Pub Date : 1976-05-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/303
D. Maystre, R. Petit
We first emphasize the original features of our integral formalism and of its numerical applications. We revue the most important results already published for the visible and the near ultraviolet. Then we report new numerical results for the very far ultraviolet and, taking them into account, we discuss the most efficient way to use diffraction gratings in this range of wavelength. A very simple formula is given for the efficiency in the blaze order.
{"title":"Some recent theorical results for gratings; Application to their use in the very far ultraviolet region","authors":"D. Maystre, R. Petit","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/303","url":null,"abstract":"We first emphasize the original features of our integral formalism and of its numerical applications. We revue the most important results already published for the visible and the near ultraviolet. Then we report new numerical results for the very far ultraviolet and, taking them into account, we discuss the most efficient way to use diffraction gratings in this range of wavelength. A very simple formula is given for the efficiency in the blaze order.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130475059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-05-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/302
P. Bernage, P. Niay
A test of quality determining the accuracy of the measurement of the wave-numbers of absorption lines is proposed. The research of its maximum enables the choice of the best conditions of experiment according to the shape of the absorption factor of the line and according to the resolving power of the spectrometer that is used. The pressure of the absorbing gas and the distance covered by the light in a « White » cell can be deduced from the system of the graphs to be seen in the paper.
{"title":"Choosing of the best experimental conditions with an absorption spectrometer","authors":"P. Bernage, P. Niay","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/302","url":null,"abstract":"A test of quality determining the accuracy of the measurement of the wave-numbers of absorption lines is proposed. The research of its maximum enables the choice of the best conditions of experiment according to the shape of the absorption factor of the line and according to the resolving power of the spectrometer that is used. The pressure of the absorbing gas and the distance covered by the light in a « White » cell can be deduced from the system of the graphs to be seen in the paper.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116294580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-05-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/306
T. Asakura, T. Ueno
A detailed solution is given to the apodization problem for finding the pupil function (amplitude distribution over the exit pupil) which minimizes the second moment of the intensity distribution in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern on the condition that the total energy passing through the aperture be constant. The problem is in the context of Fraunhofer diffraction pattern, and aberration-free systems with both circular and slit apertures are studied. The method used to solve this problem is the calculus of variations leading to the Euler-Lagrange differential equation for the desired pupil functions. Discussion on the pupil functions obtained is conducted.
{"title":"Apodization for minimizing the second moment of the intensity distribution in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern (I)","authors":"T. Asakura, T. Ueno","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/306","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed solution is given to the apodization problem for finding the pupil function (amplitude distribution over the exit pupil) which minimizes the second moment of the intensity distribution in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern on the condition that the total energy passing through the aperture be constant. The problem is in the context of Fraunhofer diffraction pattern, and aberration-free systems with both circular and slit apertures are studied. The method used to solve this problem is the calculus of variations leading to the Euler-Lagrange differential equation for the desired pupil functions. Discussion on the pupil functions obtained is conducted.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114563724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-05-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/108
J. Calatroni, M. Garavaglia
The method of scattered light used in a very simple way permitted the observation of isochromatic fringes produced in a plastic model. He-Ne laser radiation was employed in the experiment. Variations of fringe patterns are correlated with the application of stress in normal planes.
{"title":"LETTRE A LA RDACTION: Observation of isochromatic fringes by scattering of laser radiation","authors":"J. Calatroni, M. Garavaglia","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/108","url":null,"abstract":"The method of scattered light used in a very simple way permitted the observation of isochromatic fringes produced in a plastic model. He-Ne laser radiation was employed in the experiment. Variations of fringe patterns are correlated with the application of stress in normal planes.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"197 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113987816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-05-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/307
S. E. Hage
A mathematical relation between the photokeratoscopic target and the corneal image has been established. The solution of the modified differential equation determines the corneal configuration in different meridians. Thus, it is possible to measure corneal topology three-dimensionally from a photokeratogram.
{"title":"The three-dimensional configuration of the cornea","authors":"S. E. Hage","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/307","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical relation between the photokeratoscopic target and the corneal image has been established. The solution of the modified differential equation determines the corneal configuration in different meridians. Thus, it is possible to measure corneal topology three-dimensionally from a photokeratogram.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129560215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-05-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/301
S. Gerstenkorn, P. Luc
A new Fourier spectrometer has been constructed for use in the visible range, where the noise is due to the signal itself. With this instrument it is possible to record in one sweep a spectral range of 10 000 cm-1. The interferograms contain 106 points (corresponding to a resolving power of about 106) and the reproducibility of the measurements of the wavenumbers of recorded lines in emission spectroscopy is 10-7 in relative value; the accuracy of the measurements of the position of the lines, is proportional to line intensity, and is of the order of a few hundreths of mK (1 mK = 10-3 cm-1) for the strongest among them. Finally, the intensity of the weakest measurable line is one thousandth of the intensity of the strongest line of the spectrum. Compared to a conventional grating spectrometer, the Fourier transform spectroscopy has the advantage among others, of maintaining the throughput gain (Jacquinot) constant for all the lines of the spectrum; the multiplex gain (Fellgett) does not disappear entirely; it depends strongly on the intensity of the lines. The work presented here, proves clearly that the extension of Fourier transform spectroscopy to regions where the noise is principally photon-noise, is effectively possible.
