZB@AFD-EP (2.49 × 107 Ω⋅cm2) was increased by three orders of magnitude pure epoxy coating (7.95 × 105 Ω⋅cm2). Meanwhile, the friction coefficient (0.64) and wear rate (5.00 × 10−5 mm3/N·m) of f-BNNs-ZB@AFD-EP were lower than that of pure composite coating (0.78, 3.50 × 10−4 mm3/N·m). The f-BNNs-ZB@AFD-EP with outstanding properties has great application prospects in the field of material protection.
{"title":"Fabrication of functionalized boron nitride modified self-healing composite coating for corrosion and wear protection","authors":"Long Yi , Shijie Song , Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incompatibility of nanomaterials with resin and the irreversibility of coatings after damage severely limit the anti-corrosion and anti-wear properties of epoxy coatings. Hence, in this work, a f-BNNs-ZB@AFD-EP composite coating with active/passive self-healing properties was prepared to provide excellent corrosion and wear protection. Boron nitride nanosheets with a high aspect ratio were prepared by mechanical exfoliation, and their compatibility with resin was enhanced by polyethyleneimine. The release of benzotriazole from the zeolitic imidazolate framework on the nanosheets and the reconnection of disulfide bond provided excellent active/passive self-healing properties. Moreover, the coating resistance of f-BNNs-ZB@AFD-EP (2.49 × 10<sup>7</sup> Ω⋅cm<sup>2</sup>) was increased by three orders of magnitude pure epoxy coating (7.95 × 10<sup>5</sup> Ω⋅cm<sup>2</sup>). Meanwhile, the friction coefficient (0.64) and wear rate (5.00 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/N·m) of f-BNNs-ZB@AFD-EP were lower than that of pure composite coating (0.78, 3.50 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/N·m). The f-BNNs-ZB@AFD-EP with outstanding properties has great application prospects in the field of material protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 108747"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108746
Wanyan Zou, Yuanjian Tong, Yu Wang, Lianghua Xu
A series of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibres with different crystallite structures were prepared. The study clarifies a new mechanism of axial compression instability in carbon fibres: the disordered structures are the first to deform and fail under compressive loading. This leads to instability and disorientation of the graphite crystals, ultimately causing the fibres to instability and fail. Thus, within a certain range, the growth of crystallites enhance the fibres’ resistance to buckling and compressive strength of composites. However, the increase in crystallite size leads to greater inertness on the fibre surface, adversely affecting the transverse stability of carbon fibres within composites. When the negative effect of fibre surface inertness outweighs the positive effect of crystallite growth, the compressive strength of the composite peaks and then gradually declines. This indicates an antagonistic effect of the carbon crystalline structure on the compressive strength of the composite. By modulating the surface structure of the carbon fibre, the antagonistic effects can be regulated to improve the compressive strength. This also shifts the strength peak to Lc = 2.37 nm, indirectly confirming the compressive instability mechanism.
{"title":"Antagonistic effect of intermediate modulus carbon fibre structures on axial compressive failure of composites","authors":"Wanyan Zou, Yuanjian Tong, Yu Wang, Lianghua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibres with different crystallite structures were prepared. The study clarifies a new mechanism of axial compression instability in carbon fibres: the disordered structures are the first to deform and fail under compressive loading. This leads to instability and disorientation of the graphite crystals, ultimately causing the fibres to instability and fail. Thus, within a certain range, the growth of crystallites enhance the fibres’ resistance to buckling and compressive strength of composites. However, the increase in crystallite size leads to greater inertness on the fibre surface, adversely affecting the transverse stability of carbon fibres within composites. When the negative effect of fibre surface inertness outweighs the positive effect of crystallite growth, the compressive strength of the composite peaks and then gradually declines. This indicates an antagonistic effect of the carbon crystalline structure on the compressive strength of the composite. By modulating the surface structure of the carbon fibre, the antagonistic effects can be regulated to improve the compressive strength. This also shifts the strength peak to Lc = 2.37 nm, indirectly confirming the compressive instability mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 108746"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108748
Xiaochuan Niu , Yong Ma , Shu Guo , Lu Li , Ruixiao Zheng , Yuli Chen
To accurately predict the tensile stress–strain behavior of unidirectional fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (FRCMCs) considering interphase and Coulomb friction, this paper develops a comprehensive micro-mechanics model through in-depth analyses of micro-damage evolutions, including matrix cracking, interfacial debonding, and fiber fragmenting. The critical role of interfacial friction in the nonlinear tensile response of FRCMCs is highly emphasized in this model. Thereby, Coulomb friction, instead of the typically assumed constant friction, is adopted, and meanwhile, the effects of interphase thickness, Poisson effect, interfacial roughness, and residual stress are carefully incorporated. Comparison with previous experimental results indicates that the model successfully predicts the tensile response for various interphase thicknesses and theoretically elucidates the mechanisms behind the non-monotonic influence of interphase thickness on ultimate strength. Based on this model, the impacts of interfacial characteristics, interphase properties, and temperature on tensile behavior are systematically analyzed. The findings indicate that elevating interfacial friction significantly enhances the mechanical performance of FRCMCs, and a relatively thin (∼100 nm) and low-textured interphase is preferred when no brittle fracture occurs. Moreover, the study analyzes the length-dependent strength in scenarios of interfacial separation, exhibiting a distinct decrease-and-increase trend with composite length due to fiber pull-out effects. The study provides valuable guidance for the further interphase design of FRCMCs.
