Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960287
Chi D. Nguyen, W. Hofmann
With a high power density and a high efficiency, externally excited synchronous motors become an attractive alternative for traction applications. The loss minimization control of the motor drives is a complex task because of the variations of the motor parameters. To overcome the problem, this paper presents a self-tuning adaptive control method for externally excited synchronous motor drives. First, based on the method of Lagrange multipliers, an analytic solution is found to minimize copper losses. Next, a simple search control algorithm is suggested to combine with the analytic solution in order to overcome the problem of the parameter variations, caused by the magnetic saturation. The proposed method is verified by simulations. Several comparisons of results between proposed method and another conventional method show improved performances.
{"title":"Self-tuning adaptive copper-losses minimization control of externally excited synchronous motors","authors":"Chi D. Nguyen, W. Hofmann","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960287","url":null,"abstract":"With a high power density and a high efficiency, externally excited synchronous motors become an attractive alternative for traction applications. The loss minimization control of the motor drives is a complex task because of the variations of the motor parameters. To overcome the problem, this paper presents a self-tuning adaptive control method for externally excited synchronous motor drives. First, based on the method of Lagrange multipliers, an analytic solution is found to minimize copper losses. Next, a simple search control algorithm is suggested to combine with the analytic solution in order to overcome the problem of the parameter variations, caused by the magnetic saturation. The proposed method is verified by simulations. Several comparisons of results between proposed method and another conventional method show improved performances.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129857292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960288
M. Tawadros, M. Nagrial, J. Rizk
This paper presents a new approach for sensorless control of brushless dc motors (BLDCM). A linear back emf line is constructed reflecting the rotor displacement angles, from which the commutation instances corresponding to 30° degrees are computed. The approach increases the signal to noise ratio and improves the performance as compared with zero crossing detection point (ZCP) method. Simulation results are presented for a DC brushless drive at various load conditions. It is shown that the virtual effect sensors (VHE) signals follow the same interval as physical Hall effect (PHE) signals.
{"title":"Sensorless control of brushless DC motors using virtual back EMF mapping projection","authors":"M. Tawadros, M. Nagrial, J. Rizk","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960288","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach for sensorless control of brushless dc motors (BLDCM). A linear back emf line is constructed reflecting the rotor displacement angles, from which the commutation instances corresponding to 30° degrees are computed. The approach increases the signal to noise ratio and improves the performance as compared with zero crossing detection point (ZCP) method. Simulation results are presented for a DC brushless drive at various load conditions. It is shown that the virtual effect sensors (VHE) signals follow the same interval as physical Hall effect (PHE) signals.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128640052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960411
P. Silva, S. Alligné, P. Allenbach, C. Nicolet, B. Kawkabani
In electrical systems, the small-signal stability analysis method is usually applied to synchronous machines by using the Park representation (d, q-components). This paper presents the generalization of a different approach for this method, based on a, b, c phase variables. This approach is essential to software systems using phase variables as state variables and its generalization yields a small-signal stability analysis tool which is fully modular. Two test cases are presented to showcase the application of this approach to elements such as synchronous machines, automatic voltage regulator (AVR), power system stabilizer of type IEEE PSS2B, penstock, Francis turbine and speed regulator.
{"title":"A fully modular tool for small-signal stability analysis of hydroelectric systems","authors":"P. Silva, S. Alligné, P. Allenbach, C. Nicolet, B. Kawkabani","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960411","url":null,"abstract":"In electrical systems, the small-signal stability analysis method is usually applied to synchronous machines by using the Park representation (d, q-components). This paper presents the generalization of a different approach for this method, based on a, b, c phase variables. This approach is essential to software systems using phase variables as state variables and its generalization yields a small-signal stability analysis tool which is fully modular. Two test cases are presented to showcase the application of this approach to elements such as synchronous machines, automatic voltage regulator (AVR), power system stabilizer of type IEEE PSS2B, penstock, Francis turbine and speed regulator.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130928193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960302
C. Schumann, Tobias Muller, E. Stein, M. Pacas
In the following paper, an analytical approach for the calculation of the the induced emf in windings of electrical machines is provided. This method uses the complex Fourier series that describe the stator winding function and the magnetic flux density distribution in the air gap that is caused by the rotor permanent magnets. By using a special case of the Parseval's theorem, the induced emf can be computed in an easy and straight-forward way. The practical implementation of the calculation scheme only uses sums of the product of the Fourier coefficients and therefore the computation is very fast. The proposed procedure is used for calculating the induced emf in a machine with two different PM rotors. One rotor uses a symmetrical magnet distribution, the other one uses an asymmetrical magnet distribution. The calculation delivers two different shapes of the induced voltage in the identical stator winding system. The air gap flux density is approximated in a simple way and expressed by an exponential function term. The analytically calculated results are compared with the results of a transient FEM simulation and, in case of the asymmetrical rotor with the measured emf on a sample machine validating in this way the proposed computation procedure.
