Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960458
S. Spas, G. Dajaku, D. Gerling
This paper presents a comparison of two inlet permanent magnet synchronous machines with concentrated windings. A novel 24-teeth/28-poles machine design with flux barriers in the stator teeth is compared to a common 30-teeth/20-poles design, which is widely used for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. Detailed comparison of important machine characteristics such as torque ripple, iron losses, eddy current losses in the magnets, axial length and machine weight is presented. According to the study, the novel 24-teeth/28-poles machine design offers a high saving potential concerning the space requirement and production costs. At the same time this machine topology generates a smoother torque compared to the 30-teeth/20-poles topology.
{"title":"Comparison of PM machines with concentrated windings for automotive application","authors":"S. Spas, G. Dajaku, D. Gerling","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960458","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparison of two inlet permanent magnet synchronous machines with concentrated windings. A novel 24-teeth/28-poles machine design with flux barriers in the stator teeth is compared to a common 30-teeth/20-poles design, which is widely used for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. Detailed comparison of important machine characteristics such as torque ripple, iron losses, eddy current losses in the magnets, axial length and machine weight is presented. According to the study, the novel 24-teeth/28-poles machine design offers a high saving potential concerning the space requirement and production costs. At the same time this machine topology generates a smoother torque compared to the 30-teeth/20-poles topology.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116561661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960334
Astrid Røkke
An optimization of an analytical problem with nine variables is executed to find the optimal Permanent Magnet (PM) generator for a tidal turbine. A gradient based solver is used to find the minimum cost of active materials for the given design specifications. The MATLAB function fmincon is used, and the possible minimization algorithms available for this function are compared. As these solvers are only able to find a local minimum, a search is performed trying to find other minimas, both using a MultiStart procedure and using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). Losses are calculated for windings, stator laminations and rotor magnets and solid steel, and a constraint is put on efficiency. The cost effect of varying this constraint is investigated. Optimizations are done with both weight and material cost as objective function, and the different resulting designs are presented.
{"title":"Gradient based optimization of Permanent Magnet generator design for a tidal turbine","authors":"Astrid Røkke","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960334","url":null,"abstract":"An optimization of an analytical problem with nine variables is executed to find the optimal Permanent Magnet (PM) generator for a tidal turbine. A gradient based solver is used to find the minimum cost of active materials for the given design specifications. The MATLAB function fmincon is used, and the possible minimization algorithms available for this function are compared. As these solvers are only able to find a local minimum, a search is performed trying to find other minimas, both using a MultiStart procedure and using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). Losses are calculated for windings, stator laminations and rotor magnets and solid steel, and a constraint is put on efficiency. The cost effect of varying this constraint is investigated. Optimizations are done with both weight and material cost as objective function, and the different resulting designs are presented.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115098888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960173
M. Belhadi, G. Krebs, C. Marchand, H. Hannoun, X. Mininger
The switched reluctance motor is a good candidate for electrical traction and more specifically in automotive applications. The conventional switched reluctance motor presents two major drawbacks which are torque ripple and stator vibrations. In this work, a solution to limit these problems is proposed: a switched reluctance motor with magnetic slot wedges is used to reduce the impact of vibrations through the analysis of the radial forces applied on the stator teeth, and their harmonic content. Indeed, these forces cause an undesirable vibro-acoustic behavior. In addition, it is shown that the proposed design allows the reduction of torque ripple which are the cause of power-train vibrations.
{"title":"Evaluation of a switched reluctance motor with magnetic slot wedges","authors":"M. Belhadi, G. Krebs, C. Marchand, H. Hannoun, X. Mininger","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960173","url":null,"abstract":"The switched reluctance motor is a good candidate for electrical traction and more specifically in automotive applications. The conventional switched reluctance motor presents two major drawbacks which are torque ripple and stator vibrations. In this work, a solution to limit these problems is proposed: a switched reluctance motor with magnetic slot wedges is used to reduce the impact of vibrations through the analysis of the radial forces applied on the stator teeth, and their harmonic content. Indeed, these forces cause an undesirable vibro-acoustic behavior. In addition, it is shown that the proposed design allows the reduction of torque ripple which are the cause of power-train vibrations.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121180525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960174
G. T. de Paula, J. R. B. de A. Monteiro, T. E. P. de Almeida, M. P. de Santana, W. C. A. Pereira, C. Oliveira
This work deals with the influence of magnetic saturation on machine parameters of a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine driven by an ideal six-step three-phase inverter. In this second part, a special attention is given to back-EMF calculation since the linkage flux of each phase has an abrupt change every sixty electrical degree due to the phase commutation.
