Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851835
Zhang Yongquan, Wang Xiqin, Peng Ying-ning
Moving target detection (MTD) is a high-performance signal processing approach for pulse Doppler radar. High-performance radar calls for sliding MTD (SMTD). Traditional SMTD processing massively increases computational load, resulting in difficulty of implementation. A modified moving DFT algorithm and a new SMTD structure are proposed in this paper. The new SMTD structure adopts both batch-mode signal channel estimation and the modified moving DFT algorithm, which leads to a dramatic reduction of the computational load. The new SMTD structure can be regarded as an adaptive filter for other applications as well.
{"title":"Algorithm and new structure for radar sliding MTD","authors":"Zhang Yongquan, Wang Xiqin, Peng Ying-ning","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851835","url":null,"abstract":"Moving target detection (MTD) is a high-performance signal processing approach for pulse Doppler radar. High-performance radar calls for sliding MTD (SMTD). Traditional SMTD processing massively increases computational load, resulting in difficulty of implementation. A modified moving DFT algorithm and a new SMTD structure are proposed in this paper. The new SMTD structure adopts both batch-mode signal channel estimation and the modified moving DFT algorithm, which leads to a dramatic reduction of the computational load. The new SMTD structure can be regarded as an adaptive filter for other applications as well.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127348686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851865
G. Mirjalily, M. Aref, M. Nayebi
Detection networks have received increasing attention recently, but most research has focused on cases where each local sensor makes a binary decision based on its own observation and then transmits this decision to the fusion center. The restriction of the sensor output to one bit certainly implies a substantial information loss. We, therefore, investigate optimal decision rules in a multi-bit detection network. A multi-bit decision is equivalent to multiple level quantization of the likelihood ratio. In this paper, we develop an iterative algorithm to determine the quantization levels in each of the independent local sensors. Our method is efficient and its asymptotic convergence is guaranteed. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach through the application to a radar detection problem that is CFAR detection of Rayleigh fluctuating targets in Gaussian noise. Simulation results are presented to show how the additional bits from local sensors could result in a better detection performance.
{"title":"Optimal design of multibit radar detection networks","authors":"G. Mirjalily, M. Aref, M. Nayebi","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851865","url":null,"abstract":"Detection networks have received increasing attention recently, but most research has focused on cases where each local sensor makes a binary decision based on its own observation and then transmits this decision to the fusion center. The restriction of the sensor output to one bit certainly implies a substantial information loss. We, therefore, investigate optimal decision rules in a multi-bit detection network. A multi-bit decision is equivalent to multiple level quantization of the likelihood ratio. In this paper, we develop an iterative algorithm to determine the quantization levels in each of the independent local sensors. Our method is efficient and its asymptotic convergence is guaranteed. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach through the application to a radar detection problem that is CFAR detection of Rayleigh fluctuating targets in Gaussian noise. Simulation results are presented to show how the additional bits from local sensors could result in a better detection performance.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117053653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851868
G. Lampropoulos, Ho-fung Leung
This paper presents a new formulation for chaotic detectors which is based on a combination of statistical detectors and chaotic predictors. The chaotic predictors are user to estimate the clutter (i.e., modulation component), while the statistical detectors are used at the output of the squared residual error of the chaotic predictor. Here, the background clutter is this error component and any man-made point target that may be present. The residual error consists of the residual modulation component, the speckle and additive thermal noise. The proposed detector has been used for detecting man-made point targets using a wide range of radar data. Detection of small man-made targets in radar or infrared clutter is an important area of interest for many applications such as ocean surveillance, search and rescue, remote sensing, mine detection, etc. It has been shown that infrared and radar clutter exhibit chaotic rather than purely random behaviour. From the chaotic point of view, a neural network predictor has been developed using a generalized regression neural network (GRNN).
{"title":"Chaotic CFAR detectors for detection of land and sea point targets","authors":"G. Lampropoulos, Ho-fung Leung","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851868","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new formulation for chaotic detectors which is based on a combination of statistical detectors and chaotic predictors. The chaotic predictors are user to estimate the clutter (i.e., modulation component), while the statistical detectors are used at the output of the squared residual error of the chaotic predictor. Here, the background clutter is this error component and any man-made point target that may be present. The residual error consists of the residual modulation component, the speckle and additive thermal noise. The proposed detector has been used for detecting man-made point targets using a wide range of radar data. Detection of small man-made targets in radar or infrared clutter is an important area of interest for many applications such as ocean surveillance, search and rescue, remote sensing, mine detection, etc. It has been shown that infrared and radar clutter exhibit chaotic rather than purely random behaviour. From the chaotic point of view, a neural network predictor has been developed using a generalized regression neural network (GRNN).","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117219807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851910
Tang Jun, Wang Xiqin, Peng Ying-ning
In this paper, the leading characters, parallelism, programmability, scalability and reconfigurability of next generation high speed real-time radar signal processing systems are discussed in detail. An experimental system underway is introduced.