{"title":"Analytical calculation of the induced EMF in PM-machines with arbitrary arranged surface mounted magnets using the winding function theory","authors":"C. Schumann, Tobias Muller, E. Stein, M. Pacas","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960302","url":null,"abstract":"In the following paper, an analytical approach for the calculation of the the induced emf in windings of electrical machines is provided. This method uses the complex Fourier series that describe the stator winding function and the magnetic flux density distribution in the air gap that is caused by the rotor permanent magnets. By using a special case of the Parseval's theorem, the induced emf can be computed in an easy and straight-forward way. The practical implementation of the calculation scheme only uses sums of the product of the Fourier coefficients and therefore the computation is very fast. The proposed procedure is used for calculating the induced emf in a machine with two different PM rotors. One rotor uses a symmetrical magnet distribution, the other one uses an asymmetrical magnet distribution. The calculation delivers two different shapes of the induced voltage in the identical stator winding system. The air gap flux density is approximated in a simple way and expressed by an exponential function term. The analytically calculated results are compared with the results of a transient FEM simulation and, in case of the asymmetrical rotor with the measured emf on a sample machine validating in this way the proposed computation procedure.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116042253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960365
K. Ishikawa, W. Kitagawa, T. Takeshita
Recently, one of the problems is high efficiency for the electromagnetic machinery like a motor. This paper presents a new method of shape optimization. The target is flux barriers in the interior permanent magnetic synchronous motor (IPMSM) which is adopted as the benchmark model in IEE of Japan. Authors use the polygon model method with genetic programming (GP) by the two-dimensional finite element method (2D-FEM). The purpose is the investigation of shape design of flux barriers to improve the electromagnetic characteristics. In a conventional method as a size optimization, its design parameters are limited in most cases. However, the proposed method is the shape optimization by the tree structure. This method has more freedom for design parameters because the tree structure is possible to express every shape design.
{"title":"Shape optimization of flux barriers in IPMSM by using polygon model method with GP","authors":"K. Ishikawa, W. Kitagawa, T. Takeshita","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960365","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, one of the problems is high efficiency for the electromagnetic machinery like a motor. This paper presents a new method of shape optimization. The target is flux barriers in the interior permanent magnetic synchronous motor (IPMSM) which is adopted as the benchmark model in IEE of Japan. Authors use the polygon model method with genetic programming (GP) by the two-dimensional finite element method (2D-FEM). The purpose is the investigation of shape design of flux barriers to improve the electromagnetic characteristics. In a conventional method as a size optimization, its design parameters are limited in most cases. However, the proposed method is the shape optimization by the tree structure. This method has more freedom for design parameters because the tree structure is possible to express every shape design.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122484873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960278
M. Taherzadeh, S. Carriere, F. Betin, M. Joorabian, R. Kianinezhad, G. Capolino
This study presents field oriented control of a squirrel cage six-phase induction generator (SC6PIG) when a phase fault is detected in order to minimize output power oscillations during phase opening. An unbalanced structure of squirrel cage six-phase induction machine (SC6PIM) has been modeled to analyze healthy and faulty conditions of the machine. According to the unbalanced structure of the machine, a suitable controller is defined in phase missing condition to minimize power oscillations. After fault detection by using a dedicated system, the controller used in healthy condition is switched to a new one regarding to the fault situation. For each controller, appropriate initial conditions are chosen to minimize the transient behavior of switching process between healthy and faulty controllers. The whole proposed system has been implemented on an experimental set up including of a six-phase induction generator coupled with a permanent magnet direct current (dc) motor. Experimental results prove the feasibility and show the improvement of power quality when the controller is modified in phase missing conditions. The experimental results are presented for one phase missing and they can also be obtained for two or three phases missing conditions.
{"title":"Online controller modifying of a six-phase induction generator in phase opening occurrences","authors":"M. Taherzadeh, S. Carriere, F. Betin, M. Joorabian, R. Kianinezhad, G. Capolino","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960278","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents field oriented control of a squirrel cage six-phase induction generator (SC6PIG) when a phase fault is detected in order to minimize output power oscillations during phase opening. An unbalanced structure of squirrel cage six-phase induction machine (SC6PIM) has been modeled to analyze healthy and faulty conditions of the machine. According to the unbalanced structure of the machine, a suitable controller is defined in phase missing condition to minimize power oscillations. After fault detection by using a dedicated system, the controller used in healthy condition is switched to a new one regarding to the fault situation. For each controller, appropriate initial conditions are chosen to minimize the transient behavior of switching process between healthy and faulty controllers. The whole proposed system has been implemented on an experimental set up including of a six-phase induction generator coupled with a permanent magnet direct current (dc) motor. Experimental results prove the feasibility and show the improvement of power quality when the controller is modified in phase missing conditions. The experimental results are presented for one phase missing and they can also be obtained for two or three phases missing conditions.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122919335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960173
M. Belhadi, G. Krebs, C. Marchand, H. Hannoun, X. Mininger
The switched reluctance motor is a good candidate for electrical traction and more specifically in automotive applications. The conventional switched reluctance motor presents two major drawbacks which are torque ripple and stator vibrations. In this work, a solution to limit these problems is proposed: a switched reluctance motor with magnetic slot wedges is used to reduce the impact of vibrations through the analysis of the radial forces applied on the stator teeth, and their harmonic content. Indeed, these forces cause an undesirable vibro-acoustic behavior. In addition, it is shown that the proposed design allows the reduction of torque ripple which are the cause of power-train vibrations.
