Pub Date : 1975-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/305
C. Imbert, Y. Lévy
When a beam of light is totally reflected by a plane interface, a translation depending on its polarization occurs: one shift Lx is parallel to the incident plane π and the other Ly is perpendicular to π. Both the longitudinal Lx and the transverse shifts Ly are quantized, each having two eigenvalues which are the principal linear polarization states for Lx and the circularly polarized states for Ly. Thus the longitudinal and the transverse shifts should not be simultaneously observable. A very strong amplification of these shifts could be obtained by using a multilayered structure. Measurements have been done, giving 50 μm for Lx and 30 μm for Ly.
{"title":"Displacement of a totally reflected light beam: filtering of he polarization states and amplification","authors":"C. Imbert, Y. Lévy","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/305","url":null,"abstract":"When a beam of light is totally reflected by a plane interface, a translation depending on its polarization occurs: one shift Lx is parallel to the incident plane π and the other Ly is perpendicular to π. Both the longitudinal Lx and the transverse shifts Ly are quantized, each having two eigenvalues which are the principal linear polarization states for Lx and the circularly polarized states for Ly. Thus the longitudinal and the transverse shifts should not be simultaneously observable. A very strong amplification of these shifts could be obtained by using a multilayered structure. Measurements have been done, giving 50 μm for Lx and 30 μm for Ly.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134471345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/306
L. Felsen, S. Choudhary
A new theory has recently been developed whereby local inhomogeneous plane wave fields of the form A(r) exp[ikS(r)], with A and S complex, are tracked in a manner analogous to that employed for local homogeneous plane wave (geometric optical) fields with real A and S. After a review of the theory, the present discussion involves application to evanescent fields exterior to curved dielectric layers supporting trapped modes. By this method, the propagating mode fields inside the layer are used to furnish fields at the layer boundaries, which serve as initial values for the tracking of weakly evanescent fields in the exterior region. The tracking proceeds by first determining the « phase paths » and phase fronts of the evanescent field and therefrom, by suitable integration along such paths, the complex phase S and the complex amplitude A. The degree of evanescence of the field is intimately connected with the configuration of phase paths and phase fronts which thus provide physical insights similar to those gained from ray diagrams for non-evanescent waves. Because the fields are tracked locally, the method has considerable versatility in dealing with perturbations, scattering, etc., of evanescent waves.
{"title":"A new look at evanescent waves","authors":"L. Felsen, S. Choudhary","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/306","url":null,"abstract":"A new theory has recently been developed whereby local inhomogeneous plane wave fields of the form A(r) exp[ikS(r)], with A and S complex, are tracked in a manner analogous to that employed for local homogeneous plane wave (geometric optical) fields with real A and S. After a review of the theory, the present discussion involves application to evanescent fields exterior to curved dielectric layers supporting trapped modes. By this method, the propagating mode fields inside the layer are used to furnish fields at the layer boundaries, which serve as initial values for the tracking of weakly evanescent fields in the exterior region. The tracking proceeds by first determining the « phase paths » and phase fronts of the evanescent field and therefrom, by suitable integration along such paths, the complex phase S and the complex amplitude A. The degree of evanescence of the field is intimately connected with the configuration of phase paths and phase fronts which thus provide physical insights similar to those gained from ray diagrams for non-evanescent waves. Because the fields are tracked locally, the method has considerable versatility in dealing with perturbations, scattering, etc., of evanescent waves.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129221674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/304
T. Tamir
The basic properties, applications and future potential uses of leaky waves in integrated optics are presented. It is first noted that, in addition to surface waves, the fields excited by realistic sources along thin films also include leaky waves. These fields can be described by inhomogeneous plane waves that bounce between the film boundaries and radiate energy into the exterior open regions. Leaky wave fields on multilayered and periodic media are examined and their role in beam and waveguide couplers is discussed. Finally, the construction of structures having variable leakage is described and their capabilities in providing a wide range of beam transformations are outlined.
{"title":"Leaky waves in planar optical waveguides","authors":"T. Tamir","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/304","url":null,"abstract":"The basic properties, applications and future potential uses of leaky waves in integrated optics are presented. It is first noted that, in addition to surface waves, the fields excited by realistic sources along thin films also include leaky waves. These fields can be described by inhomogeneous plane waves that bounce between the film boundaries and radiate energy into the exterior open regions. Leaky wave fields on multilayered and periodic media are examined and their role in beam and waveguide couplers is discussed. Finally, the construction of structures having variable leakage is described and their capabilities in providing a wide range of beam transformations are outlined.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116516875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/301
Y. Levy
{"title":"Colloque sur L'optique des ondes guid?es Paris, 8-11 April 1975","authors":"Y. Levy","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125809095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/307
J. Clair, J. Frejlich, J. Jonathan, L. Torres
Physicochemical treatments are proposed to optimize the properties of negative photoresists. These materials are used to realize phase filters and components for integrated optics.
提出了优化负光刻胶性能的物理化学处理方法。这些材料用于实现集成光学的相位滤波器和元件。
{"title":"Negative photoresists and integrated optics","authors":"J. Clair, J. Frejlich, J. Jonathan, L. Torres","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/307","url":null,"abstract":"Physicochemical treatments are proposed to optimize the properties of negative photoresists. These materials are used to realize phase filters and components for integrated optics.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132438031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-09-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/302
R. Ulrich
Planar optical waveguides, permitting light-propagation in only two dimensions, can be used to form images of one-dimensional objects. In one arrangment, the paths of light-rays on the guide are determined by the distribution of the effective refractive index over the regions of the guide, resulting in two-dimensional optical systems. Another possibility, existing in thick, multimode planar guides is the utilisation of self-focussing or self-imaging properties. All these imaging methods are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the most recent method of self-imaging.
