Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851813
Lance M. Kaplan, Seung-Mok Oh, J. McClellan
The military is interested in using ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems to detect ground targets. Standard automatic target detection methods search the entire scene for regions of interest (ROI) after image formation. In order to save computations, we introduce a multiscale detection algorithm that uses partially processed radar data during the intermediate stages of a quadtree-based backprojection image formation algorithm. When the detector accrues enough information to determine that a patch of ground is free of potential targets, it then cues the image former to terminate the processing that would further resolve that patch. The detector combines a feature that estimates the coherent signal to noise ratio with another feature that exploits the "broadside flash" scattering phenomenon. The new approach is evaluated over a measured database generated by the ARL BoomSAR radar.
{"title":"Detection of broadside targets during image formation using a quadtree approach","authors":"Lance M. Kaplan, Seung-Mok Oh, J. McClellan","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851813","url":null,"abstract":"The military is interested in using ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems to detect ground targets. Standard automatic target detection methods search the entire scene for regions of interest (ROI) after image formation. In order to save computations, we introduce a multiscale detection algorithm that uses partially processed radar data during the intermediate stages of a quadtree-based backprojection image formation algorithm. When the detector accrues enough information to determine that a patch of ground is free of potential targets, it then cues the image former to terminate the processing that would further resolve that patch. The detector combines a feature that estimates the coherent signal to noise ratio with another feature that exploits the \"broadside flash\" scattering phenomenon. The new approach is evaluated over a measured database generated by the ARL BoomSAR radar.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132143639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851899
R. Klemm
The Cramer-Rao bounds (CRB) of azimuth and velocity estimates of suboptimum space-time adaptive (STAP) processors are presented. Several spatial and space-time order reducing transforms are analysed and compared with the optimum (ML) processor. Although some of the processors discussed exhibit near-optimum performance in terms of signal-to-clutter ratio some of them produce high standard deviations of target velocity and azimuth. Since estimation errors are a major input of subsequent tracking algorithms the selection and design of an appropriate processor architecture is an important task.
{"title":"Cramer-Rao analysis of reduced order STAP processors","authors":"R. Klemm","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851899","url":null,"abstract":"The Cramer-Rao bounds (CRB) of azimuth and velocity estimates of suboptimum space-time adaptive (STAP) processors are presented. Several spatial and space-time order reducing transforms are analysed and compared with the optimum (ML) processor. Although some of the processors discussed exhibit near-optimum performance in terms of signal-to-clutter ratio some of them produce high standard deviations of target velocity and azimuth. Since estimation errors are a major input of subsequent tracking algorithms the selection and design of an appropriate processor architecture is an important task.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132077995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851826
Per Grahn, S. Bjorklund
In this paper we first briefly describe an experimental digital array antenna radar system including hardware, signal processing and measurement arrangements for radar measurements. Then we describe some performed outdoor measurements and present results of signal processing after pulse compression and conventional beamforming as well as high resolution methods. These measurements verify that high resolution beamforming methods work and perform well but are more sensitive compared to conventional beamforming.
{"title":"Short range radar measurements with an experimental digital array antenna","authors":"Per Grahn, S. Bjorklund","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851826","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we first briefly describe an experimental digital array antenna radar system including hardware, signal processing and measurement arrangements for radar measurements. Then we describe some performed outdoor measurements and present results of signal processing after pulse compression and conventional beamforming as well as high resolution methods. These measurements verify that high resolution beamforming methods work and perform well but are more sensitive compared to conventional beamforming.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116060648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851926
R. Adve, M. Wicks, T. Hale, P. Antonik
Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques promise to offer the best means to detect weak targets in severe dynamic interference scenarios. Traditionally, STAP techniques were developed for the detection of low RCS, high velocity airborne targets, well removed from main-beam clutter in Doppler. STAP algorithms are only now being used for ground moving target indication (GMTI) from an airborne reconnaissance platform. We present a practical approach to STAP incorporating three components: nonhomogeneity detection, statistical processing of measured data, and hybrid processing. This combined approach ties together previous research in different aspects of STAP into one algorithm. The algorithm is tested using measured data from the Multi-Channel Airborne Radar Measurements program with particular interest in ground moving target detection.
{"title":"Ground moving target indication using knowledge based space time adaptive processing","authors":"R. Adve, M. Wicks, T. Hale, P. Antonik","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851926","url":null,"abstract":"Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques promise to offer the best means to detect weak targets in severe dynamic interference scenarios. Traditionally, STAP techniques were developed for the detection of low RCS, high velocity airborne targets, well removed from main-beam clutter in Doppler. STAP algorithms are only now being used for ground moving target indication (GMTI) from an airborne reconnaissance platform. We present a practical approach to STAP incorporating three components: nonhomogeneity detection, statistical processing of measured data, and hybrid processing. This combined approach ties together previous research in different aspects of STAP into one algorithm. The algorithm is tested using measured data from the Multi-Channel Airborne Radar Measurements program with particular interest in ground moving target detection.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134214168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851874
Woo-Kyung Lee, H. Griffiths
A novel pulse compression technique is developed that produces an optimal uniform range sidelobe of the ideal Barker code level. The newly obtained sidelobe pattern provides an optimal compromise between the range resolution and the peak sidelobe level (PSL), regardless of the signal code length, and also retains the merit of strong resistance to the Doppler shift effect. Very low sidelobe regions appear around the mainlobe peak, which is useful in target tracking and recognition. A novel processing technique is proposed to reduce the ISL energy. A sidelobe canceller is generated directly from the incoming signal and combined together with the original pulse compression output in which unwanted sidelobes are significantly eliminated.
