Pub Date : 1975-07-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/307
M. Saisse
Spectrophotometric calibration methods for the ultraviolet, from 700 A to 3 500 A, have been developed at the Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale in connection with the D 2 B French Astronomical Satellite, of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales project, for the calibration of the EAS, ELZ and ERC instruments. After reviewing the parameters to be mesured and the precision required, we describe the adopted methods and the equipment that has been constructed. A few results of measurements are presented to illustrate the performance obtained.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric calibration design for the ultra violet from 700 to 3 500 Å","authors":"M. Saisse","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/307","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrophotometric calibration methods for the ultraviolet, from 700 A to 3 500 A, have been developed at the Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale in connection with the D 2 B French Astronomical Satellite, of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales project, for the calibration of the EAS, ELZ and ERC instruments. After reviewing the parameters to be mesured and the precision required, we describe the adopted methods and the equipment that has been constructed. A few results of measurements are presented to illustrate the performance obtained.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115230414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-07-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/306
J. Martin, R. Cano
A De Vries wave, in the helicoidal axis direction, can be regarded as superposition of two circular vibrations. When light is refracted by an interface cholesteric-isotropic medium, the two De Vries wave must give rise to four vibrations refracted in four distinct directions. Experiments presented here show the reality of this assumption and the measurements agree with theory.
{"title":"Experimental study of light refraction by a cholesteric prism","authors":"J. Martin, R. Cano","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/306","url":null,"abstract":"A De Vries wave, in the helicoidal axis direction, can be regarded as superposition of two circular vibrations. When light is refracted by an interface cholesteric-isotropic medium, the two De Vries wave must give rise to four vibrations refracted in four distinct directions. Experiments presented here show the reality of this assumption and the measurements agree with theory.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130521458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-07-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/304
G. Germain, G. Roblin
Jamin-Lebedeff's interferometer adapted for microscopy can produce a large lateral shear. It is also compensated for white light illumination working with large apertures. Unfortunately a half-wave plate assuming the compensation is not achromatic. Moreover a calcite crystal used in this interferometer is breakable. It will be shown that an association of two crystal plates whose birefringences have opposite sign offers an alternative solution. These crystal plates can't be either optically active nor too fragile and their birefringences ratio should not be too large. In addition the crystal placed in front of the objective must be more birefringent then the second one. Authors propose a combination of KDP and F2Mg crystals and have tried to achieve the best possible compensation. It is not however possible to fully compensate such a system to second order. This particular crystal association can not be either zero and second or first and second orders compensated. It has been shown that the best solution consists of a partial compensation of the second order assumed either in the direction of the shear or in the direction perpendicular to the shear. Using the crystal materials chosen as above a nearly optimized interferometer was realized without being entirely zero order compensated.
{"title":"Study of compensation of a lateral shearing Jamin-Lebedeff's interferometer","authors":"G. Germain, G. Roblin","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/304","url":null,"abstract":"Jamin-Lebedeff's interferometer adapted for microscopy can produce a large lateral shear. It is also compensated for white light illumination working with large apertures. Unfortunately a half-wave plate assuming the compensation is not achromatic. Moreover a calcite crystal used in this interferometer is breakable. It will be shown that an association of two crystal plates whose birefringences have opposite sign offers an alternative solution. These crystal plates can't be either optically active nor too fragile and their birefringences ratio should not be too large. In addition the crystal placed in front of the objective must be more birefringent then the second one. Authors propose a combination of KDP and F2Mg crystals and have tried to achieve the best possible compensation. It is not however possible to fully compensate such a system to second order. This particular crystal association can not be either zero and second or first and second orders compensated. It has been shown that the best solution consists of a partial compensation of the second order assumed either in the direction of the shear or in the direction perpendicular to the shear. Using the crystal materials chosen as above a nearly optimized interferometer was realized without being entirely zero order compensated.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131461345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-05-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/303
G. Ratier
The photoelectric polarimeter which is described associates the three major discoveries of B. Lyot: the coronagraph, the birefringent filter and the polarimeter. However it differs completely from the coronameter. It is possible to study many emission lines by tuning the birefringent filter. But the D3 helium line is mainly used. In 10 s of time, the polarimeter measures in a 5" diameter spot three quantities: monochromatic intensity, polarization ratio p, angular deviation from the limb: e. The instrument gives a polarimetric map of the prominence. Owing to its performances, it is possible to study fast moving objects such as active prominences.
{"title":"A polarimeter for monochromatic studies of solar prominences","authors":"G. Ratier","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/303","url":null,"abstract":"The photoelectric polarimeter which is described associates the three major discoveries of B. Lyot: the coronagraph, the birefringent filter and the polarimeter. However it differs completely from the coronameter. It is possible to study many emission lines by tuning the birefringent filter. But the D3 helium line is mainly used. In 10 s of time, the polarimeter measures in a 5\" diameter spot three quantities: monochromatic intensity, polarization ratio p, angular deviation from the limb: e. The instrument gives a polarimetric map of the prominence. Owing to its performances, it is possible to study fast moving objects such as active prominences.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128103604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-05-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/302
Y. Belvaux
This paper deals with the influence of emulsion thickness and absorption as well as the different recording parameters when reconstructing an hologram. The hologram of a plane wave recorded with a parallel reference beam is a set of equidistant layers inside the emulsion. When reconstructing this hologram, each layer acts as a narrow mirror, with a broad diffraction lobe. However, the large number of layers produces a «grating effect» and constructive interference occurs in only one direction, that corresponding to the reconstructed image. When the reconstruction beam has a different direction or wavelength than that of the reference beam, the angular or chromatic selectivity has been worked out taking into account the different rotations undergone by the diffraction direction and grating effect direction. The influence of emulsion shrinkage and absorption is also studied. It is shown that absorption has a great importance for back carrier holograms, but is negligible for transmission hologram.