{"title":"Light-propagation and imaging in planar optical waveguides","authors":"R. Ulrich","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/5/302","url":null,"abstract":"Planar optical waveguides, permitting light-propagation in only two dimensions, can be used to form images of one-dimensional objects. In one arrangment, the paths of light-rays on the guide are determined by the distribution of the effective refractive index over the regions of the guide, resulting in two-dimensional optical systems. Another possibility, existing in thick, multimode planar guides is the utilisation of self-focussing or self-imaging properties. All these imaging methods are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the most recent method of self-imaging.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117039091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-07-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/301
J. Ohtsubo, T. Asakura
The statistical properties of speckle intensity variations produced by partially spatially coherent light in the diffraction and image field of a diffusely transmitting object are studied experimentally with intimate connection to its surface roughness. The probability distribution and the average contrast of intensity variations in speckle patterns are investigated as a function of the surface roughness of the object and the position of a receiving plane. It becomes clear that the statistical properties of speckles strongly depend not only on the surface roughness of the object and the spatial coherence of illumination but also on the position of the receiving plane.
{"title":"Statistical properties of speckle intensity variations in the diffraction field under illumination of partially coherent light","authors":"J. Ohtsubo, T. Asakura","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/301","url":null,"abstract":"The statistical properties of speckle intensity variations produced by partially spatially coherent light in the diffraction and image field of a diffusely transmitting object are studied experimentally with intimate connection to its surface roughness. The probability distribution and the average contrast of intensity variations in speckle patterns are investigated as a function of the surface roughness of the object and the position of a receiving plane. It becomes clear that the statistical properties of speckles strongly depend not only on the surface roughness of the object and the spatial coherence of illumination but also on the position of the receiving plane.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114877447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-07-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/302
Ch. Deckers
We present a theoretical analysis of miore fringes formation with partially coherent light. This analysis is based on the propagation laws of the mutual coherence function. Γ. With perfectly coherent light (i.e. laser light) the fringe visibility is maximum only in the Fourier planes. We show the existence of « critical coherence » field srtuctures which reduce the fringe visibility even in he Fourier planes. This analysis shows that periodic object image formation is strongly influenced by the coherence strucure of the light field.
{"title":"Influence of partially coherent illunination on the moiré process","authors":"Ch. Deckers","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/302","url":null,"abstract":"We present a theoretical analysis of miore fringes formation with partially coherent light. This analysis is based on the propagation laws of the mutual coherence function. Γ. With perfectly coherent light (i.e. laser light) the fringe visibility is maximum only in the Fourier planes. We show the existence of « critical coherence » field srtuctures which reduce the fringe visibility even in he Fourier planes. This analysis shows that periodic object image formation is strongly influenced by the coherence strucure of the light field.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"12 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132737381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-07-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/305
Kehar Singh, R. Rattan
The diffraction image of an incoherent bright annular test object is obtained by using Fourier-Hankel transform method. The effect of longitudinal sinusoidal vibrations has been studied and results are given in graphical form for various sizes of the object. It is observed that in certain cases the presence of vibrations completely distorts the object. Hence a detailed analysis of image intensity distribution should prove useful in aerial reconnaissance work and performance evaluation tests.
{"title":"Images of an incoherent annulus in the presence of longitudinal vibrations","authors":"Kehar Singh, R. Rattan","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/305","url":null,"abstract":"The diffraction image of an incoherent bright annular test object is obtained by using Fourier-Hankel transform method. The effect of longitudinal sinusoidal vibrations has been studied and results are given in graphical form for various sizes of the object. It is observed that in certain cases the presence of vibrations completely distorts the object. Hence a detailed analysis of image intensity distribution should prove useful in aerial reconnaissance work and performance evaluation tests.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122886705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-07-01DOI: 10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/303
D. Canals‐Frau
We show that the transverse displacement of a totally reflected light beam calculated by the phase-shift method is the projection of the longitudinal displacement on the right section of Imbert's prism; and that the phase of the reflected beam has no derivative when the incident angle is the critical angle of total reflection. Based on Ashby and Miller's (1973) work we get general expression for this displacement. We obtain non-linear terms in m (number of reflections) when the beam takes a helical path in Imbert's total reflection prism. And we discuss the conditions requiered to find Ashby and Miller's and Julia and Neveu's (1973) expressions. When the light beam remains in the right section of Imbert's isosceles prism the phase-shift calculated transverse displacement is zero whereas the energy flux conservation method and Imbert's (1970) and Levy's (1973) experiments give non-zero results.
{"title":"Transverse displacement ol a totally reflected light beam and phase-shift method","authors":"D. Canals‐Frau","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/6/4/303","url":null,"abstract":"We show that the transverse displacement of a totally reflected light beam calculated by the phase-shift method is the projection of the longitudinal displacement on the right section of Imbert's prism; and that the phase of the reflected beam has no derivative when the incident angle is the critical angle of total reflection. Based on Ashby and Miller's (1973) work we get general expression for this displacement. We obtain non-linear terms in m (number of reflections) when the beam takes a helical path in Imbert's total reflection prism. And we discuss the conditions requiered to find Ashby and Miller's and Julia and Neveu's (1973) expressions. When the light beam remains in the right section of Imbert's isosceles prism the phase-shift calculated transverse displacement is zero whereas the energy flux conservation method and Imbert's (1970) and Levy's (1973) experiments give non-zero results.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115045121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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