Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.9734/or/2022/v16i230228
Rashmi Ramani, S. Banait
Background: It is essential to assess the corneal thickness in diabetes patient. Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a major cause of blindness throughout the worldDiabetic retinopathy is the most importance given on day to day basics studies especially for ophthalmologist studied indicators in eye. However, functional oddities have been recognised in cornea too like changes in central corneal thickness. Objectives: 1. To estimate the central corneal thickness (CCT) of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy age/sex matched normal people. 2. To measure central corneal thickness (CCT) of type 2 diabetes mellitus patient with diabetic retinopathy with age/ sex matched normal person. Methods: This is a hospital based case control study. Expected Results: The central corneal thickness is more in type 2 diabetes patients than non-diabetic individual.
{"title":"A Study of Corneal Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and without Diabetic Retinopathy","authors":"Rashmi Ramani, S. Banait","doi":"10.9734/or/2022/v16i230228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2022/v16i230228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is essential to assess the corneal thickness in diabetes patient. \u0000Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a major cause of blindness throughout the worldDiabetic retinopathy is the most importance given on day to day basics studies especially for ophthalmologist studied indicators in eye. However, functional oddities have been recognised in cornea too like changes in central corneal thickness. \u0000Objectives: 1. To estimate the central corneal thickness (CCT) of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy age/sex matched normal people. 2. To measure central corneal thickness (CCT) of type 2 diabetes mellitus patient with diabetic retinopathy with age/ sex matched normal person. \u0000Methods: This is a hospital based case control study. \u0000Expected Results: The central corneal thickness is more in type 2 diabetes patients than non-diabetic individual.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131107727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.9734/or/2022/v16i130227
Setiyobudi Riyanto, Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari, T. Gondhowiardjo, Suhardjo ., M. B. Sasongko
Aims: Image-guided systems are the gold standard for determining toric intraocular lens (IOL) axis alignment. However, their high cost prevents widespread use of these systems. As an alternative, a simpler and affordable method could be performed manually using a slit-lamp biomicroscope. This study aims to compare the accuracy of manual toric IOL axis marking using a slit-lamp compared to the CALLISTO eye image-guided system. Study Design: Prospective comparative Methods: In this prospective study, toric IOL axis alignment of 42 eyes with cataract and coexisting corneal astigmatism were evaluated using manual slitlamp method and CALLISTO eye image-guided method. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, amount of spherical and astigmatic refractive errors, and postoperative IOL axis alignment were evaluated. Intraclass correlation of the manual method was calculated and the difference of IOL axis alignment to the image-guided method was compared. Results: Toric IOL implantation reduced the amount of astigmatic refractive error from -1.63 ± 0.65 D to -0.50 ± 0.19 D in the image-guided group and from -1.93 ± -0.90 D to -0.87 ± 0.26 D in the manual slitlamp group. As many as 90.5% of eyes in the image-guided group and 81.0% of eyes in the manual slitlamp group reached the target induced astigmatism (p=0.38). Manual axis marking showed intraclass correlation of 99.3%. However, when the manual method was compared to the image-guided method a mean difference in axis alignment of 10.98o (95% confidence interval: 9.32o - 12.63o) was observed. Conclusions: Alignment of toric IOL axis using the manual method demonstrated a consistent result; yet producing a considerable difference to the result of the image-guided method.
