Ibuprofen is a derivative of propionic acid, a class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Ibuprofen has side effects on the gastrointestinal tract. So that topical use can be a solution to reduce the side effects of oral use because of the release of topical drugs through the stratum corneum which makes it selective in certain places. The preparation chosen was a topical microemulsion because it is more thermodynamically stable and has no effect on the gastrointestinal tract. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of surfactant concentrations of various ratios of tween 20:tween 80 and cosurfactant propylene glycol to the penetration rate of ibuprofen across the membrane and to determine the physical characteristics of topical microemulsions. Selection of tween surfactant and propylene glycol cosurfactant because it has high physical stability. This research is an experimental study, namely by making four formulations with various ratios of surfactant and cosurfactant with a difference of 2.5% in each formulation of topical ibuprofen microemulsion with a concentration of 5% ibuprofen using variations of surfactant tween 20 and tween 80, cosurfactant propylene glycol with black cumin oil phase. Evaluation of the preparation by organoleptic test, pH test of the preparation, examination of the type of emulsion, particle size measurement, microemulsion release test in vitro using the Franz diffusion method. The results show that the concentration ratio of surfactant tween 20:tween 80 and cosurfactant propylene glycol can affect particle size, pH and penetration velocity (flux) in Franz diffusion. The results of the study showed that in F1 using surfactant tween 20:tween 80 with a concentration of 71.6% (6:4) had the smallest particle size of 11.5 nm and the largest flux value was 128.45 g.cm-2.H- 1. In conclusion, variations in surfactant and cosurfactant concentrations can affect the pH of the preparation, particle size, penetration speed (flux). The results obtained that the cumulative percent and penetration speed of all formulas had significant differences (p<0.05).
{"title":"Variations of Tween Surfactant and Propylene Glycol Cosurfactant in Topical Microemulsion Formulation on The Penetration of Ibuprofen","authors":"S. Fitrianingsih","doi":"10.33751/jf.v12i2.5785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v12i2.5785","url":null,"abstract":"Ibuprofen is a derivative of propionic acid, a class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Ibuprofen has side effects on the gastrointestinal tract. So that topical use can be a solution to reduce the side effects of oral use because of the release of topical drugs through the stratum corneum which makes it selective in certain places. The preparation chosen was a topical microemulsion because it is more thermodynamically stable and has no effect on the gastrointestinal tract. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of surfactant concentrations of various ratios of tween 20:tween 80 and cosurfactant propylene glycol to the penetration rate of ibuprofen across the membrane and to determine the physical characteristics of topical microemulsions. Selection of tween surfactant and propylene glycol cosurfactant because it has high physical stability. This research is an experimental study, namely by making four formulations with various ratios of surfactant and cosurfactant with a difference of 2.5% in each formulation of topical ibuprofen microemulsion with a concentration of 5% ibuprofen using variations of surfactant tween 20 and tween 80, cosurfactant propylene glycol with black cumin oil phase. Evaluation of the preparation by organoleptic test, pH test of the preparation, examination of the type of emulsion, particle size measurement, microemulsion release test in vitro using the Franz diffusion method. The results show that the concentration ratio of surfactant tween 20:tween 80 and cosurfactant propylene glycol can affect particle size, pH and penetration velocity (flux) in Franz diffusion. The results of the study showed that in F1 using surfactant tween 20:tween 80 with a concentration of 71.6% (6:4) had the smallest particle size of 11.5 nm and the largest flux value was 128.45 g.cm-2.H- 1. In conclusion, variations in surfactant and cosurfactant concentrations can affect the pH of the preparation, particle size, penetration speed (flux). The results obtained that the cumulative percent and penetration speed of all formulas had significant differences (p<0.05).","PeriodicalId":285665,"journal":{"name":"FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127032213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High blood pressure can be caused by excess salt intake Dexamethasone is a potent anti-inflammatory drug, but the long-term administration can cause hypertension. This study aims to determine the accurate time and dose that cause hypertension in rat models by administration of a combination of dexamethasone and 5% NaCl solution. The control group was administrated with aquadest orally, 3 test groups were administrated with dexamethasone at a doses of 0.02mg/kg BW, 0.03mg/kg BW, and 0.5mg/kg BW intraperitonially (i.p) for 28 days. A 5% NaCl solution were administrated instead of drinking water to the test group. Blood pressure and body weight were measured weekly for 28 days. Results of the study show that Dexamethasone at a dose of 0.02mg/kg BW caused hypertension on day-28 where the rats blood pressure increase to 148mmHg/103mmHg (±1.9/±3.1) (P<0.05) compared to control rats and the weight decline by 90 grams. Dexamethasone 0.03mg/kg BW caused hypertension on day-21, with the increase of rats blood pressure at144mmHg/101mmHg (±2,6/±3.2) (P<0.05) compared to control and the weight decrease by 83 grams. Dexamethasone 0.5mg/kg BW caused hypertension on day-7, the rats blood pressure rise to 146mmHg/103mmHg (±1.6/1.9) (P<0.05) compared to control and the weight decrease by 69 grams. As conclusion, Dexamethasone at dose of 0.5mg/kg BW and NaCl 5% cause hypertension faster on day 14 compared to dexamethasone at dose of 0.02mg/kg BW and NaCl 5% which cause hypertension slower after 28 days of administration.