{"title":"Next generation high speed real-time radar signal processing system","authors":"Tang Jun, Wang Xiqin, Peng Ying-ning","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851910","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the leading characters, parallelism, programmability, scalability and reconfigurability of next generation high speed real-time radar signal processing systems are discussed in detail. An experimental system underway is introduced.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122640549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851871
M. Greco, F. Gini, A. Farina, J. Billingsley
A well-known radar signal processing problem is the detection of a target signal having known form in the presence of correlated clutter and thermal noise. When the signal to be detected is embedded in correlated Gaussian distributed clutter, the optimum Neyman-Pearson detector is the linear whitening matched filter (MF). The contribution of the present paper is to investigate, by means of L-band measured ground clutter data, the robustness of the linear matched filter operating in a Gaussian environment in the presence of a mismatch between the design clutter power spectral density (PSD) shape and the actual shape. The well-known Gaussian and power-law PSD are compared to the exponential PSD that has been revealed by experimental measurements carried out by the MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT-LL) Phase One and LCE (L-Band Clutter Experiment) coherent radars on ground clutter data. The parameters of these three models are estimated by means of a nonlinear least squares (NLLS) method. The impact of the spectral models on the performance of the matched filter is investigated in terms of improvement factor (IF), probability of false alarm and probability of detection. The numerical results of this paper validate the exponential clutter spectral model for windblown foliage by showing that the differences between using actual measured in-phase and quadrature clutter data and modeled clutter spectral data of various spectral shapes are minimized when the spectral model employed is of exponential shape. Our conclusions are summarized.
{"title":"Analysis of clutter cancellation in the presence of measured L-band radar ground clutter data","authors":"M. Greco, F. Gini, A. Farina, J. Billingsley","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851871","url":null,"abstract":"A well-known radar signal processing problem is the detection of a target signal having known form in the presence of correlated clutter and thermal noise. When the signal to be detected is embedded in correlated Gaussian distributed clutter, the optimum Neyman-Pearson detector is the linear whitening matched filter (MF). The contribution of the present paper is to investigate, by means of L-band measured ground clutter data, the robustness of the linear matched filter operating in a Gaussian environment in the presence of a mismatch between the design clutter power spectral density (PSD) shape and the actual shape. The well-known Gaussian and power-law PSD are compared to the exponential PSD that has been revealed by experimental measurements carried out by the MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT-LL) Phase One and LCE (L-Band Clutter Experiment) coherent radars on ground clutter data. The parameters of these three models are estimated by means of a nonlinear least squares (NLLS) method. The impact of the spectral models on the performance of the matched filter is investigated in terms of improvement factor (IF), probability of false alarm and probability of detection. The numerical results of this paper validate the exponential clutter spectral model for windblown foliage by showing that the differences between using actual measured in-phase and quadrature clutter data and modeled clutter spectral data of various spectral shapes are minimized when the spectral model employed is of exponential shape. Our conclusions are summarized.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126890406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851843
M. Michelson, J.A. Pavco, D. Alessio
While the performance of modern radars has improved dramatically, the associated costs of acquisition and operation have also risen sharply. In many cases, the procurement costs of the latest state-of-the art systems far exceed current budgetary constraints. In an effort to develop guidelines for more cost effective radar systems, the NRL Radar Division has investigated various techniques as a way of reducing costs while still maintaining as close as possible the original system performance and satisfying the operational requirements. Acquisition cost savings for the techniques studied range from 5% to 30%.
{"title":"A strategy to make future naval air surveillance radars more affordable","authors":"M. Michelson, J.A. Pavco, D. Alessio","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851843","url":null,"abstract":"While the performance of modern radars has improved dramatically, the associated costs of acquisition and operation have also risen sharply. In many cases, the procurement costs of the latest state-of-the art systems far exceed current budgetary constraints. In an effort to develop guidelines for more cost effective radar systems, the NRL Radar Division has investigated various techniques as a way of reducing costs while still maintaining as close as possible the original system performance and satisfying the operational requirements. Acquisition cost savings for the techniques studied range from 5% to 30%.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125351256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851839
P. Eudeline, P. Grandgeorge
THOMSON-CSF AIRSYS is an uncontested leader in the field of air traffic control. Chosen to participate in a decisive European programme POEMS (Pre-Operational European Mode S Station) in order to update the existing surveillance secondary radars, the company is today able to propose complementary primary/mode S radar stations called STAR2000/RSMS970S. In June 1999, THOMSON-CSF AIRSYS decided to use its experience and new technologies in S band solid state design to improve the 4 year old STAR2000 transmitter called SST2000 by a decrease of 20% of the serial cost. This challenge is succeeding and the transmitter SST2000_NG will be in production as soon as April 2000.