{"title":"Accuracy of Toric Intraocular Lens Axis Alignment Using Manual Slit Lamp Method and CALLISTO Eye Image-Guided System","authors":"Setiyobudi Riyanto, Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari, T. Gondhowiardjo, Suhardjo ., M. B. Sasongko","doi":"10.9734/or/2022/v16i130227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2022/v16i130227","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Image-guided systems are the gold standard for determining toric intraocular lens (IOL) axis alignment. However, their high cost prevents widespread use of these systems. As an alternative, a simpler and affordable method could be performed manually using a slit-lamp biomicroscope. This study aims to compare the accuracy of manual toric IOL axis marking using a slit-lamp compared to the CALLISTO eye image-guided system. \u0000Study Design: Prospective comparative \u0000Methods: In this prospective study, toric IOL axis alignment of 42 eyes with cataract and coexisting corneal astigmatism were evaluated using manual slitlamp method and CALLISTO eye image-guided method. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, amount of spherical and astigmatic refractive errors, and postoperative IOL axis alignment were evaluated. Intraclass correlation of the manual method was calculated and the difference of IOL axis alignment to the image-guided method was compared. \u0000Results: Toric IOL implantation reduced the amount of astigmatic refractive error from -1.63 ± 0.65 D to -0.50 ± 0.19 D in the image-guided group and from -1.93 ± -0.90 D to -0.87 ± 0.26 D in the manual slitlamp group. As many as 90.5% of eyes in the image-guided group and 81.0% of eyes in the manual slitlamp group reached the target induced astigmatism (p=0.38). Manual axis marking showed intraclass correlation of 99.3%. However, when the manual method was compared to the image-guided method a mean difference in axis alignment of 10.98o (95% confidence interval: 9.32o - 12.63o) was observed. \u0000Conclusions: Alignment of toric IOL axis using the manual method demonstrated a consistent result; yet producing a considerable difference to the result of the image-guided method.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116954182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.9734/or/2022/v16i130225
Tilakaratne Dilahara, Kumarasinghe Malith
Aims: Main objective of this study was to describe the diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and associated factors of presumed ocular tuberculosis patients attending Central Chest Clinic, Colombo. Study Design, Place and Duration: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among all ocular tuberculosis patients referred to Central Chest Clinic, Colombo for treatment from 1st of January 2016 to 31st June 2018. Methodology: Pretested content validated secondary data extraction form was used. Socio-demographic and work-related characteristics were analysed using frequency distributions. Association between socio-demographic characteristics and factors associated with diagnosis, treatment and outcomes were analysed using Fisher-extract test. Results: Among study respondents, 52.6% showed abnormal ESR finding (>20mm), 17.8% displayed Chest X-ray abnormalities and 89.5% reported positive Tuberculin skin test (>14mm in diameter). Uveitis was the most common diagnosis (87.9%). Among Uveitis patients, 36.5% presented with posterior uveitis. Out of all ocular TB patients who have completed the treatment, 77.6% reported improvement of vision following the anti-TB treatment regimen. Duration of the treatment with anti-TB drugs was similar across all types of ocular diseases among Ocular TB patients (p=0.590). Conclusions: Large number of patients received treatment for 6 months with majority reported as improved vision on completion of treatment. Further prospective studies using primary data need to be conducted to have greater insight of the ocular tuberculosis in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes of Presumed Ocular Tuberculosis Patients Attending Central Chest Clinic, Colombo","authors":"Tilakaratne Dilahara, Kumarasinghe Malith","doi":"10.9734/or/2022/v16i130225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2022/v16i130225","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Main objective of this study was to describe the diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and associated factors of presumed ocular tuberculosis patients attending Central Chest Clinic, Colombo. \u0000Study Design, Place and Duration: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among all ocular tuberculosis patients referred to Central Chest Clinic, Colombo for treatment from 1st of January 2016 to 31st June 2018. \u0000Methodology: Pretested content validated secondary data extraction form was used. Socio-demographic and work-related characteristics were analysed using frequency distributions. Association between socio-demographic characteristics and factors associated with diagnosis, treatment and outcomes were analysed using Fisher-extract test. \u0000Results: Among study respondents, 52.6% showed abnormal ESR finding (>20mm), 17.8% displayed Chest X-ray abnormalities and 89.5% reported positive Tuberculin skin test (>14mm in diameter). Uveitis was the most common diagnosis (87.9%). Among Uveitis patients, 36.5% presented with posterior uveitis. Out of all ocular TB patients who have completed the treatment, 77.6% reported improvement of vision following the anti-TB treatment regimen. Duration of the treatment with anti-TB drugs was similar across all types of ocular diseases among Ocular TB patients (p=0.590). \u0000Conclusions: Large number of patients received treatment for 6 months with majority reported as improved vision on completion of treatment. Further prospective studies using primary data need to be conducted to have greater insight of the ocular tuberculosis in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132241907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-29DOI: 10.9734/or/2022/v16i130224
Thiago Sande Miguel, Vinicius Sande Miguel, Daniel Almeida da Costa, Maurício B Pereira
Aims :To describe Angioid Streaks and Systemic Pathologies Presentation of Case: T.A.N., male, 32 years old, lawyer, born in Rio de Janeiro, attends the routine ophthalmologic appointment without specific ophthalmologic complaints. In her previous pathological history, he claims not to have systemic comorbidities. Denies diabetes, eye trauma, previous eye surgeries and any eye pathologies. Denies previous ophthalmologic procedures, daily use of eye drops and family members with a history of glaucoma. Discussion: The patient in the report, up to the time of the consultation, claimed not to be aware of any systemic pathology and did not present any ocular complaints, not even knowing the findings of his fundus examination. Systemic associations should always be considered when diagnosing Angioid Streaks on funduscopy. Patients with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum must have their follow-up done in parallel with the dermatology service. Patients with hemoglobinopathies should be immediately referred for diagnostic clarification with the medical clinic team Conclusions: It is essential that specialists are familiarized with the peculiar appearance , their potential to produce retinal and subretinal complications and, especially, remember that this finding in funduscopy can be unique without being associated with systemic diseases.