{"title":"A new pulse compression technique generating optimal uniform range sidelobe and reducing integrated sidelobe level","authors":"Woo-Kyung Lee, H. Griffiths","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851874","url":null,"abstract":"A novel pulse compression technique is developed that produces an optimal uniform range sidelobe of the ideal Barker code level. The newly obtained sidelobe pattern provides an optimal compromise between the range resolution and the peak sidelobe level (PSL), regardless of the signal code length, and also retains the merit of strong resistance to the Doppler shift effect. Very low sidelobe regions appear around the mainlobe peak, which is useful in target tracking and recognition. A novel processing technique is proposed to reduce the ISL energy. A sidelobe canceller is generated directly from the incoming signal and combined together with the original pulse compression output in which unwanted sidelobes are significantly eliminated.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134461821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851897
A. Lazarov
Fourier transforms are used extensively in image reconstruction from inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) data. The applications of these procedures always require range alignment with the Hough transformation or motion compensation algorithms. This constraint can be eliminated by utilising a spatial correlation image restoration procedure. Applying a kinematic and analytic geometric approach of the inverse aperture synthesis in this work, a spatial correlation ISAR image reconstruction tool is developed.
{"title":"Spatial correlation algorithm for ISAR image reconstruction","authors":"A. Lazarov","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851897","url":null,"abstract":"Fourier transforms are used extensively in image reconstruction from inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) data. The applications of these procedures always require range alignment with the Hough transformation or motion compensation algorithms. This constraint can be eliminated by utilising a spatial correlation image restoration procedure. Applying a kinematic and analytic geometric approach of the inverse aperture synthesis in this work, a spatial correlation ISAR image reconstruction tool is developed.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134331228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851941
M. E. Russell, C. Drubin, Á. Marinilli, W. Woodington, M.J. Del Checcolo
This paper discusses three commercial, surface radars: automotive, marine and airport surface detection equipment (ASDE). All three have the same primary function: to avoid collisions, and as a secondary function, provide navigational information as a means to prevent collisions. They all operate at low grazing angles, they struggle with the same challenges of target discrimination in heavy clutter, multiple target resolution in weather, multipath environments, false targets and target tracking. With the advent of inexpensive processing, these three markets are emerging with affordable products requiring minimal operator intervention.
{"title":"Commercial radar technology","authors":"M. E. Russell, C. Drubin, Á. Marinilli, W. Woodington, M.J. Del Checcolo","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851941","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses three commercial, surface radars: automotive, marine and airport surface detection equipment (ASDE). All three have the same primary function: to avoid collisions, and as a secondary function, provide navigational information as a means to prevent collisions. They all operate at low grazing angles, they struggle with the same challenges of target discrimination in heavy clutter, multiple target resolution in weather, multipath environments, false targets and target tracking. With the advent of inexpensive processing, these three markets are emerging with affordable products requiring minimal operator intervention.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133239327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851928
K. T. Wong, Wing-Kit Chung
This paper explores how pulse-diverse modulation of an FSK-PSK modulated pulse train enhances the flexibility to shape the size and distribution of the pulse train's ambiguity volume on the Doppler-delay plane. Pulse-diverse modulation compresses each pulse in the pulse train differently. Based on a priori information of the relative criticality of various Doppler-delay regions (e.g., the presence of strong clutter or jamming in a certain Doppler-delay sector would mean that the ambiguity function should ideally be small in that Doppler-delay sector) a cost function is formed to identify via a genetic algorithm the near-optimal FSK-PSK modulated pulse compression sequence for the entire pulse train.
{"title":"Pulse-diverse radar/sonar FSK-PSK waveform design to emphasize/de-emphasize designated Doppler-delay sectors","authors":"K. T. Wong, Wing-Kit Chung","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851928","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how pulse-diverse modulation of an FSK-PSK modulated pulse train enhances the flexibility to shape the size and distribution of the pulse train's ambiguity volume on the Doppler-delay plane. Pulse-diverse modulation compresses each pulse in the pulse train differently. Based on a priori information of the relative criticality of various Doppler-delay regions (e.g., the presence of strong clutter or jamming in a certain Doppler-delay sector would mean that the ambiguity function should ideally be small in that Doppler-delay sector) a cost function is formed to identify via a genetic algorithm the near-optimal FSK-PSK modulated pulse compression sequence for the entire pulse train.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126992554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851901
A. S. Paine
An adaptive monopulse technique has recently been developed to obtain target direction estimates with minimum error variance. In this paper the 'minimum variance adaptive monopulse' technique (MVAM) is extended to space-time adaptive processing (STAP). Simulations of slow moving targets demonstrate the advantages of using MVAM rather than other space-time adaptive monopulse techniques for the estimation of target direction and Doppler frequency.
{"title":"Application of the minimum variance monopulse technique to space-time adaptive processing","authors":"A. S. Paine","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851901","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptive monopulse technique has recently been developed to obtain target direction estimates with minimum error variance. In this paper the 'minimum variance adaptive monopulse' technique (MVAM) is extended to space-time adaptive processing (STAP). Simulations of slow moving targets demonstrate the advantages of using MVAM rather than other space-time adaptive monopulse techniques for the estimation of target direction and Doppler frequency.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116147718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851796
J. V. Van Zyl, C. Elachi, Yunjin Kim
To enable a low-cost radar mission, various radar techniques and technologies are being developed at many institutions in the world. We summarize several research activities at JPL in this paper.
{"title":"Recent advances in radar technology and techniques for affordable planetary remote sensing","authors":"J. V. Van Zyl, C. Elachi, Yunjin Kim","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851796","url":null,"abstract":"To enable a low-cost radar mission, various radar techniques and technologies are being developed at many institutions in the world. We summarize several research activities at JPL in this paper.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124856023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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