{"title":"Predicting tensile behavior and strength of ceramic matrix composites: A micromechanism-based model incorporating interphase and Coulomb friction","authors":"Xiaochuan Niu , Yong Ma , Shu Guo , Lu Li , Ruixiao Zheng , Yuli Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To accurately predict the tensile stress–strain behavior of unidirectional fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (FRCMCs) considering interphase and Coulomb friction, this paper develops a comprehensive micro-mechanics model through in-depth analyses of micro-damage evolutions, including matrix cracking, interfacial debonding, and fiber fragmenting. The critical role of interfacial friction in the nonlinear tensile response of FRCMCs is highly emphasized in this model. Thereby, Coulomb friction, instead of the typically assumed constant friction, is adopted, and meanwhile, the effects of interphase thickness, Poisson effect, interfacial roughness, and residual stress are carefully incorporated. Comparison with previous experimental results indicates that the model successfully predicts the tensile response for various interphase thicknesses and theoretically elucidates the mechanisms behind the non-monotonic influence of interphase thickness on ultimate strength. Based on this model, the impacts of interfacial characteristics, interphase properties, and temperature on tensile behavior are systematically analyzed. The findings indicate that elevating interfacial friction significantly enhances the mechanical performance of FRCMCs, and a relatively thin (∼100 nm) and low-textured interphase is preferred when no brittle fracture occurs. Moreover, the study analyzes the length-dependent strength in scenarios of interfacial separation, exhibiting a distinct decrease-and-increase trend with composite length due to fiber pull-out effects. The study provides valuable guidance for the further interphase design of FRCMCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 108748"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143260918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108740
Boshi Yu, Yiwei Zhang, Yue Liu, Yewei Jin, Yihu Song, Mao Peng
Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced resin composites (CFRCs) fabricated through vacuum-assisted resin infusion (VARI) have been extensively used in various industries. Inorganic nanomaterials that improve the strength and toughness of matrices significantly increase the viscosity, making the VARI process difficult. Furthermore, improving the CF-matrix interfacial interactions using commercial polymeric sizing agents potentially leads to a reduction in the glass transition temperature of high cross-linking density epoxy resins. Herein, poly(p-amino-phenylene amino-terephthalamide) ((NH2)2-PPTA), an aminated para-polyamide, was used as a novel sizing agent for CFs and as a reinforcing agent for the matrix. With the addition of just 0.139 mg/cm2 of (NH2)2-PPTA on each CF sheet and 0.5 wt% of (NH2)2-PPTA in the matrix, the flexural strength, fracture total energy, interlaminar shear strength, and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness are enhanced by 32.4 %, 61.7 %, 39.6 %, and 90.9 %, respectively, significantly higher than those of CFRCs individually modified by fiber sizing or matrix reinforcement.