{"title":"Emission spectra studies by means of Fourier transform spectroscopy in the visible range","authors":"S. Gerstenkorn, P. Luc","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/7/3/301","url":null,"abstract":"A new Fourier spectrometer has been constructed for use in the visible range, where the noise is due to the signal itself. With this instrument it is possible to record in one sweep a spectral range of 10 000 cm-1. The interferograms contain 106 points (corresponding to a resolving power of about 106) and the reproducibility of the measurements of the wavenumbers of recorded lines in emission spectroscopy is 10-7 in relative value; the accuracy of the measurements of the position of the lines, is proportional to line intensity, and is of the order of a few hundreths of mK (1 mK = 10-3 cm-1) for the strongest among them. Finally, the intensity of the weakest measurable line is one thousandth of the intensity of the strongest line of the spectrum. Compared to a conventional grating spectrometer, the Fourier transform spectroscopy has the advantage among others, of maintaining the throughput gain (Jacquinot) constant for all the lines of the spectrum; the multiplex gain (Fellgett) does not disappear entirely; it depends strongly on the intensity of the lines. The work presented here, proves clearly that the extension of Fourier transform spectroscopy to regions where the noise is principally photon-noise, is effectively possible.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121968669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/7/2/302
C. Durou, J. P. Hot, R. Lefèvre
It is shown here, by means of the reciprocal statistical density and the Ewald method, that the decrease of the photographic emulsion refractive index compensates most of the effect of the thickness shrinkage in the case of a transmission three-dimensional absorbing hologram. Moreover, the « symmetric » recording of the hologram is shown to be the most interesting configuration in the case of real-time holographic interferometry where the shrinkage and the refractive index variation of the emulsion do not generate spurious fringes, if they are uniform.
{"title":"Simultaneous effects of shrinkage and refractive index fall of the photographic emulsion in holography","authors":"C. Durou, J. P. Hot, R. Lefèvre","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/7/2/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/7/2/302","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown here, by means of the reciprocal statistical density and the Ewald method, that the decrease of the photographic emulsion refractive index compensates most of the effect of the thickness shrinkage in the case of a transmission three-dimensional absorbing hologram. Moreover, the « symmetric » recording of the hologram is shown to be the most interesting configuration in the case of real-time holographic interferometry where the shrinkage and the refractive index variation of the emulsion do not generate spurious fringes, if they are uniform.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121327164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/7/2/301
R. Grousson, S. Mallick
We describe a method of storing a number of real amplitude images on a photographic plate by modulating each image on a different spatial carrier. The signal to be stored is placed in contact with a grid (2 crossed gratings) and this ensemble is imaged on a photographic plate. By choosing a different pair of diffracted orders of the grid, each signal is coded on a different fringe system. The grid remains stationary throughout the operation of storage. Upto eight images have been stored. The signal to noise ratio is calculated and the results are given.
{"title":"Multiple image storage using a crossed grating","authors":"R. Grousson, S. Mallick","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/7/2/301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/7/2/301","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a method of storing a number of real amplitude images on a photographic plate by modulating each image on a different spatial carrier. The signal to be stored is placed in contact with a grid (2 crossed gratings) and this ensemble is imaged on a photographic plate. By choosing a different pair of diffracted orders of the grid, each signal is coded on a different fringe system. The grid remains stationary throughout the operation of storage. Upto eight images have been stored. The signal to noise ratio is calculated and the results are given.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125093878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/7/2/306
Ch. Deckers
We give, in this paper, the analytical expression for the field diffracted by a spatialy limited plane periodic grating. The illumination is first assumed to be completely coherent. The influence of the finite size of the objet on the Fresnel patterns is analysed by means of new « Fourier pseudo-coefficients ». We also analyse the partially coherent illumination case.
{"title":"Fresnel patterns of finite grating illuminated by coherent and partially coherent fields","authors":"Ch. Deckers","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/7/2/306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/7/2/306","url":null,"abstract":"We give, in this paper, the analytical expression for the field diffracted by a spatialy limited plane periodic grating. The illumination is first assumed to be completely coherent. The influence of the finite size of the objet on the Fresnel patterns is analysed by means of new « Fourier pseudo-coefficients ». We also analyse the partially coherent illumination case.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129153345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/7/2/304
P. C. Mehta
Single exposure, multiple-object holography has been compared with single-exposure, single-object holography. The fringe visibility and hence the diffraction efficiency of single exposure multiplexed hologram decreases rapidly as the number of objects increases. It has been shown that it is possible to record these holograms with the same diffraction efficiency as that of a single-object hologram, if due care is taken for exposure time and number of objects.
{"title":"On the recording of single exposure multiplexed hologram","authors":"P. C. Mehta","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/7/2/304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/7/2/304","url":null,"abstract":"Single exposure, multiple-object holography has been compared with single-exposure, single-object holography. The fringe visibility and hence the diffraction efficiency of single exposure multiplexed hologram decreases rapidly as the number of objects increases. It has been shown that it is possible to record these holograms with the same diffraction efficiency as that of a single-object hologram, if due care is taken for exposure time and number of objects.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126798970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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