{"title":"Dexamethasone and 5% NaCl Solution Induce Hypertension in Sparangue dawly Male Rats","authors":"I. Syafi'i","doi":"10.33751/jf.v12i2.5975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v12i2.5975","url":null,"abstract":"High blood pressure can be caused by excess salt intake Dexamethasone is a potent anti-inflammatory drug, but the long-term administration can cause hypertension. This study aims to determine the accurate time and dose that cause hypertension in rat models by administration of a combination of dexamethasone and 5% NaCl solution. The control group was administrated with aquadest orally, 3 test groups were administrated with dexamethasone at a doses of 0.02mg/kg BW, 0.03mg/kg BW, and 0.5mg/kg BW intraperitonially (i.p) for 28 days. A 5% NaCl solution were administrated instead of drinking water to the test group. Blood pressure and body weight were measured weekly for 28 days. Results of the study show that Dexamethasone at a dose of 0.02mg/kg BW caused hypertension on day-28 where the rats blood pressure increase to 148mmHg/103mmHg (±1.9/±3.1) (P<0.05) compared to control rats and the weight decline by 90 grams. Dexamethasone 0.03mg/kg BW caused hypertension on day-21, with the increase of rats blood pressure at144mmHg/101mmHg (±2,6/±3.2) (P<0.05) compared to control and the weight decrease by 83 grams. Dexamethasone 0.5mg/kg BW caused hypertension on day-7, the rats blood pressure rise to 146mmHg/103mmHg (±1.6/1.9) (P<0.05) compared to control and the weight decrease by 69 grams. As conclusion, Dexamethasone at dose of 0.5mg/kg BW and NaCl 5% cause hypertension faster on day 14 compared to dexamethasone at dose of 0.02mg/kg BW and NaCl 5% which cause hypertension slower after 28 days of administration.","PeriodicalId":285665,"journal":{"name":"FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132216554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lime peel extract contains quercetin with sunscreen activity. It could make into gel preparations, which has a transparent semisolid and generally gives a cooling sensation to the skin. A combination of semi-refined carrageenan and glucomannan as a gelling agent can be an alternative to form the strength and elasticity of the gel mass. This study aimed to determine the effect of concentration variations of gelling agents on the physical evaluation of gel preparation results and the optimal formulation for lime peel extract gel as sunscreen. Lime peel extract would make into gel preparation with variations in the concentration of the gelling agent, which are 1%, 1.25%, 1.5%, and 1.75%. Afterward, the physical evaluation included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion tests. The organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and adhesion test results show that all formulations meet the requirements. Viscosity test results obtain the best formula III with 3940,00 cPs at 60 rpm . The results of the dispersibility test show the best formulas I and II with 6,10 cm and 5,50 cm. Based on the data analyzed, variations of gelling agents affect the pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion test results. The optimal lime peel extract gel formulation has not defined from the physical evaluation results.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Lime Peel Extract (Citrus aurantiifolia) Gel with Semi-Refined Carrageenan and Glucomannan as Gelling Agent","authors":"Shervie Tjitrarukmana","doi":"10.33751/jf.v12i2.5835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v12i2.5835","url":null,"abstract":"Lime peel extract contains quercetin with sunscreen activity. It could make into gel preparations, which has a transparent semisolid and generally gives a cooling sensation to the skin. A combination of semi-refined carrageenan and glucomannan as a gelling agent can be an alternative to form the strength and elasticity of the gel mass. This study aimed to determine the effect of concentration variations of gelling agents on the physical evaluation of gel preparation results and the optimal formulation for lime peel extract gel as sunscreen. Lime peel extract would make into gel preparation with variations in the concentration of the gelling agent, which are 1%, 1.25%, 1.5%, and 1.75%. Afterward, the physical evaluation included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion tests. The organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and adhesion test results show that all formulations meet the requirements. Viscosity test results obtain the best formula III with 3940,00 cPs at 60 rpm . The results of the dispersibility test show the best formulas I and II with 