Pub Date : 2015-03-03DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101481
E. Delgado, A. Barreiro, M. Díaz-Cacho, Pablo Falcón
The aim of the wheel slip controllers is to provide certain degree of slip on each wheel independently, maximizing the friction between the tire and road, avoiding simultaneously its lock and so it implements a braking control strategy to generate independent brake forces at each wheel. On the other hand, reset control is able to overcome fundamental limitations of linear and time invariant controllers, and thus a reset controller, a standard linear controller that, at some instants, resets to zero its internal states, may be designed to simultaneously improve speed of response and robustness. In this way an efficient solution can be enhanced by the application of reset controllers to brake systems. In a recent work presented by the authors is defined a wheel slip reset controller, based on a PI+CI controller, versatile and with a simple design, that simultaneously presents improved performance, decreasing the braking distance in several road conditions while maintaining as far as possible appropriate driving characteristics of the vehicle, and also is robust against technological limitations such as model uncertainties, actuator saturation and time delay in communications. This paper presents some ideas about the analysis and tuning of this wheel slip PI+CI reset controller.
{"title":"Performance analysis of wheel slip reset controller in brake systems","authors":"E. Delgado, A. Barreiro, M. Díaz-Cacho, Pablo Falcón","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101481","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the wheel slip controllers is to provide certain degree of slip on each wheel independently, maximizing the friction between the tire and road, avoiding simultaneously its lock and so it implements a braking control strategy to generate independent brake forces at each wheel. On the other hand, reset control is able to overcome fundamental limitations of linear and time invariant controllers, and thus a reset controller, a standard linear controller that, at some instants, resets to zero its internal states, may be designed to simultaneously improve speed of response and robustness. In this way an efficient solution can be enhanced by the application of reset controllers to brake systems. In a recent work presented by the authors is defined a wheel slip reset controller, based on a PI+CI controller, versatile and with a simple design, that simultaneously presents improved performance, decreasing the braking distance in several road conditions while maintaining as far as possible appropriate driving characteristics of the vehicle, and also is robust against technological limitations such as model uncertainties, actuator saturation and time delay in communications. This paper presents some ideas about the analysis and tuning of this wheel slip PI+CI reset controller.","PeriodicalId":287492,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles (ESARS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125578504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-03DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101439
W. Koczara, T. Balkowiec
Paper presents new topology of an AC boost rectifier that is used to draw the sinusoidal current from single phase overhead traction supply system through single phase transformer delivering 50 or 16.7Hz voltage depending on traction technology. The AC boost rectifier means that it operates as power factor correction. The topology of the boost rectifier system is modification of Warsaw and Vienna rectifier but it is adapted to two phase system. The boost rectifier delivers two DC stabilized voltages that are dedicated to supply 3 level DC/AC converter. The paper presents theory of the boost rectifier supported by state equations system, equivalent diagrams and simulation of an example 80 kW auxiliary power system used in locomotives.
{"title":"Boost rectifier providing DC controlled voltage dedicated to AC traction auxiliary supply application","authors":"W. Koczara, T. Balkowiec","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101439","url":null,"abstract":"Paper presents new topology of an AC boost rectifier that is used to draw the sinusoidal current from single phase overhead traction supply system through single phase transformer delivering 50 or 16.7Hz voltage depending on traction technology. The AC boost rectifier means that it operates as power factor correction. The topology of the boost rectifier system is modification of Warsaw and Vienna rectifier but it is adapted to two phase system. The boost rectifier delivers two DC stabilized voltages that are dedicated to supply 3 level DC/AC converter. The paper presents theory of the boost rectifier supported by state equations system, equivalent diagrams and simulation of an example 80 kW auxiliary power system used in locomotives.","PeriodicalId":287492,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles (ESARS)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121470148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-03DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101535
M. Steurer, F. Bogdan, M. Bosworth, O. Faruque, J. Hauer, K. Schoder, M. Sloderbeck, D. Soto, K. Sun, M. Winkelnkemper, L. Schwager, P. Błaszczyk
The recent development of modular multilevel converters (MMC) provides new opportunities for medium voltage DC (MVDC) systems for all electric ship design and offshore wind parks. Therefore, the Center for Advanced Power Systems at Florida State University has recently commissioned a new MVDC power-hardware-in-the-loop laboratory rated at 5 MW at DC voltages between 6...24 kV. The new lab features four individual MMCs, each composed of 36 full-bridge cells, and capable of delivering 210 A at 0...6 kV. This paper describes the entire system in detail, including the advanced current and voltage control concepts along with the state of the art digital control hardware. Selected commissioning results demonstrate the performance of the system under dynamic conditions and provide comparison with simulations obtained from a corresponding controller hardware-in-the-loop setup which is also described in the paper.
