Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System最新文献

{"title":"Ocular gene therapy a cutting-edge treatment","authors":"R. Shah","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2022.12.00418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2022.12.00418","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287670,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131438881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The significance of hyper-reflective spots in OCT imaging in retinal diseases","authors":"Ahmed Darwish ","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2022.12.00417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2022.12.00417","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287670,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133913296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maculopathy secondary to accidental laser beam exposure during alexandrite laser device repair","authors":"L. Balyen","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2022.12.00416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2022.12.00416","url":null,"abstract":"Lasers have become widely used in various sectors such as industrial, military, social settings, and as well as cosmetic. Laser epilation is an increasingly popular method of hair removal. However, if not used with care, it can cause serious ophthalmological and psychological disorders; this may lead to job loss and economic loss. Eye injuries in the workplace are quite common worldwide, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. The retina is the most vulnerable tissue to laser-related injury, which can lead to serious needless visual impairment. Therefore, precautions need to be taken to prevent such injuries, which could become a critical public health problem. This report relates to a 41-year-old female esthetician with unilateral maculopathy. An acute visual field defect occurred inadvertently with unplanned laser exposure while trying to repair Alexandrite laser device without any eye protection. Fundus examination, colour, red-free photography, fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed. This report is important because it will raise awareness within both the medical and public sectors about the risks of misuse of laser epilation devices.","PeriodicalId":287670,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System","volume":"378 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123953754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cutting-edge refractive surgery treatment option for Forme Frust keratoconus","authors":"R. Shah, Kamran Wali","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2022.12.00414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2022.12.00414","url":null,"abstract":"Forme Fruste keratoconus is a keratoectatic condition of keratoconus that is a rare, unilateral subclinical, abortive, and unusual syndrome. This case outlined a brief discussion of moderate cornea deformation due to mechanical form by prolonged contact lens use dominantly in one eye. It showed topography’s efficacy in discriminating clinical indices to determine corneal mild ecstatic condition, mainly by a practioner. Forme Fruste keratoconus associated with the mild refractive error may benefit from refractive surgery. Meticulous care must be considered before evaluating the preliminary examination of refractive surgery.","PeriodicalId":287670,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133834295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The knowledge of rural secondary school students on spectacle wear for correction of refractive errors: a south east Nigerian study","authors":"Nneka Ogbu, O. Arinze, N. Okoloagu, Ezeanosike Edak, Edmund Ndudi Ossa, Ireka William, Onyekachi Jane, C. Ogbonnaya, Chimdi Chuka Okosa","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2022.12.00412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2022.12.00412","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Uncorrected refractive error, the second commonest cause of preventable blindness globally, places a heavy burden on individuals and the society. Spectacles remain the cheapest mode of its correction. Despite the affordability and accessibility of spectacles, the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error remains high due to low demand for spectacles when needed. This could be related to knowledge regarding spectacle wear. Objective: To assess the knowledge of rural secondary school students in Ebonyi State on spectacle wear for correction of refractive errors with a view to improving their utilization of spectacle wear for refractive error correction. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of 11 randomly selected rural secondary schools in Ebonyi State, done from September, 2016 to December, 2016. The study instrument was a pretested, researcher-administered questionnaire with sub-fields on participant’s socio-demographics and knowledge of rural secondary school students towards spectacle wear for correction of refractive errors. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software for windows, version 22.0. Good knowledge of spectacle use was determined by proportion of students who correctly answered 50% of the questions. Descriptive statistics yield frequencies, percentages and proportions, analytical statistics utilized Chi-square or Fishers’ exact test for categorical variables, and student-t test for continuous variables. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 453 participants comprising 192 (42.4%) males and 261 (57.6%) females (M: F = 1:1.4) aged 11 to 18 with a mean age of 14.6 ± 1.8 SD years. Most (60.3%; n=273) of the respondents had good knowledge of spectacle wear for refractive error correction. Predictors of good knowledge included being: male, (AOR=0.5; 95% CI = 0.317-0.780), p< 0.002, junior class (AOR=0.6 95% CI: 0.420-0.989), p <0.044, father being self-employed (AOR=1.8,95% CI: 1.173- 2.858), p< 0.008, mother being self-employed (AOR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.173-0.795), p< 0.011 and mothers being unemployed (AOR=0.3, 95% CI: 0.104-0.857), p< 0.025. Conclusion: Knowledge of spectacle wear for correction of refractive error was generally good. However most of the participants had poor knowledge of the use of eye glasses for correction of refractive errors.","PeriodicalId":287670,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ophthalmology &amp; Visual System","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134251617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of corneal cross linkage (CXL) on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in keratoconus patients","authors":"Nusrat Waheed, M. Kamal, Shua Azam, P. Priyanka, Hubdar Ali, A. Kiran, Abdul Hameed Talpur","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2022.12.00409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2022.12.00409","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effect of corneal cross-linkage (CXL) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in keratoconus patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out at the Cornea Clinic of Al Ibrahim Eye Hospital Malir, Karachi. A total of 60 eyes of 36 subjects with progressive keratoconus with the age range of 15 to 31 years were fulfilling the criteria of the study. Subjects were selected with convenient sampling and subjects with a previous history of CXL were excluded from the study. A complete history of the patient, clinical examination with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and visual acuity (VA) with Snellen chart were recorded. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements of each subject were recorded with Goldman Applanation Tonometer (GAT) before and immediately after 15 minutes of CXL and on the 2nd day of CXL, 1month, and 3 months after CXL. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Results: The average preoperative measured intraocular pressure (IOP) was 20.22 +/- 3.97 mmHg. There was a statistically significant decrease in IOP measurements 18.96 +/- 3.73 mmHg on the same day after the corneal cross linkage procedure with (P 0.001) while there was no statistically significant change in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements was observed on the 2nd day, 1 month and 3 months after CXL. The postoperative mean of IOP measurements was 19.61 +/- 3.47 mmHg on the 2nd day, 19.67 +/- 3.14 mmHg on 1 month, and 19.33 +/- 3.64 mmHg at 3 months respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that reductions in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were observed on the immediate response of corneal cross-linkage (CXL) on the same day. This change might be due to immediate alteration in the biomechanics of the cornea during corneal cross-linkage. These changes return to the normal position later because no change was seen on different follow-ups of patients after CXL in eyes with keratoconus.","PeriodicalId":287670,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ophthalmology &amp; Visual System","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128811281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subretinal hard exudates","authors":"Ameen Marashi, Hina Khan","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2022.11.00407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2022.11.00407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287670,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ophthalmology &amp; Visual System","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129660344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of types of phorias in myopic patients before and after refractive correction","authors":"J. Maqbool, Abeera Amir, Aysha Iftikhar, Saad Saleem khan, Muhhammad Sami Husain, A. Batool","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2021.11.00406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2021.11.00406","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess the types of phorias in different degrees of myopic patients and different age groups before and after refractive correction. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Material and methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study that included 100 patients. Types of phorias in myopic patients were assessed before and after refractive correction. Patients involved are 15-35 years of age groups. Data was collected from the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital. Results: A total of 100 subjects were participated out of which 52% were males and 48% were females. 38% were 15-20 years, 42% were 21-25 years, 9% were 26-30 years, and 11% of participants were31-35 years of age. Visual acuity before the correction of refractive error was also recorded 42% of participants were observed with 6/6-6/12 visual acuity, 6/18-6/36 visual acuity was reported in 42% subjects and 16% subjects had <6/60 visual acuity. After the correction of myopic error 87% subjects had 6/6-6/12 and 13% subjects had 6/18-6/36 best corrected visual acuity. Degree of myopia was recorded mild in 42% participants, moderate in 42% subjects and severe in 16% subjects. Before the correction of myopia 21% participants were observed with esophoria, 54% had exophoria and 25% subjects were orthophoric. After refractive correction 13% participants were esophoric, 28% were exophoric and 59% were orthophoric while measuring horizontal phoria at distance. In vertical phoria before correction 14% participants were hyperphoria, 1% were hypophoria and 