{"title":"Angioid Streaks and Systemic Pathologies: Is This Association Always There?","authors":"Thiago Sande Miguel, Vinicius Sande Miguel, Daniel Almeida da Costa, Maurício B Pereira","doi":"10.9734/or/2022/v16i130224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2022/v16i130224","url":null,"abstract":"Aims :To describe Angioid Streaks and Systemic Pathologies \u0000Presentation of Case: T.A.N., male, 32 years old, lawyer, born in Rio de Janeiro, attends the routine ophthalmologic appointment without specific ophthalmologic complaints. \u0000In her previous pathological history, he claims not to have systemic comorbidities. Denies diabetes, eye trauma, previous eye surgeries and any eye pathologies. Denies previous ophthalmologic procedures, daily use of eye drops and family members with a history of glaucoma. \u0000Discussion: The patient in the report, up to the time of the consultation, claimed not to be aware of any systemic pathology and did not present any ocular complaints, not even knowing the findings of his fundus examination. Systemic associations should always be considered when diagnosing Angioid Streaks on funduscopy. Patients with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum must have their follow-up done in parallel with the dermatology service. Patients with hemoglobinopathies should be immediately referred for diagnostic clarification with the medical clinic team \u0000Conclusions: It is essential that specialists are familiarized with the peculiar appearance , their potential to produce retinal and subretinal complications and, especially, remember that this finding in funduscopy can be unique without being associated with systemic diseases.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130700912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-29DOI: 10.9734/or/2022/v16i130220
Arturo Iván Pérez Pacheco
The cataractogenesis process and the novel mechanisms involved in its progression make us question that the only solution today presented for its resolution is through a surgical procedure. The unveiling of such interesting and intricate machinery in the lens opacification occupies not only the ophthalmologists field, but also biology, molecular, and biochemistry areas. The animal models, experimental and theoretically, have done their best try to present what appears to be an irreparable and unstoppable process nowadays. The crystalline lens opacification is chronic and progressively damaged due to the loss of balance between the production and elimination of free reactive oxygen species (ROS), the attempts to stop or slow down this overproduction or lack of elimination lie in study material from disciplines as complex as cancer pathways. The execution of this review article was possible through metasearch engines like Wiley Online Library, EBSCO, Cochrane, Clinical key and MEDLINE PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), to retrieve studies from January 2021 to January 2022, following PRISMA guidelines, with a special affinity to systematic reviews and meta-analysis. MeSH Terms associated with "Cataract AND Reactive Oxygen Species". This work constitutes an integral cataractogenesis view in the development of future therapeutic scopes. The world population especially in Europe is aging at a rapid rate, in this sense is necessary to consider a root potential solution and not palliative strategies in ophthalmology for the next generations. The compendium of procedures presented already supposed to open a new panorama to a clearer world, a world without senile cataracts. Time is vision.