{"title":"Multifunctional megawatt scale medium voltage DC test bed based on modular multilevel converter (MMC) technology","authors":"M. Steurer, F. Bogdan, M. Bosworth, O. Faruque, J. Hauer, K. Schoder, M. Sloderbeck, D. Soto, K. Sun, M. Winkelnkemper, L. Schwager, P. Błaszczyk","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101535","url":null,"abstract":"The recent development of modular multilevel converters (MMC) provides new opportunities for medium voltage DC (MVDC) systems for all electric ship design and offshore wind parks. Therefore, the Center for Advanced Power Systems at Florida State University has recently commissioned a new MVDC power-hardware-in-the-loop laboratory rated at 5 MW at DC voltages between 6...24 kV. The new lab features four individual MMCs, each composed of 36 full-bridge cells, and capable of delivering 210 A at 0...6 kV. This paper describes the entire system in detail, including the advanced current and voltage control concepts along with the state of the art digital control hardware. Selected commissioning results demonstrate the performance of the system under dynamic conditions and provide comparison with simulations obtained from a corresponding controller hardware-in-the-loop setup which is also described in the paper.","PeriodicalId":287492,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles (ESARS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126318828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-03DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101463
K. Thantirige, A. Rathore, S. K. Panda, Gamini Jayasignhe, M. Zagrodnik, A. Gupta
An increasing number of ships are being integrated with electric propulsion systems and a significant proportion of these require variable frequency drives in the multi-megawatt range. At such large power, medium voltage AC (MVAC) drive offers numerous advantages over low voltage AC (LVAC) solution. This paper examines the state-of-the art MV drives and their development trends for marine applications. Further, a review is carried out on multilevel converter (MLC) topologies suitable for high power ship propulsion drives. A variety of topologies are evaluated for marine applications based their specific requirements. From the review, it is concluded that hybrid solution seems the most attractive option for the specified application.
{"title":"Medium voltage multilevel converters for ship electric propulsion drives","authors":"K. Thantirige, A. Rathore, S. K. Panda, Gamini Jayasignhe, M. Zagrodnik, A. Gupta","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101463","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of ships are being integrated with electric propulsion systems and a significant proportion of these require variable frequency drives in the multi-megawatt range. At such large power, medium voltage AC (MVAC) drive offers numerous advantages over low voltage AC (LVAC) solution. This paper examines the state-of-the art MV drives and their development trends for marine applications. Further, a review is carried out on multilevel converter (MLC) topologies suitable for high power ship propulsion drives. A variety of topologies are evaluated for marine applications based their specific requirements. From the review, it is concluded that hybrid solution seems the most attractive option for the specified application.","PeriodicalId":287492,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles (ESARS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129139854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-03DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101501
L. Fusco, M. Pagano
An essential step toward the development of intelligent and efficient technologies applied to complex systems is to provide self-diagnosing capability. For this to happen, sensors, data analysis, fault detection, and health assessment must be interconnected. This paper discusses on a predictive diagnostic strategy that can be used to monitor the aging of railway power converter units.
{"title":"An approach to design a prognostic based maintenance strategy for railway power converter unit","authors":"L. Fusco, M. Pagano","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101501","url":null,"abstract":"An essential step toward the development of intelligent and efficient technologies applied to complex systems is to provide self-diagnosing capability. For this to happen, sensors, data analysis, fault detection, and health assessment must be interconnected. This paper discusses on a predictive diagnostic strategy that can be used to monitor the aging of railway power converter units.","PeriodicalId":287492,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles (ESARS)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132026746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-03DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101504
P. Dost, P. Spichartz, C. Sourkounis
Most of the recent studies dealing with electric vehicles (EV) are based on assumptions in order to describe the behaviours of EV. To enhance the precision of these studies, data sets from real measurements are required. This paper shows EV consumptions which are based on measurements from a field test. This field test was realised with over 500 testing people who are a representative group for a greater population as present in Germany. The boundary conditions of the field test are explained in detail before the results are presented and discussed. The temperature effect on the consumption as well as the influence of the track length are illustrated separately for battery electric vehicles and extended range electric vehicles. Additionally details of consumption of different devices within the vehicle are shown.