85% were orthophoric. After best correction 5% participants were recorded as hyperphoria, 1% were hypophoria and 94% were orthophoric. Conclusion: Horizontal and vertical phorias were evaluated at distance with Maddox rod. It is concluded that after correction the frequency of horizontal phorias is high than vertical phorias. In horizontal phorias exophoric pattern has significant frequency. Exophoria can also result due to weak fusional reserves. Fusional convergence eliminates the disparity of retinal images and maintain exophoria in myopic patients. So, convergence weakness and excess of divergence leads to exophoria in myopic patients. Mostly exophoric participants are reported from age range of 15 to 20 years. After refraction if patient still have asthenopia symptoms proper evaluation and management should be made for latent squint. By treating and managing the latent squint the chances of phorias to convert in manifest squint will be minimize.","PeriodicalId":287670,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ophthalmology &amp; Visual System","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125378082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amplitude of accommodation and age of onset of presbyopia in South-East, Nigeria","authors":"C. Anajekwu","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2021.11.00405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2021.11.00405","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the amplitude of accommodation and age of onset of presbyopia among adults in Onitsha, South-East Nigeria. Materials and methods: Participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling from 10 secondary schools in Onitsha. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on participants’ socio-demographic characteristics and ocular health. Ocular examination included distance and near visual acuity tests, refraction, external eye examination, funduscopy and measurement of amplitude of accommodation. Results: Three hundred and forty teachers made up of 63 males (18.5%) and 277 females (81.5%) were studied. The age range was 24 – 60 years; mean: 45.2±7.4SD years. The amplitude of accommodation ranged from 1.8 - 9.8 dioptres; mean: 4.7±2.7SD dioptres. Conclusions: Nigerian adults have lower amplitudes of accommodation than Caucasians of comparable age and may require presbyopic correction earlier than their Caucasian counterpart.","PeriodicalId":287670,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ophthalmology &amp; Visual System","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129371875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of tear film instability pre and post corneal collagen cross-linking procedure in keratoconus patients","authors":"Mariam Ahsan, M. Sattar, Asifa Saba, Asima saba, Sara sonum, A. Batool","doi":"10.15406/aovs.2021.11.00403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aovs.2021.11.00403","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate tear film instability in keratoconus patients pre and post CXL procedure. Study design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted at Al Ehsan Welfare eye hospital Lahore from 15th September, 2020 to 15th June, 2021. Materials and methods: Tear break-up time (TBUT) test was used for determining the stability of the tear film out of 30 patients diagnosed with mild, moderate and severe keratoconus and tear film stability was assessed before and after CXL procedure by measuring tear break up time. Data was collected by using non-probability convenient sampling method. The patients were excluded if they had any previous dry eye syndrome, tear film instability, refractive surgery, other ocular surface abnormalities, cataract surgery and contact lens use before the CXL procedure. Pre and post-operative tear break up time was measured by performing TUBT test. Patients were selected between the age 25 to 35 years. In TBUT, sodium fluorescein dye was used and the tear film was observed with slit lamp under low magnification while the patient was instructed to avoid blinking while time was calculated until first dry spot appearance. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis and Mcneemar’s test (kappa statistics) was applied with significance of p <0.05. Results: Results shows that pre CXL tear breakup time of 22 patients was normal (10-15) sec while 8 patients were observed with borderline tear break up time less than 10 sec with percentage of 73.3% and 26.7 % respectively. Results of Post TBUT after one week of CXL procedure shows variation in values of tear break up time which shows decrease of tear break up time less than 10 sec of 12 patients and 18 patients with significantly reduced tear break up time less than 5 sec was recorded with percentage of 40.% and 60. % respectively. After two weeks of procedure it was recorded that tear break up time of 4 patients was normal (10-15 sec) post tear break up time, while tear break up time of 18 patients was noted borderline (<10 sec) and 8 patient with reduced post tear break up time (<5sec) with percentage of 13.3 % , 60 % and 26.7% respectively. After one month of CXL the tear break up time was significantly improved as compared to one and two weeks of postoperative procedure of CXL as the corneal epithelium was regenerated. Conclusion: This study concludes that tear breakup time was significantly reduced after CXL procedure. TBUT was normal before the CXL but after CXL due to destruction of corneal epithelium the TBUT was reduced. Thus results reveals instability of tear films occurs after CXL procedure.","PeriodicalId":287670,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Ophthalmology &amp; Visual System","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125062394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}