{"title":"Reactive Oxygen Species and Eye Aging in Cataracts through Biomolecular Mechanisms","authors":"Arturo Iván Pérez Pacheco","doi":"10.9734/or/2022/v16i130220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2022/v16i130220","url":null,"abstract":"The cataractogenesis process and the novel mechanisms involved in its progression make us question that the only solution today presented for its resolution is through a surgical procedure. The unveiling of such interesting and intricate machinery in the lens opacification occupies not only the ophthalmologists field, but also biology, molecular, and biochemistry areas. The animal models, experimental and theoretically, have done their best try to present what appears to be an irreparable and unstoppable process nowadays. The crystalline lens opacification is chronic and progressively damaged due to the loss of balance between the production and elimination of free reactive oxygen species (ROS), the attempts to stop or slow down this overproduction or lack of elimination lie in study material from disciplines as complex as cancer pathways. The execution of this review article was possible through metasearch engines like Wiley Online Library, EBSCO, Cochrane, Clinical key and MEDLINE PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), to retrieve studies from January 2021 to January 2022, following PRISMA guidelines, with a special affinity to systematic reviews and meta-analysis. MeSH Terms associated with \"Cataract AND Reactive Oxygen Species\". This work constitutes an integral cataractogenesis view in the development of future therapeutic scopes. The world population especially in Europe is aging at a rapid rate, in this sense is necessary to consider a root potential solution and not palliative strategies in ophthalmology for the next generations. The compendium of procedures presented already supposed to open a new panorama to a clearer world, a world without senile cataracts. Time is vision.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129150813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-29DOI: 10.9734/or/2022/v16i130223
A. Bele, Pravin Tidake
Background- The primary goal of cataract extraction surgery is immediate visual recovery and the best uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) post operatively. Aim: To compare the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) after phacoemulsification surgery with superior clear corneal incision (SCCI) and temporal clear corneal incision (TCCI). Materials & method: 11 articles were reviewed on PubMed related to SIA & a review was made on the factors that are responsible to reduce the post-operative astigmatism. The outcome measures were SIA and UCVA at 2 and 6 weeks, post‐operatively. Results - In this study we expect to have better visual outcome and reduce incidence of SIA in TCCI than SCCI. Conclusion: TCCI appears to have better visual outcome and reduced incidence of SIA.
{"title":"Comparison of Visual Acuity and Surgically Induced Astigmatism after Phacoemulsification by Temporal Clear Corneal Incision & Superior Clear Corneal Incision","authors":"A. Bele, Pravin Tidake","doi":"10.9734/or/2022/v16i130223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2022/v16i130223","url":null,"abstract":"Background- The primary goal of cataract extraction surgery is immediate visual recovery and the best uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) post operatively. Aim: To compare the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) after phacoemulsification surgery with superior clear corneal incision (SCCI) and temporal clear corneal incision (TCCI). Materials & method: 11 articles were reviewed on PubMed related to SIA & a review was made on the factors that are responsible to reduce the post-operative astigmatism. The outcome measures were SIA and UCVA at 2 and 6 weeks, post‐operatively. Results - In this study we expect to have better visual outcome and reduce incidence of SIA in TCCI than SCCI. Conclusion: TCCI appears to have better visual outcome and reduced incidence of SIA.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"152 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114094675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.9734/or/2021/v15i430232
Vishal Wagh, Pravin Tidake
Objective: To study the etiopathogenesis, age, gender distribution and visual impairment due to corneal blindness in a tertiary health care centre. In addition, to create awareness for eye donation among the population. Methods: The study was a cross sectional study conducted at a university hospital. Patients who arrived at the outpatient department while the study was ongoing had their demographic profiles recorded. Corneal blindness was defined by presenting a VA 3/60 by corneal disease in the affected eye. The experts made the diagnosis. 56 patients of both gender and age were included in study. Results: The prevalence of corneal blindness was found to more in men than women were and is more in patients with age >50 and < 10 years. The prevalence is more in rural population than urban among which farmer are most involved Conclusion: To decrease the burden of the corneal blindness patient in developing countries like India, there is need of educating the population about preventive measures and development and modernisation of ophthalmic centres.
{"title":"Demographic Profile of Patients with Corneal Blindness at Tertiary Health Care Centre","authors":"Vishal Wagh, Pravin Tidake","doi":"10.9734/or/2021/v15i430232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2021/v15i430232","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the etiopathogenesis, age, gender distribution and visual impairment due to corneal blindness in a tertiary health care centre. In addition, to create awareness for eye donation among the population. \u0000Methods: The study was a cross sectional study conducted at a university hospital. Patients who arrived at the outpatient department while the study was ongoing had their demographic profiles recorded. Corneal blindness was defined by presenting a VA 3/60 by corneal disease in the affected eye. The experts made the diagnosis. 56 patients of both gender and age were included in study. \u0000Results: The prevalence of corneal blindness was found to more in men than women were and is more in patients with age >50 and < 10 years. The prevalence is more in rural population than urban among which farmer are most involved \u0000Conclusion: To decrease the burden of the corneal blindness patient in developing countries like India, there is need of educating the population about preventive measures and development and modernisation of ophthalmic centres.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130262175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.9734/or/2021/v15i430222
Payal Mukherji, S. Kumari, Neha Shilpy, V. Sinha
Objective: Ophthalmologic signs and symptoms were evaluated in a patient diagnosed with reverse Straatsma syndrome. Case Presentation: 22 years old male presented to Eye OPD with unilateral diminution of vision of left eye present since childhood. Complete ophthalmologic examination showed anisometropic hypermetropic ambylopia of +8DS/ +3.5DC x 90◦ in LE, correctable to 6/60 and myelinated nerve fibres in LE retina superior to optic disc. The RE after refractive correction of +1.5 DS showed 6/6 vision. Results: Patient was given full refractive correction of RE and counseled for the condition in LE.