6,10 cm and 5,50 cm. Based on the data analyzed, variations of gelling agents affect the pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion test results. The optimal lime peel extract gel formulation has not defined from the physical evaluation results.","PeriodicalId":285665,"journal":{"name":"FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129671452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum) is being used traditionally by the people of West Papua to increase fertility. The effects of extracts and fractions of Kebar grass on the estrus cycle duration and estrus phase in rats were evaluated. The present work was designed to investigate the effects of administration of kebar grass extract and its fraction on the histopathological changes in the ovaries and uterine of rats. The female rats were treated with carboxy methyl cellulose sodium (CMC sodium) 1 % (group I), ethynile estradiol (group II), extract kebar grass (group III), n-hexane fraction (group IV), ethyl acetate fraction (group V), and water fraction (group VI) of kebar grass via gavage daily for 7 days. At days 7th and 14th, 3 rats in each group were euthanized. Uterine and ovarian collected and weighed. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and the paraffin technique were used for histological preparation. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test. The Kebar grass has an effect to increase ovarian and uterine weight, increasing most of the number of follicles especially primary follicle and uterine thickness. The treatment with ethyl acetate fraction of kebar grass (group V) constantly showed more effective results than the other kebar grass treatment.
{"title":"Histopathological Alterations in Ovarian and Uterine Treated with Extract and Fraction of Kebar Grass (Biophytum petersianum)","authors":"N. Herlina","doi":"10.33751/jf.v12i2.4599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v12i2.4599","url":null,"abstract":"Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum) is being used traditionally by the people of West Papua to increase fertility. The effects of extracts and fractions of Kebar grass on the estrus cycle duration and estrus phase in rats were evaluated. The present work was designed to investigate the effects of administration of kebar grass extract and its fraction on the histopathological changes in the ovaries and uterine of rats. The female rats were treated with carboxy methyl cellulose sodium (CMC sodium) 1 % (group I), ethynile estradiol (group II), extract kebar grass (group III), n-hexane fraction (group IV), ethyl acetate fraction (group V), and water fraction (group VI) of kebar grass via gavage daily for 7 days. At days 7th and 14th, 3 rats in each group were euthanized. Uterine and ovarian collected and weighed. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and the paraffin technique were used for histological preparation. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test. The Kebar grass has an effect to increase ovarian and uterine weight, increasing most of the number of follicles especially primary follicle and uterine thickness. The treatment with ethyl acetate fraction of kebar grass (group V) constantly showed more effective results than the other kebar grass treatment.","PeriodicalId":285665,"journal":{"name":"FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131088048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antioxidants have an important role in inhibiting free radicals, where free radicals can cause a hereditary disease. Natural medicines that are efficacious as an antioxidant are Gotu kola and kelor leaves. This study aimed to obtain the potential antioxidant compounds in Gotu kola herb extract, kelor leaves extract and the combination using the DPPH method. This research was started by extracting simplicia with 96% ethanol, followed by preparing combination of Gotu kola extract and moringa extract ratio (1:1), (1:2), (1:3), (2:1), (3:1) which was carried out at a concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µl/mL. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was tested by UV Vis spectrophotometry. Results showed that the IC50 value for the Gotu kola herb extract was 76.66 ± 0.56. Kelor leaves extract 82.66 ± 2.32, a combination of Gotu kola: Moringa (1:1) 74.07 ± 1.16, a combination of Gotu kola: Moringa (1:2) 86.56 ± 1.11, a combination of Gotu kola: Moringa (1:3) 65.09 ± 3.03, a combination of Gotu kola: Moringa (2:1) 56.65 ± 1.61, a combination of Gotu kola: Moringa (3:1) 67.58 ± 2.77. The best potential antioxidant activity was showed in the combination of Gotu kola: Moringa (2:1).