{"title":"Evaluation of a switched reluctance motor with magnetic slot wedges","authors":"M. Belhadi, G. Krebs, C. Marchand, H. Hannoun, X. Mininger","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960173","url":null,"abstract":"The switched reluctance motor is a good candidate for electrical traction and more specifically in automotive applications. The conventional switched reluctance motor presents two major drawbacks which are torque ripple and stator vibrations. In this work, a solution to limit these problems is proposed: a switched reluctance motor with magnetic slot wedges is used to reduce the impact of vibrations through the analysis of the radial forces applied on the stator teeth, and their harmonic content. Indeed, these forces cause an undesirable vibro-acoustic behavior. In addition, it is shown that the proposed design allows the reduction of torque ripple which are the cause of power-train vibrations.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121180525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960289
M. Seilmeier, B. Piepenbreier
In this paper a recently published innovative sensorless Two-Degree-of-Freedom current control scheme for the whole speed range is extended for a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control. Saturation is taken into account for the calculation of the MTPA trajectory by use of current dependent machine parameters which were identified beforehand. For low and zero speed operation test current injection is used to gain a position error signal. Sensorless control performance is deteriorated by cross-saturation and higher harmonic saliencies which are considered by current and position dependent inductances. A flatness based test signal pre-control provides compensation for those secondary saliencies. For mid and high speed operation the model based dynamic feed forward control is modified in order to achieve a high quality position error signal from the tracking controller. Like this no additional model based estimator evaluating back-EMF information is needed. The proper functioning of the proposed method is proven by experimental results.
{"title":"Sensorless control of PMSM for base speed range using Two-Degree-of-Freedom MTPA current control and HF test current injection for low speed range","authors":"M. Seilmeier, B. Piepenbreier","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960289","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a recently published innovative sensorless Two-Degree-of-Freedom current control scheme for the whole speed range is extended for a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control. Saturation is taken into account for the calculation of the MTPA trajectory by use of current dependent machine parameters which were identified beforehand. For low and zero speed operation test current injection is used to gain a position error signal. Sensorless control performance is deteriorated by cross-saturation and higher harmonic saliencies which are considered by current and position dependent inductances. A flatness based test signal pre-control provides compensation for those secondary saliencies. For mid and high speed operation the model based dynamic feed forward control is modified in order to achieve a high quality position error signal from the tracking controller. Like this no additional model based estimator evaluating back-EMF information is needed. The proper functioning of the proposed method is proven by experimental results.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124027812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960333
F. Bachheibl, D. Gerling
This paper suggests a possible explanation to the geometry-dependence of core loss by solving Maxwell's equations for the flux distribution inside a magnetic conductor carrying eddy currents. The solution reveals a displacement of flux towards the edges of the magnetic sheet. Core loss with and without the displacement effect are compared for the tooth of a highly excited and high-frequency electric machine. A significant difference from standard calculation methods is obtained.
{"title":"Flux displacement in rectangular iron sheets and geometry-dependent hysteresis loss","authors":"F. Bachheibl, D. Gerling","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960333","url":null,"abstract":"This paper suggests a possible explanation to the geometry-dependence of core loss by solving Maxwell's equations for the flux distribution inside a magnetic conductor carrying eddy currents. The solution reveals a displacement of flux towards the edges of the magnetic sheet. Core loss with and without the displacement effect are compared for the tooth of a highly excited and high-frequency electric machine. A significant difference from standard calculation methods is obtained.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126356538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960400
A. Tan-Kim, V. Lanfranchi, J. Legranger, F. Palleschi, M. Redon
Audible noise of automotive alternators is a key point for future cars. Its reduction requires a multiphysic approach including electromagnetic, vibro-acoustic and thermal aspects. In this perspective, this paper investigates the influence of stator temperature on the acoustic noise of a claw-pole alternator. Experimental results show a clear reduction of sound power level and change in noise peak frequencies with an increased temperature. An experimental modal analysis of the stator is carried out to explain this effect. Based on these measurements, a model is developed to predict the resonant frequencies of the wound stator at different temperatures.
{"title":"Influence of temperature on the vibro-acoustic behavior of claw-pole alternators","authors":"A. Tan-Kim, V. Lanfranchi, J. Legranger, F. Palleschi, M. Redon","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960400","url":null,"abstract":"Audible noise of automotive alternators is a key point for future cars. Its reduction requires a multiphysic approach including electromagnetic, vibro-acoustic and thermal aspects. In this perspective, this paper investigates the influence of stator temperature on the acoustic noise of a claw-pole alternator. Experimental results show a clear reduction of sound power level and change in noise peak frequencies with an increased temperature. An experimental modal analysis of the stator is carried out to explain this effect. Based on these measurements, a model is developed to predict the resonant frequencies of the wound stator at different temperatures.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127975769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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