{"title":"Temperature influence on state-of-the-art electric vehicles' consumption based on fleet measurements","authors":"P. Dost, P. Spichartz, C. Sourkounis","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101504","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the recent studies dealing with electric vehicles (EV) are based on assumptions in order to describe the behaviours of EV. To enhance the precision of these studies, data sets from real measurements are required. This paper shows EV consumptions which are based on measurements from a field test. This field test was realised with over 500 testing people who are a representative group for a greater population as present in Germany. The boundary conditions of the field test are explained in detail before the results are presented and discussed. The temperature effect on the consumption as well as the influence of the track length are illustrated separately for battery electric vehicles and extended range electric vehicles. Additionally details of consumption of different devices within the vehicle are shown.","PeriodicalId":287492,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles (ESARS)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132403095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-03DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101454
S. Zeljkovic, Radovan Vuletic, Andreas Miller, Alann Denais
This paper presents a control algorithm of active power flow between traction battery and grid in a dual active bridge converter (DAB). Here, DAB is a part of a three phase 10kW bidirectional on-board charger in electric vehicles (EVs). It is an isolated interface to the battery placed after a three phase power factor correction (PFC) stage. 1200V rated SiC JFETs in the H-bridge at the DC link side of DAB enable operation at high voltage values of the DC link (above 500V) with high switching frequencies in the range from 50 to 150 kHz. Both high converter efficiency and simplified, compact converter design can be achieved thanks to the application of these wide band gap (WBG) devices. Furthermore, the control algorithm is presented to achieve the fast reference tracking even in the case when, due to simplicity of sensing, only average values of currents of both battery and DC link are being regulated.
{"title":"Control of SiC-based dual active bridge in high power three phase on-board charger of EVs","authors":"S. Zeljkovic, Radovan Vuletic, Andreas Miller, Alann Denais","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101454","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a control algorithm of active power flow between traction battery and grid in a dual active bridge converter (DAB). Here, DAB is a part of a three phase 10kW bidirectional on-board charger in electric vehicles (EVs). It is an isolated interface to the battery placed after a three phase power factor correction (PFC) stage. 1200V rated SiC JFETs in the H-bridge at the DC link side of DAB enable operation at high voltage values of the DC link (above 500V) with high switching frequencies in the range from 50 to 150 kHz. Both high converter efficiency and simplified, compact converter design can be achieved thanks to the application of these wide band gap (WBG) devices. Furthermore, the control algorithm is presented to achieve the fast reference tracking even in the case when, due to simplicity of sensing, only average values of currents of both battery and DC link are being regulated.","PeriodicalId":287492,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles (ESARS)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131917601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-03DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101505
P. Spichartz, P. Dost, C. Sourkounis
Extended range electric vehicles offer the possibility to generate electrical energy with a setup of combustion engine and generator when the state of charge of the traction battery is low. As a result, the overall range can be extended to familiar values. The dimensioning of the purely electric range, i.e. the possible cruising range without use of the combustion engine, has much influence on the selling price and on the possible amortisation of the higher initial costs with respect to a comparable conventional car. In this paper, driven distances and consumptions of extended range electric vehicles which were measured during a field test are presented and discussed. The vehicles were used by private persons and by companies. A cost analysis is conducted to identify the necessary electric range for an early amortisation.