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity from Combination of Centella asiatica Herb Extract and Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract","authors":"Wahyuni Djoko","doi":"10.33751/jf.v12i2.5860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v12i2.5860","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidants have an important role in inhibiting free radicals, where free radicals can cause a hereditary disease. Natural medicines that are efficacious as an antioxidant are Gotu kola and kelor leaves. This study aimed to obtain the potential antioxidant compounds in Gotu kola herb extract, kelor leaves extract and the combination using the DPPH method. This research was started by extracting simplicia with 96% ethanol, followed by preparing combination of Gotu kola extract and moringa extract ratio (1:1), (1:2), (1:3), (2:1), (3:1) which was carried out at a concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µl/mL. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was tested by UV Vis spectrophotometry. Results showed that the IC50 value for the Gotu kola herb extract was 76.66 ± 0.56. Kelor leaves extract 82.66 ± 2.32, a combination of Gotu kola: Moringa (1:1) 74.07 ± 1.16, a combination of Gotu kola: Moringa (1:2) 86.56 ± 1.11, a combination of Gotu kola: Moringa (1:3) 65.09 ± 3.03, a combination of Gotu kola: Moringa (2:1) 56.65 ± 1.61, a combination of Gotu kola: Moringa (3:1) 67.58 ± 2.77. The best potential antioxidant activity was showed in the combination of Gotu kola: Moringa (2:1).","PeriodicalId":285665,"journal":{"name":"FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123829255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heart failure is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide despite advances in prevention and management. Recent clinical trial findings have shown that sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) produces effects other than lowering blood glucose levels, i.e., exhibits beneficial cardiovascular effects. The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of SGLT2i in heart failure patients with low ejection fraction (HFrEF) so that it can be used as a guide for future management. This study is a narrative review by searching on Google Scholar through several keywords. The period including articles obtained is articles from 2014 to 2022. The diuretic effect of SGLT2i can cause an increase in cardiac preload. The reduction in cardiac afterload likely occurs through a decrease in blood pressure and arterial stiffness resulting in increased endocardial blood flow. SGLT2i has a beneficial effect on the heart remodeling process. SGLT2i can prevent heart failure by increasing the production of ATP from the oxidation of ketone bodiesSGLT2i in heart failure patients can reduce blood pressure, maintain a decrease in eGFR and reduce the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients. SGLT2i is very effective in the treatment of HFrEF patients. Because of these advantages, further research is needed in Indonesia in order to determine the effectiveness and impact of giving SGLT2i to HFrEF patients in Indonesia.
{"title":"Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT 2) Inhibitor as A Therapy For Heart Failure With Low Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)","authors":"Muhammad Ridwan Dwi Putra","doi":"10.33751/jf.v12i2.5767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v12i2.5767","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide despite advances in prevention and management. Recent clinical trial findings have shown that sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) produces effects other than lowering blood glucose levels, i.e., exhibits beneficial cardiovascular effects. The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of SGLT2i in heart failure patients with low ejection fraction (HFrEF) so that it can be used as a guide for future management. This study is a narrative review by searching on Google Scholar through several keywords. The period including articles obtained is articles from 2014 to 2022. The diuretic effect of SGLT2i can cause an increase in cardiac preload. The reduction in cardiac afterload likely occurs through a decrease in blood pressure and arterial stiffness resulting in increased endocardial blood flow. SGLT2i has a beneficial effect on the heart remodeling process. SGLT2i can prevent heart failure by increasing the production of ATP from the oxidation of ketone bodiesSGLT2i in heart failure patients can reduce blood pressure, maintain a decrease in eGFR and reduce the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients. SGLT2i is very effective in the treatment of HFrEF patients. Because of these advantages, further research is needed in Indonesia in order to determine the effectiveness and impact of giving SGLT2i to HFrEF patients in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":285665,"journal":{"name":"FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi","volume":"230 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121039382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetic wounds are one of the complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), which are at risk of infection and can end in amputation. Colocasia leaves contain metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and saponins, which have antibacterial and antioxidant activity and can accelerate wound healing by helping cell regeneration. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of taro leaves extract emulgel worked for wound healing in diabetic rats. The test animals were 25 white male rats divided into five groups, namely positive control (applied with Cutimed® gel), negative control (applied with emulgel base), standard control (non-diabetic rats), Treatment-1 (applied emulgel once a day) and Treatment-2 (applied emulgel twice a day). Male white rats were injected with alloxan to make them diabetic and, additionally, given a grade 2 incision. Visual observations started from day 1 to day 16. The results of statistical analysis for measuring the diameter of the incision (Morton's method) and visual observation of the wound (method of scoring) obtained sig α <0.05, meaning that the treatment groups 1 and 2 were significantly different from the negative control. Treatment-2 produced nearly the same effect as the positive control. The conclusion was that 5% Taro Leaf extract emulgel applied twice daily was the most effective in healing cuts in diabetic rats for 13 days.