{"title":"Evaluation of surface mounted PM machine's parameters on load conditions using frozen permeability method. Part. II","authors":"G. T. de Paula, J. R. B. de A. Monteiro, T. E. P. de Almeida, M. P. de Santana, W. C. A. Pereira, C. Oliveira","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960174","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with the influence of magnetic saturation on machine parameters of a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine driven by an ideal six-step three-phase inverter. In this second part, a special attention is given to back-EMF calculation since the linkage flux of each phase has an abrupt change every sixty electrical degree due to the phase commutation.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123249242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960289
M. Seilmeier, B. Piepenbreier
In this paper a recently published innovative sensorless Two-Degree-of-Freedom current control scheme for the whole speed range is extended for a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control. Saturation is taken into account for the calculation of the MTPA trajectory by use of current dependent machine parameters which were identified beforehand. For low and zero speed operation test current injection is used to gain a position error signal. Sensorless control performance is deteriorated by cross-saturation and higher harmonic saliencies which are considered by current and position dependent inductances. A flatness based test signal pre-control provides compensation for those secondary saliencies. For mid and high speed operation the model based dynamic feed forward control is modified in order to achieve a high quality position error signal from the tracking controller. Like this no additional model based estimator evaluating back-EMF information is needed. The proper functioning of the proposed method is proven by experimental results.
{"title":"Sensorless control of PMSM for base speed range using Two-Degree-of-Freedom MTPA current control and HF test current injection for low speed range","authors":"M. Seilmeier, B. Piepenbreier","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960289","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a recently published innovative sensorless Two-Degree-of-Freedom current control scheme for the whole speed range is extended for a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control. Saturation is taken into account for the calculation of the MTPA trajectory by use of current dependent machine parameters which were identified beforehand. For low and zero speed operation test current injection is used to gain a position error signal. Sensorless control performance is deteriorated by cross-saturation and higher harmonic saliencies which are considered by current and position dependent inductances. A flatness based test signal pre-control provides compensation for those secondary saliencies. For mid and high speed operation the model based dynamic feed forward control is modified in order to achieve a high quality position error signal from the tracking controller. Like this no additional model based estimator evaluating back-EMF information is needed. The proper functioning of the proposed method is proven by experimental results.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124027812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960395
J. Subramanian, S. Nandi, T. Ilamparithi, O. Winter
This paper presents a simple yet effective method to determine the flux density-magnetic field intensity (B-H) characteristics of the magnetic material used in a salient pole synchronous machine (SPSM). This is achieved by distributing the magnetic field intensity, H, in the different parts of SPSM using 2D Finite Element (FE) simulations and theoretical calculations. The distribution is based on the open circuit characteristics (OCC) of an actual SPSM. The method avoids complicated optimization methods and can be used in conjunction with commercial finite element (FE) softwares, where implementing such optimization techniques may be difficult. The method requires only an initial estimate of the B-H characteristics using a default core material provided by the software. The procedure will be useful for simulating SPSMs or other electric machines whose magnetic material properties are approximately known but has changed with long usage and aging. Theoretical calculations complimented with simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of this new method.
{"title":"Estimating the magnetic characteristics of a salient pole synchronous machine using ampere turns distribution method","authors":"J. Subramanian, S. Nandi, T. Ilamparithi, O. Winter","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960395","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simple yet effective method to determine the flux density-magnetic field intensity (B-H) characteristics of the magnetic material used in a salient pole synchronous machine (SPSM). This is achieved by distributing the magnetic field intensity, H, in the different parts of SPSM using 2D Finite Element (FE) simulations and theoretical calculations. The distribution is based on the open circuit characteristics (OCC) of an actual SPSM. The method avoids complicated optimization methods and can be used in conjunction with commercial finite element (FE) softwares, where implementing such optimization techniques may be difficult. The method requires only an initial estimate of the B-H characteristics using a default core material provided by the software. The procedure will be useful for simulating SPSMs or other electric machines whose magnetic material properties are approximately known but has changed with long usage and aging. Theoretical calculations complimented with simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of this new method.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114623569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960400
A. Tan-Kim, V. Lanfranchi, J. Legranger, F. Palleschi, M. Redon
Audible noise of automotive alternators is a key point for future cars. Its reduction requires a multiphysic approach including electromagnetic, vibro-acoustic and thermal aspects. In this perspective, this paper investigates the influence of stator temperature on the acoustic noise of a claw-pole alternator. Experimental results show a clear reduction of sound power level and change in noise peak frequencies with an increased temperature. An experimental modal analysis of the stator is carried out to explain this effect. Based on these measurements, a model is developed to predict the resonant frequencies of the wound stator at different temperatures.