{"title":"Enhancing the mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin laminates through a combination of carbon fiber coating and matrix reinforcement with an aminated para-polyamide","authors":"Boshi Yu, Yiwei Zhang, Yue Liu, Yewei Jin, Yihu Song, Mao Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced resin composites (CFRCs) fabricated through vacuum-assisted resin infusion (VARI) have been extensively used in various industries. Inorganic nanomaterials that improve the strength and toughness of matrices significantly increase the viscosity, making the VARI process difficult. Furthermore, improving the CF-matrix interfacial interactions using commercial polymeric sizing agents potentially leads to a reduction in the glass transition temperature of high cross-linking density epoxy resins. Herein, poly(<em>p</em>-amino-phenylene amino-terephthalamide) ((NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-PPTA), an aminated <em>para</em>-polyamide, was used as a novel sizing agent for CFs and as a reinforcing agent for the matrix. With the addition of just 0.139 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> of (NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-PPTA on each CF sheet and 0.5 wt% of (NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-PPTA in the matrix, the flexural strength, fracture total energy, interlaminar shear strength, and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness are enhanced by 32.4 %, 61.7 %, 39.6 %, and 90.9 %, respectively, significantly higher than those of CFRCs individually modified by fiber sizing or matrix reinforcement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 108740"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108739
Yichen Zhou , Zhenqiu Hu , Xupeng Sui , Hanyuan Shi , Yuanzheng Lin , Jinlong Pan , Neven Ukrainczyk , Jingming Cai
This study investigated the mechanical properties and impact resistance of one-part engineered geopolymer composites (EGC), with a particular focus on the low-velocity impact behavior of one-part EGC under extreme temperature conditions. One-part EGC require only water for preparation, improving safety and convenience of construction. This study represents the first report on the impact mechanical performance of one-part EGC at −196 °C to 400 °C through low-velocity drop hammer impact experiments. The failure and damage mechanisms based on microstructure and fractal theory were analyzed, economic and environmental benefits of one-part EGC were discussed. The findings indicate that the ultimate tensile strain of one-part EGC can be up to 5.8 %, the compressive strength can be up to 48.1 MPa. In terms of impact performance, one-part EGC maintains high energy dissipation coefficient before penetration. In addition, the cost, embodied energy and embodied carbon reductions for one-part EGC were more than 10.1 %, 8.7 % and 23.1 %, respectively.
{"title":"Low-velocity impact behavior of one-part engineered geopolymer composite under extreme temperatures","authors":"Yichen Zhou , Zhenqiu Hu , Xupeng Sui , Hanyuan Shi , Yuanzheng Lin , Jinlong Pan , Neven Ukrainczyk , Jingming Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the mechanical properties and impact resistance of one-part engineered geopolymer composites (EGC), with a particular focus on the low-velocity impact behavior of one-part EGC under extreme temperature conditions. One-part EGC require only water for preparation, improving safety and convenience of construction. This study represents the first report on the impact mechanical performance of one-part EGC at −196 °C to 400 °C through low-velocity drop hammer impact experiments. The failure and damage mechanisms based on microstructure and fractal theory were analyzed, economic and environmental benefits of one-part EGC were discussed. The findings indicate that the ultimate tensile strain of one-part EGC can be up to 5.8 %, the compressive strength can be up to 48.1 MPa. In terms of impact performance, one-part EGC maintains high energy dissipation coefficient before penetration. In addition, the cost, embodied energy and embodied carbon reductions for one-part EGC were more than 10.1 %, 8.7 % and 23.1 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 108739"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143200838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon fiber/epoxy composites (CF/EP) are significant components of engineering materials in defense, aerospace and transportation field. Nevertheless, one of the main obstacles to improve mechanical strength of CF/EP is delamination. In this study, a kind of hydroxyl-functionalized block co-polyimide (BOH) filming as interleaves achieved multi-scale synergistic toughening, including reaction-induced phase separation structures at nano-scale and plastic deformation of BOH enrichment at micro-scale, which aims to improve the interlaminar fracture toughness of CF/EP composites effectively. As a result, mode I interlaminar toughness at initial (GIC-NL) and at propagation (GIC-Prop) of CF/EP laminates interleaved with 7 μm BOH film (CF-EP/BOH7) are increased by 126 % and 183 %, respectively. CF-EP/BOH7 laminates exhibit improvement of 206 % in mode II interlaminar toughness. This multi-scale toughening method initiates a new way for improving the interlaminar toughness of CF/EP composites.