{"title":"In Vivo Wound Healing Potential of Taro Leaf Extract (Colocasia esculenta L.) Emulgel on Diabetic Rat Models","authors":"Erni Rustiani","doi":"10.33751/jf.v12i2.4770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v12i2.4770","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic wounds are one of the complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), which are at risk of infection and can end in amputation. Colocasia leaves contain metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and saponins, which have antibacterial and antioxidant activity and can accelerate wound healing by helping cell regeneration. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of taro leaves extract emulgel worked for wound healing in diabetic rats. The test animals were 25 white male rats divided into five groups, namely positive control (applied with Cutimed® gel), negative control (applied with emulgel base), standard control (non-diabetic rats), Treatment-1 (applied emulgel once a day) and Treatment-2 (applied emulgel twice a day). Male white rats were injected with alloxan to make them diabetic and, additionally, given a grade 2 incision. Visual observations started from day 1 to day 16. The results of statistical analysis for measuring the diameter of the incision (Morton's method) and visual observation of the wound (method of scoring) obtained sig α <0.05, meaning that the treatment groups 1 and 2 were significantly different from the negative control. Treatment-2 produced nearly the same effect as the positive control. The conclusion was that 5% Taro Leaf extract emulgel applied twice daily was the most effective in healing cuts in diabetic rats for 13 days.","PeriodicalId":285665,"journal":{"name":"FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125266140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fsb.) leaves have anti-tyrosinase activity due to their flavonoid content. Anti-tyrosinase penetration is deep because the tyrosinase process occurs in the stratum basale. This study aimed to formulate and characterize the transfersomal containing breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fsb.) leaves ethanolic extract with varying concentrations of Tween 80 and Phospholipon 90G. Breadfruit leaves were extracted using 96% ethanol and quantitative measures of flavonoid content. Breadfruit leaves extract was then formulated into transfersomes using the thin layer hydration method with a concentration ratio of Tween 80 and Phospholipon 90G, respectively, of 5:95; 10:90; 15:85; 20:80; and 25:75. The resulting transfersomes were then characterized by the value of entrapment efficiency (EE), polydispersity index, particle size, and zeta potential to determine the best formula. The %EE result for the 5th formula were 95.13%; 95.42%; 92.78%; 90.48%; and 87.58. The polydispersity result respectively were 0.232; 0.427; 0.236; 0.425; and 0.292. The particle sizes were 276.13 nm, 290.70nm, 222.13nm, 320.80nm, and 280.90 nm. Meanwhile, the zeta potential values respectively were -15.1; -18.2 mV; -20.5 mV; -36.9 mV; and -16.7mV. The concentrations of 20% Tween 80 and 80% Phospholipon 90G were chosen as the best formulas based on the results of their characterization. The best formula also showed a spherical morphology and was most stable with the lowest reduction of entrapment efficiency of 1.7416±0.2033%.
{"title":"Formulation and Characterization of Transfersomal Containing Breadfruit Leaves (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fsb.) Ethanolic Extract","authors":"E. F. Apriani","doi":"10.33751/jf.v12i2.4736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v12i2.4736","url":null,"abstract":"Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fsb.) leaves have anti-tyrosinase activity due to their flavonoid content. Anti-tyrosinase penetration is deep because the tyrosinase process occurs in the stratum basale. This study aimed to formulate and characterize the transfersomal containing breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fsb.) leaves ethanolic extract with varying concentrations of Tween 80 and Phospholipon 90G. Breadfruit leaves were extracted using 96% ethanol and quantitative measures of flavonoid content. Breadfruit leaves extract was then formulated into transfersomes using the thin layer hydration method with a concentration ratio of Tween 80 and Phospholipon 90G, respectively, of 5:95; 10:90; 15:85; 20:80; and 25:75. The resulting transfersomes were then characterized by the value of entrapment efficiency (EE), polydispersity index, particle size, and zeta potential to determine the best formula. The %EE result for the 5th formula were 95.13%; 95.42%; 92.78%; 90.48%; and 87.58. The polydispersity result respectively were 0.232; 0.427; 0.236; 0.425; and 0.292. The particle sizes were 276.13 nm, 290.70nm, 222.13nm, 320.80nm, and 280.90 nm. Meanwhile, the zeta potential values respectively were -15.1; -18.2 mV; -20.5 mV; -36.9 mV; and -16.7mV. The concentrations of 20% Tween 80 and 80% Phospholipon 90G were chosen as the best formulas based on the results of their characterization. The best formula also showed a spherical morphology and was most stable with the lowest reduction of entrapment efficiency of 1.7416±0.2033%.","PeriodicalId":285665,"journal":{"name":"FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115217332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most scalp problems in the community are dandruff. The most widely known microorganism that contributes to dandruff is Malassezia spp. The currently available treatment options for anti-dandruff are mostly synthetic substances. Unfortunately, these synthetic substances can cause various problems, such as side effects and drug resistance, especially the compliance of the patient. Herbal remedies that can be used to reduce the risks are essential oils. There are several essential oils that have been researched on anti-dandruff potential are Tea Tree, Lemongrass, Lavender, Rosemary, Eucalyptus, Coleus amboinicus, etc. The potential of essential oils as anti-dandruff ingredients in scalp remedies will be discussed in this article review. This article review was conducted using a comparative research method from a variety of sources, including online research journals and other sources. The outcome of this review article revealed that the previously mentioned essential oils have positive results in inhibiting the growth of the Malassezia sp., in its pure form, a combination of pure essential oils, or when in product form.