{"title":"Influence of temperature on the vibro-acoustic behavior of claw-pole alternators","authors":"A. Tan-Kim, V. Lanfranchi, J. Legranger, F. Palleschi, M. Redon","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960400","url":null,"abstract":"Audible noise of automotive alternators is a key point for future cars. Its reduction requires a multiphysic approach including electromagnetic, vibro-acoustic and thermal aspects. In this perspective, this paper investigates the influence of stator temperature on the acoustic noise of a claw-pole alternator. Experimental results show a clear reduction of sound power level and change in noise peak frequencies with an increased temperature. An experimental modal analysis of the stator is carried out to explain this effect. Based on these measurements, a model is developed to predict the resonant frequencies of the wound stator at different temperatures.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127975769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960291
A. Hodder, T. Maendly, B. Kawkabani
The present paper addresses the speed control of a DC machine in the context of an advanced teaching lab consisting in setting up an islanded production unit. The different steps followed by the student to design and implement the speed control of the DC machine used in this islanded production unit are explained. A hardware specifically designed for this teaching and consisting of a DSP and an Analog to Digital (A/D) converter is presented. The major steps for the design of the PI (Proportional-Integral) regulator are recalled, whereas different improvement techniques such as the Anti-Reset Windup (ARW) or the set value corrector are presented in details. The corresponding code implemented in a DSP is given and detailed. Different tests performed on the test bench are then discussed mainly in terms of response time and overshoot.
{"title":"Teaching lab on the DSP implementation of the speed control of a DC machine","authors":"A. Hodder, T. Maendly, B. Kawkabani","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960291","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper addresses the speed control of a DC machine in the context of an advanced teaching lab consisting in setting up an islanded production unit. The different steps followed by the student to design and implement the speed control of the DC machine used in this islanded production unit are explained. A hardware specifically designed for this teaching and consisting of a DSP and an Analog to Digital (A/D) converter is presented. The major steps for the design of the PI (Proportional-Integral) regulator are recalled, whereas different improvement techniques such as the Anti-Reset Windup (ARW) or the set value corrector are presented in details. The corresponding code implemented in a DSP is given and detailed. Different tests performed on the test bench are then discussed mainly in terms of response time and overshoot.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131037316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960359
P. Sergeant, H. Vansompel, L. Dupré
For yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) axial flux permanent-magnet machines, several lamination stacking methods are discussed. For the same global machine geometry, it is shown that some are easier and cheaper to produce, while others have a higher output torque, lower cogging torque, better efficiency or higher power density. Apart from the different lamination stack geometries, also different magnet geometries are studied. By evaluating the different combinations of lamination stacking methods and magnet shapes, it is shown that some combinations suffer from local saturation, lower output torque and higher losses. The simulations are performed by a multilayer 2D and a simplified 3D finite element model. To prove the validity of the proposed model, simulated results are verified with measurements on a prototype machine.
{"title":"Performance and implementation issues considering the use of thin laminated steel sheets in segmented armature axial-flux PM machines","authors":"P. Sergeant, H. Vansompel, L. Dupré","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960359","url":null,"abstract":"For yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) axial flux permanent-magnet machines, several lamination stacking methods are discussed. For the same global machine geometry, it is shown that some are easier and cheaper to produce, while others have a higher output torque, lower cogging torque, better efficiency or higher power density. Apart from the different lamination stack geometries, also different magnet geometries are studied. By evaluating the different combinations of lamination stacking methods and magnet shapes, it is shown that some combinations suffer from local saturation, lower output torque and higher losses. The simulations are performed by a multilayer 2D and a simplified 3D finite element model. To prove the validity of the proposed model, simulated results are verified with measurements on a prototype machine.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131069708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960287
Chi D. Nguyen, W. Hofmann
With a high power density and a high efficiency, externally excited synchronous motors become an attractive alternative for traction applications. The loss minimization control of the motor drives is a complex task because of the variations of the motor parameters. To overcome the problem, this paper presents a self-tuning adaptive control method for externally excited synchronous motor drives. First, based on the method of Lagrange multipliers, an analytic solution is found to minimize copper losses. Next, a simple search control algorithm is suggested to combine with the analytic solution in order to overcome the problem of the parameter variations, caused by the magnetic saturation. The proposed method is verified by simulations. Several comparisons of results between proposed method and another conventional method show improved performances.
{"title":"Self-tuning adaptive copper-losses minimization control of externally excited synchronous motors","authors":"Chi D. Nguyen, W. Hofmann","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960287","url":null,"abstract":"With a high power density and a high efficiency, externally excited synchronous motors become an attractive alternative for traction applications. The loss minimization control of the motor drives is a complex task because of the variations of the motor parameters. To overcome the problem, this paper presents a self-tuning adaptive control method for externally excited synchronous motor drives. First, based on the method of Lagrange multipliers, an analytic solution is found to minimize copper losses. Next, a simple search control algorithm is suggested to combine with the analytic solution in order to overcome the problem of the parameter variations, caused by the magnetic saturation. The proposed method is verified by simulations. Several comparisons of results between proposed method and another conventional method show improved performances.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129857292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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