目的:评价1例被诊断为反斜视综合征的患者的眼科体征和症状。病例介绍:22岁男性，自幼左眼单侧视力下降，到眼科就诊。完整的眼科检查显示:视盘上LE +8DS/ +3.5DC x 90◦参差性远视性弱视，可矫正至6/60，视盘上LE视网膜有髓鞘神经纤维。+1.5 DS屈光矫正后的RE视力为6/6。结果:给予患者全屈光性屈光矫正，并告知患者LE的情况。
{"title":"Reverse Straatsma Syndrome – A Case Report","authors":"Payal Mukherji, S. Kumari, Neha Shilpy, V. Sinha","doi":"10.9734/or/2021/v15i430222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2021/v15i430222","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Ophthalmologic signs and symptoms were evaluated in a patient diagnosed with reverse Straatsma syndrome. \u0000Case Presentation: 22 years old male presented to Eye OPD with unilateral diminution of vision of left eye present since childhood. Complete ophthalmologic examination showed anisometropic hypermetropic ambylopia of +8DS/ +3.5DC x 90◦ in LE, correctable to 6/60 and myelinated nerve fibres in LE retina superior to optic disc. The RE after refractive correction of +1.5 DS showed 6/6 vision. \u0000Results: Patient was given full refractive correction of RE and counseled for the condition in LE.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124069452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.9734/or/2021/v15i430221
Jui-Teng Lin
Purpose: To analyze the factors influencing the corneal crosslinking (CXL) efficacy and comparison of epi-on and epi-off procedures. Study Design: modeling the efficacy of epi-off and epi-on CXL. Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, between November, 2021 and December, 2021. Methodology: Solving the rate equations for the CXL efficacy which includes the roles of concentration of the photosensitizer, riboflavin (RF), RF depletion effects, dynamic of light intensity, and the non-uniform distribution of RF in the stroma, or the diffusion depth of RF. Both steady-state and transient state features are explored for the efficacy, crosslink depth (CD) and the effects of epithelium layer for the epi-on situation. Results: The steady-state efficacy is proportional to the square-root of [RF-concentration] /[light-intensity], The competing factors of reduced RF, F(z), and reduced light intensity in the stroma determine the relative efficacy of epi-on and epi-off. For example, for F(z)<0.5, epi-on is more efficient than epi-off. In contrast, in the transient state (with efficacy <0.6), the efficacy is proportional to the light dose, and therefore epi-on is always less efficient than epi-off. The crosslink depth (CD) has an inverse trend, such that higher light intensity and lower RF concentration lead to deeper CD. The analytic formulas are developed under simplified conditions, in which numerical simulation is required for non-uniform distribution, and when RF depletion are included. Various strategies for improved steady-state efficacy efficacy and crosslink depth for epi-on CXL are explored including the use of higher RF concentration and lower light intensity; enhancing the RF diffusion by an electrode device, or diffusion enhancing medicine. The analytic formulas are compared with measured data. Conclusion: For the steady-state epi-on is more efficient than epi-off, when the RF reduction factor is less than the light intensity gain factor. In contrast, in the transient state (with efficacy <0.6), the efficacy is proportional to the light dose, and therefore epi-on is always less efficient than epi-off.