{"title":"Potential of Essential Oil as Anti-Dandruff in Scalp Treatment Preparations","authors":"Detria Wulandari","doi":"10.33751/jf.v12i2.5600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v12i2.5600","url":null,"abstract":"Most scalp problems in the community are dandruff. The most widely known microorganism that contributes to dandruff is Malassezia spp. The currently available treatment options for anti-dandruff are mostly synthetic substances. Unfortunately, these synthetic substances can cause various problems, such as side effects and drug resistance, especially the compliance of the patient. Herbal remedies that can be used to reduce the risks are essential oils. There are several essential oils that have been researched on anti-dandruff potential are Tea Tree, Lemongrass, Lavender, Rosemary, Eucalyptus, Coleus amboinicus, etc. The potential of essential oils as anti-dandruff ingredients in scalp remedies will be discussed in this article review. This article review was conducted using a comparative research method from a variety of sources, including online research journals and other sources. The outcome of this review article revealed that the previously mentioned essential oils have positive results in inhibiting the growth of the Malassezia sp., in its pure form, a combination of pure essential oils, or when in product form.","PeriodicalId":285665,"journal":{"name":"FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114370697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wonosobo Robusta coffee beans are one of the natural source ingredients that potentially could be used as ananticancer. It contains polyphenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, and hydroxy hydroquinone. Thisresearch aims to determine the optimum conditions for the extraction temperature and time of the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method on the extract yield and to determine the anticancer activity. Extraction optimizations wereanalyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental design on atemperature factor of 40, 50, 60 ºC and extraction times of 10, 30 and 50 minutes. Determination of anticancer activitywas conducted using the Methyl Thiazole Tetrazolium (MTT) Assay method against MCF-7 cells. The optimization results indicate that the temperature of 52.74 ºC and time of 29,53 min are the optimum conditions for extraction with an extract yield of 9,16%. The anticancer activity test result at a concentration of 400 µg/mL is 83,25% so it has the potential to be used as an anticancer.
{"title":"EXTRACTION OF ROBUSTA COFFEE BEANS (Coffea canephora) FROM WONOSOBO BY ULTRASONIC WAVES AND ANTICANCER TESTS","authors":"A. Hasan, N. Utami, M. .","doi":"10.33751/jf.v12i1.4933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v12i1.4933","url":null,"abstract":"Wonosobo Robusta coffee beans are one of the natural source ingredients that potentially could be used as ananticancer. It contains polyphenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, and hydroxy hydroquinone. Thisresearch aims to determine the optimum conditions for the extraction temperature and time of the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method on the extract yield and to determine the anticancer activity. Extraction optimizations wereanalyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental design on atemperature factor of 40, 50, 60 ºC and extraction times of 10, 30 and 50 minutes. Determination of anticancer activitywas conducted using the Methyl Thiazole Tetrazolium (MTT) Assay method against MCF-7 cells. The optimization results indicate that the temperature of 52.74 ºC and time of 29,53 min are the optimum conditions for extraction with an extract yield of 9,16%. The anticancer activity test result at a concentration of 400 µg/mL is 83,25% so it has the potential to be used as an anticancer.","PeriodicalId":285665,"journal":{"name":"FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127777915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：