{"title":"Influence of different recording parameters when reconstructing an hologram","authors":"Y. Belvaux","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/302","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the influence of emulsion thickness and absorption as well as the different recording parameters when reconstructing an hologram. The hologram of a plane wave recorded with a parallel reference beam is a set of equidistant layers inside the emulsion. When reconstructing this hologram, each layer acts as a narrow mirror, with a broad diffraction lobe. However, the large number of layers produces a «grating effect» and constructive interference occurs in only one direction, that corresponding to the reconstructed image. When the reconstruction beam has a different direction or wavelength than that of the reference beam, the angular or chromatic selectivity has been worked out taking into account the different rotations undergone by the diffraction direction and grating effect direction. The influence of emulsion shrinkage and absorption is also studied. It is shown that absorption has a great importance for back carrier holograms, but is negligible for transmission hologram.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125539628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-05-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/306
D. Lepère
Monochromators having a very single scanning mechanism similar to the Seya-Namioka type [1] have been designed in the past for the V. U. V. spectral range. They are working generally at normal incidence, the angle between the two fixed beams being chosen less than 70° in order to reduce the amount of astigmatism (ASM 50 [2] or H 20 monochromators manufactured by Jobin-Yvon). However such type of mountings are presently limited at wavelengths longer than 800 A by the low efficiency of the reflecting power of the coatings generally used. At high incidence angle, we find low efficiency caused by astigmatism, accompanied by an equivalent reduction in energy throughput. Efforts have been made to correct this astigmatism in part by using a holographic grating. However, for short wavelengths at grazing incidence, a spherical concave holographic grating cannot have much effect on the astigmatism. This has led us to using toroidal blanks.
{"title":"Monochromators with single grating rotation and holographic gratings on toroidal blanks for vacuum ultraviolet","authors":"D. Lepère","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/306","url":null,"abstract":"Monochromators having a very single scanning mechanism similar to the Seya-Namioka type [1] have been designed in the past for the V. U. V. spectral range. They are working generally at normal incidence, the angle between the two fixed beams being chosen less than 70° in order to reduce the amount of astigmatism (ASM 50 [2] or H 20 monochromators manufactured by Jobin-Yvon). However such type of mountings are presently limited at wavelengths longer than 800 A by the low efficiency of the reflecting power of the coatings generally used. At high incidence angle, we find low efficiency caused by astigmatism, accompanied by an equivalent reduction in energy throughput. Efforts have been made to correct this astigmatism in part by using a holographic grating. However, for short wavelengths at grazing incidence, a spherical concave holographic grating cannot have much effect on the astigmatism. This has led us to using toroidal blanks.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130247060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-05-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/107
P. C. Mehta
Fourier holograms are produced using the classical geometry and they are observed in transmission and in reflection. The behaviour of the hologram in these two cases is studied.
傅立叶全息图是使用经典几何图形产生的，它们在传输和反射中被观察到。研究了这两种情况下全息图的行为。
{"title":"Reflection behaviour of transmission holograms","authors":"P. C. Mehta","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/107","url":null,"abstract":"Fourier holograms are produced using the classical geometry and they are observed in transmission and in reflection. The behaviour of the hologram in these two cases is studied.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121742197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-05-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/305
J. Meriaux, C. Schneider, R. Goutte, C. Guillaud
We describe an apparatus in order to analyse the first layers of a metallic or insulating solid. This instrument, based on the atomic ionluminescence phenomenon, gives, like a cine-camera, a characteristic picture of each sputtered layer, a few angstroms thick. Moreover, when several elements are present in the target, it is possible to obtain, almost at the same time, the characteristic pictures of two different elements that we want to locate at the surface. So as to show the possibilities of this apparatus, we present some photographs taken from a film which correspond to the superficial concentration of the two elements of a Al/NaCl target. We explain the results using the «back-scattering» and «forward-scattering» processes.
{"title":"The study of superficial phenomena with the ionoluminescence cine-camera","authors":"J. Meriaux, C. Schneider, R. Goutte, C. Guillaud","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/305","url":null,"abstract":"We describe an apparatus in order to analyse the first layers of a metallic or insulating solid. This instrument, based on the atomic ionluminescence phenomenon, gives, like a cine-camera, a characteristic picture of each sputtered layer, a few angstroms thick. Moreover, when several elements are present in the target, it is possible to obtain, almost at the same time, the characteristic pictures of two different elements that we want to locate at the surface. So as to show the possibilities of this apparatus, we present some photographs taken from a film which correspond to the superficial concentration of the two elements of a Al/NaCl target. We explain the results using the «back-scattering» and «forward-scattering» processes.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"470 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123042744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-05-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/304
S. Bensammar, B. Batz, F. Dampierre
We review briefly atmospheric limitations of ground based infrared astronomical observations, and describe a phototype photometer used to study them.
本文简要介绍了地面红外天文观测的大气限制，并介绍了一种用于研究地面红外天文观测的光度计。
{"title":"A prototype two channel infrared photometer designed for study and compensation of sky noise","authors":"S. Bensammar, B. Batz, F. Dampierre","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/3/304","url":null,"abstract":"We review briefly atmospheric limitations of ground based infrared astronomical observations, and describe a phototype photometer used to study them.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127699666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-03-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/2/306
J. Marioge
This paper presents the theoretical hypothesis by which grinding and polishing of optical glass surfaces has been explained by several authors.
本文提出了几位作者解释光学玻璃表面磨削和抛光的理论假设。
{"title":"Theoretical hypothesis on grinding and polishing of optical glass surfaces","authors":"J. Marioge","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/2/306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/2/306","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the theoretical hypothesis by which grinding and polishing of optical glass surfaces has been explained by several authors.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117242892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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