{"title":"Nano-/micron-scale synergistic toughening of carbon fiber/epoxy composites via interleaving co-polyimide film","authors":"Lili Zhang , Gong-qiu Peng , Deqi Jing , Ying-fen Wang , Shouchun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fiber/epoxy composites (CF/EP) are significant components of engineering materials in defense, aerospace and transportation field. Nevertheless, one of the main obstacles to improve mechanical strength of CF/EP is delamination. In this study, a kind of hydroxyl-functionalized block co-polyimide (BOH) filming as interleaves achieved multi-scale synergistic toughening, including reaction-induced phase separation structures at nano-scale and plastic deformation of BOH enrichment at micro-scale, which aims to improve the interlaminar fracture toughness of CF/EP composites effectively. As a result, mode I interlaminar toughness at initial (G<sub>IC-NL</sub>) and at propagation (G<sub>IC-Prop</sub>) of CF/EP laminates interleaved with 7 μm BOH film (CF-EP/BOH7) are increased by 126 % and 183 %, respectively. CF-EP/BOH7 laminates exhibit improvement of 206 % in mode II interlaminar toughness. This multi-scale toughening method initiates a new way for improving the interlaminar toughness of CF/EP composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 108738"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143343055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108715
Frederik Van Loock , Pramod Ravichandran , Xiangmeng Li , Patrick D. Anderson , Ruth Cardinaels
The role of permittivity mismatch and of individual layer thickness on the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance of lossy dielectric polymer nanocomposite multilayer shields is explored via a combined theoretical and experimental approach. The A-B multilayer shields comprise of two or more alternating layers of low and high permittivity facilitated by alternating the filler concentration. A parametric study based on a transfer matrix model is conducted making use of permittivity measurement data on nanocomposites of poly(methyl methacryclate) (PMMA) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Theoretical insights are confirmed via an experimental and numerical finite element case study on PMMA-CNT A-B multilayer stacks in a waveguide. The case study highlights the trade-off between absorption-based shielding and high shielding effectiveness. For a given total shield thickness, the shielding performance becomes independent of the number of layers when the individual layer thickness is less than the skin depth of the composite material in the high permittivity layer. Moreover, to obtain absorption-based shielding, less but thicker layers, like a bilayer, can be advantageous. For instance, we demonstrate that a 4 mm thick bilayer with a 1 wt% to 7 wt% CNT concentration mismatch exhibits absorption-based shielding with a shielding effectiveness close to 40 dB within the X-band frequency regime.
{"title":"Design of lossy dielectric polymer nanocomposite alternating A-B multilayers for absorption-dominated EMI shielding in the X-band regime","authors":"Frederik Van Loock , Pramod Ravichandran , Xiangmeng Li , Patrick D. Anderson , Ruth Cardinaels","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of permittivity mismatch and of individual layer thickness on the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance of lossy dielectric polymer nanocomposite multilayer shields is explored via a combined theoretical and experimental approach. The A-B multilayer shields comprise of two or more alternating layers of low and high permittivity facilitated by alternating the filler concentration. A parametric study based on a transfer matrix model is conducted making use of permittivity measurement data on nanocomposites of poly(methyl methacryclate) (PMMA) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Theoretical insights are confirmed via an experimental and numerical finite element case study on PMMA-CNT A-B multilayer stacks in a waveguide. The case study highlights the trade-off between absorption-based shielding and high shielding effectiveness. For a given total shield thickness, the shielding performance becomes independent of the number of layers when the individual layer thickness is less than the skin depth of the composite material in the high permittivity layer. Moreover, to obtain absorption-based shielding, less but thicker layers, like a bilayer, can be advantageous. For instance, we demonstrate that a 4 mm thick bilayer with a 1 wt% to 7 wt% CNT concentration mismatch exhibits absorption-based shielding with a shielding effectiveness close to 40 dB within the X-band frequency regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 108715"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108721
Yasser Zare , Muhammad Tajammal Munir , Kyong Yop Rhee
In this study, the Weber-Kamal model is advanced to estimate the electrical conductivity of the samples containing polymer and carbon nanofiber (CNF) by the characteristics of the CNF network, interphase, and tunnels, which were disregarded in the original model. The developed model considers the crucial parameters such as interphase depth, contact number (m), contact diameter, polymer tunneling resistivity (ρ), and tunneling distance (λ), along with network portion and interphase concentration. The developed model’s outputs are validated across various levels of these parameters. Furthermore, the developed model’s calculations are associated to the measured conductivity of various examples. Both parametric evaluations and experimental data corroborate the suggested model. The minimum ranges of λ = 1 nm and ρ = 50 Ω.m maximize the conductivity to 0.23 S/m, while an insulative system is observed at high ranges of λ > 6 nm and ρ > 100 Ω.m. Additionally, an insulative system occurs when m < 30 and the waviness factor (u) > 1.4, whereas the top conductivity of 0.036 S/m is reached with the highest number of contacts (m = 100) among the straight CNFs (u = 1).
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