AIRSYS是空中交通管制领域无可争议的领导者。选择参加一个决定性的欧洲计划POEMS (Pre-Operational European Mode S Station)，以更新现有的监视二次雷达，该公司今天能够提出互补的一次/模式S雷达站，称为STAR2000/RSMS970S。1999年6月，THOMSON-CSF AIRSYS决定利用其在S波段固态设计中的经验和新技术，通过降低20%的串行成本来改进已有4年历史的STAR2000发射机SST2000。这一挑战取得了成功，发射机SST2000_NG最早将于2000年4月投产。
{"title":"12 kW S band new generation primary transmitter SST2000_NG for ATC low cost re-design of an existing S band transmitter","authors":"P. Eudeline, P. Grandgeorge","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851839","url":null,"abstract":"THOMSON-CSF AIRSYS is an uncontested leader in the field of air traffic control. Chosen to participate in a decisive European programme POEMS (Pre-Operational European Mode S Station) in order to update the existing surveillance secondary radars, the company is today able to propose complementary primary/mode S radar stations called STAR2000/RSMS970S. In June 1999, THOMSON-CSF AIRSYS decided to use its experience and new technologies in S band solid state design to improve the 4 year old STAR2000 transmitter called SST2000 by a decrease of 20% of the serial cost. This challenge is succeeding and the transmitter SST2000_NG will be in production as soon as April 2000.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128177403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851825
D. Scholnik, J. Coleman
In radar systems, wideband array patterns are typically nothing but patterns designed in the conventional narrowband way and then time-delay steered. It is increasingly common to use digital filters to approximate the needed delays. We suggest, however, that approximating time delays is an inefficient use of the valuable resource represented by these filters and propose instead that their responses be jointly optimized to meet specifications on the array pattern as a function of angle and frequency. This frees the angle-dependence and frequency-dependence of the array function from the fixed relationship implied by time-delay steering and allows tremendous design flexibility, and it improves the tradeoff between filter length and ultimate array performance.
{"title":"Optimal design of wideband array patterns","authors":"D. Scholnik, J. Coleman","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851825","url":null,"abstract":"In radar systems, wideband array patterns are typically nothing but patterns designed in the conventional narrowband way and then time-delay steered. It is increasingly common to use digital filters to approximate the needed delays. We suggest, however, that approximating time delays is an inefficient use of the valuable resource represented by these filters and propose instead that their responses be jointly optimized to meet specifications on the array pattern as a function of angle and frequency. This frees the angle-dependence and frequency-dependence of the array function from the fixed relationship implied by time-delay steering and allows tremendous design flexibility, and it improves the tradeoff between filter length and ultimate array performance.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131362140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851808
M. Hashirao, T. Kawase, I. Sasase
The Kalman filter and its applications have been employed for tracking systems. A non-maneuvering target can be accurately tracked by using a Kalman filter with a constant velocity model. However, a maneuvering target might be mis-tracked since prediction errors increase significantly. The H/sub /spl infin// filter is a robust filter and changes its characteristics depending on the parameter /spl gamma/. In order to track accurately not only non-maneuvering but also highly maneuvering targets, we propose a variable /spl gamma/ H/sub /spl infin// filter with an acceleration term when a maneuver is detected.
{"title":"A variable /spl gamma/ H/sub /spl infin// filter for a maneuvering target tracking using acceleration estimation","authors":"M. Hashirao, T. Kawase, I. Sasase","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851808","url":null,"abstract":"The Kalman filter and its applications have been employed for tracking systems. A non-maneuvering target can be accurately tracked by using a Kalman filter with a constant velocity model. However, a maneuvering target might be mis-tracked since prediction errors increase significantly. The H/sub /spl infin// filter is a robust filter and changes its characteristics depending on the parameter /spl gamma/. In order to track accurately not only non-maneuvering but also highly maneuvering targets, we propose a variable /spl gamma/ H/sub /spl infin// filter with an acceleration term when a maneuver is detected.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114274768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851884
Yongqiang Dong, R. Tao, Siyong Zhou, Yue Wang
The aim of this paper is to propose a joint STAP-WVD based slowly moving target detection and imaging approach for an airborne phased array SAR system. The difference in models of received echoes backscattered from the extended scene and point like moving target between the SAR and airborne early warning (AEW) system is investigated and it shows that the quadric phase can not be ignored in the SAR system as in the AEW system due to its long coherent processing period. A modified STAP is put forward to suppress the clutter whilst retaining the phase history of the moving target. The concept of the "weight signal" is proposed to retrieve the phase history of the moving target, which is damaged by the STAP due to the optimum SAR clutter cancellation. Computer simulation results, which lend support to the conclusions reached through theoretical analysis, are presented throughout the paper.
{"title":"Joint STAP-WVD based SAR slowly moving target detection and imaging","authors":"Yongqiang Dong, R. Tao, Siyong Zhou, Yue Wang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851884","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to propose a joint STAP-WVD based slowly moving target detection and imaging approach for an airborne phased array SAR system. The difference in models of received echoes backscattered from the extended scene and point like moving target between the SAR and airborne early warning (AEW) system is investigated and it shows that the quadric phase can not be ignored in the SAR system as in the AEW system due to its long coherent processing period. A modified STAP is put forward to suppress the clutter whilst retaining the phase history of the moving target. The concept of the \"weight signal\" is proposed to retrieve the phase history of the moving target, which is damaged by the STAP due to the optimum SAR clutter cancellation. Computer simulation results, which lend support to the conclusions reached through theoretical analysis, are presented throughout the paper.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114402791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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