{"title":"Evaluation of electric range demands of EV and EREV on the basis of field test data","authors":"P. Spichartz, P. Dost, C. Sourkounis","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101505","url":null,"abstract":"Extended range electric vehicles offer the possibility to generate electrical energy with a setup of combustion engine and generator when the state of charge of the traction battery is low. As a result, the overall range can be extended to familiar values. The dimensioning of the purely electric range, i.e. the possible cruising range without use of the combustion engine, has much influence on the selling price and on the possible amortisation of the higher initial costs with respect to a comparable conventional car. In this paper, driven distances and consumptions of extended range electric vehicles which were measured during a field test are presented and discussed. The vehicles were used by private persons and by companies. A cost analysis is conducted to identify the necessary electric range for an early amortisation.","PeriodicalId":287492,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles (ESARS)","volume":"41 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133072440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-03DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101434
T. Ogawa, S. Manabe, Yoichi Imamura, Shingo Minobe, Junya Kawamura, Suguru Hiramatsu, Masahisa Kageyama, N. Shimada
Authors have developed a train running energy simulator with some functions of speed profile generators and an equivalent feeding circuit model for the purpose of the energy estimation of commercial train running. Energy consumption depends on feeding voltage, which varies according to the running position of the train and the condition of other running trains. Therefore, the developed simulator has an equivalent feeding circuit model for commercial train running. This paper verifies the developed simulator using recorded running data of commercial trains.
{"title":"Development of a train running energy simulator for commercial train running","authors":"T. Ogawa, S. Manabe, Yoichi Imamura, Shingo Minobe, Junya Kawamura, Suguru Hiramatsu, Masahisa Kageyama, N. Shimada","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101434","url":null,"abstract":"Authors have developed a train running energy simulator with some functions of speed profile generators and an equivalent feeding circuit model for the purpose of the energy estimation of commercial train running. Energy consumption depends on feeding voltage, which varies according to the running position of the train and the condition of other running trains. Therefore, the developed simulator has an equivalent feeding circuit model for commercial train running. This paper verifies the developed simulator using recorded running data of commercial trains.","PeriodicalId":287492,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles (ESARS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129057382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-03DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101472
A. Vicenzutti, E. De Din, G. Sulligoi
Recent advancements in power electronics are making it feasible to build high power DC distribution systems. Their adoption is expected to bring new solutions in terms of Power Quality and integration of energy storage systems and electronic drives on board. The increasing interest in high-power onboard applications, such as in ships or railway transportation, led to the rise in voltage levels, which in turn caused an increase in short-circuit currents; therefore, a careful assessment has to be done to design system protections. Moreover, in onboard power systems, a continuous connection to the grid is not feasible (except in rare cases, such as trains), so power generation is usually made using rectified synchronous generators. The absence of a constant-voltage infinite-power bus complicates short-circuit currents calculation, making necessary to consider generators internal dynamics during short circuit transients. In this paper two different approaches to evaluate DC short circuit currents are proposed. A dual validation is done, through a first comparison with IEC 61660-1 Standard and then using time-domain simulation of a circuit model, under the constant supply voltage hypothesis. Then, the synchronous generator supply is considered, and its internal dynamics impact on DC short-circuit currents is assessed. Proper case studies are presented, to show the differences between the proposed approaches.
{"title":"Transient short circuit analysis in DC on-board distribution systems fed by synchronous generators through 6-pulse diode rectifiers","authors":"A. Vicenzutti, E. De Din, G. Sulligoi","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101472","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in power electronics are making it feasible to build high power DC distribution systems. Their adoption is expected to bring new solutions in terms of Power Quality and integration of energy storage systems and electronic drives on board. The increasing interest in high-power onboard applications, such as in ships or railway transportation, led to the rise in voltage levels, which in turn caused an increase in short-circuit currents; therefore, a careful assessment has to be done to design system protections. Moreover, in onboard power systems, a continuous connection to the grid is not feasible (except in rare cases, such as trains), so power generation is usually made using rectified synchronous generators. The absence of a constant-voltage infinite-power bus complicates short-circuit currents calculation, making necessary to consider generators internal dynamics during short circuit transients. In this paper two different approaches to evaluate DC short circuit currents are proposed. A dual validation is done, through a first comparison with IEC 61660-1 Standard and then using time-domain simulation of a circuit model, under the constant supply voltage hypothesis. Then, the synchronous generator supply is considered, and its internal dynamics impact on DC short-circuit currents is assessed. Proper case studies are presented, to show the differences between the proposed approaches.","PeriodicalId":287492,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles (ESARS)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115778067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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