{"title":"Efficacy Analysis of Corneal Crosslinking (CXL): Comparing Epi-on and Epi-off Procedures","authors":"Jui-Teng Lin","doi":"10.9734/or/2021/v15i430221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2021/v15i430221","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To analyze the factors influencing the corneal crosslinking (CXL) efficacy and comparison of epi-on and epi-off procedures. \u0000Study Design: modeling the efficacy of epi-off and epi-on CXL. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, between November, 2021 and December, 2021. \u0000Methodology: Solving the rate equations for the CXL efficacy which includes the roles of concentration of the photosensitizer, riboflavin (RF), RF depletion effects, dynamic of light intensity, and the non-uniform distribution of RF in the stroma, or the diffusion depth of RF. Both steady-state and transient state features are explored for the efficacy, crosslink depth (CD) and the effects of epithelium layer for the epi-on situation. \u0000Results: The steady-state efficacy is proportional to the square-root of [RF-concentration] /[light-intensity], The competing factors of reduced RF, F(z), and reduced light intensity in the stroma determine the relative efficacy of epi-on and epi-off. For example, for F(z)<0.5, epi-on is more efficient than epi-off. In contrast, in the transient state (with efficacy <0.6), the efficacy is proportional to the light dose, and therefore epi-on is always less efficient than epi-off. The crosslink depth (CD) has an inverse trend, such that higher light intensity and lower RF concentration lead to deeper CD. The analytic formulas are developed under simplified conditions, in which numerical simulation is required for non-uniform distribution, and when RF depletion are included. Various strategies for improved steady-state efficacy efficacy and crosslink depth for epi-on CXL are explored including the use of higher RF concentration and lower light intensity; enhancing the RF diffusion by an electrode device, or diffusion enhancing medicine. The analytic formulas are compared with measured data. \u0000Conclusion: For the steady-state epi-on is more efficient than epi-off, when the RF reduction factor is less than the light intensity gain factor. In contrast, in the transient state (with efficacy <0.6), the efficacy is proportional to the light dose, and therefore epi-on is always less efficient than epi-off.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117162392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.9734/or/2021/v15i430219
Thiago Sande Miguel, Felipe Bekman Diniz Mitleg Rocha, Tais Cristina Rossett, D. A. da Costa, Maurício Bastos Pereira
Aims: To describe a Stargardt disease, (STGD1) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease often associated with mutations in ABCA4 and characterized by the accumulation of autofluorescent lipofuscin deposits in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Presentation of Case: J.A.D.L, male, 52 years old, foreman, born in Rio de Janeiro, attends the ophthalmologic consultation complaining of progressive low visual acuity, noticed at around 31 years of age. Discussion: Stargardt disease is the most common hereditary macular dystrophy, representing 7% of retinal dystrophies. The first and only clinical manifestation is the decrease in central vision, which predominantly starts between six and fifteen years of age. Methodology: Case report. Results: Therefore, the referral of young patients with visual complaints without initial abnormalities of the fundus of the eye for ophthalmological evaluation is essential, since the diagnosis of patients at an early stage of the disease is increasingly important with the advent of new therapeutic possibilities. Conclusion: Although many factors contribute to the phenotype of patients with STGD1, the expression and residual activity of ABCA4 mutants play an important role in determining disease severity. Retinal thickness and disease duration influence the visual prognosis of patients. Patients with Stargardt's disease have a smaller macular thickness when compared to normal individuals, and this reduction is related to the duration of the pathology. Therefore, OCT is fundamental for the follow-up of these patients, contributing to a better prognostic assessment of the disease.
{"title":"Stargardt's Disease Diagnosed in Adults: Case Report","authors":"Thiago Sande Miguel, Felipe Bekman Diniz Mitleg Rocha, Tais Cristina Rossett, D. A. da Costa, Maurício Bastos Pereira","doi":"10.9734/or/2021/v15i430219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/or/2021/v15i430219","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To describe a Stargardt disease, (STGD1) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease often associated with mutations in ABCA4 and characterized by the accumulation of autofluorescent lipofuscin deposits in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). \u0000Presentation of Case: J.A.D.L, male, 52 years old, foreman, born in Rio de Janeiro, attends the ophthalmologic consultation complaining of progressive low visual acuity, noticed at around 31 years of age. \u0000Discussion: Stargardt disease is the most common hereditary macular dystrophy, representing 7% of retinal dystrophies. The first and only clinical manifestation is the decrease in central vision, which predominantly starts between six and fifteen years of age. \u0000Methodology: Case report. \u0000Results: Therefore, the referral of young patients with visual complaints without initial abnormalities of the fundus of the eye for ophthalmological evaluation is essential, since the diagnosis of patients at an early stage of the disease is increasingly important with the advent of new therapeutic possibilities. \u0000Conclusion: Although many factors contribute to the phenotype of patients with STGD1, the expression and residual activity of ABCA4 mutants play an important role in determining disease severity. \u0000Retinal thickness and disease duration influence the visual prognosis of patients. Patients with Stargardt's disease have a smaller macular thickness when compared to normal individuals, and this reduction is related to the duration of the pathology. Therefore, OCT is fundamental for the follow-up of these patients, contributing to a better prognostic assessment of the disease.","PeriodicalId":287685,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130280616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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