Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960196
S. Yammine, C. Henaux, M. Fadel, Sébasternais Desharnais, L. Calegari
The paper focuses on the synchronous reluctance machine rotor design. The rotor's shape in this machine should maximize the flux passing in the d axis while minimizing the flux in its q axis. This can be achieved by designing the rotor to respect the natural flow of the flux in the d axis in order to reduce the magnetic resistance while increasing the insulation in the q axis. The proposed design method in this paper is based on determining the analytical equation of the flux lines through a solid rotor. The analytical equation will allow the definition of the optimal curvature of the flux barriers. In a second phase, the width of the flux barriers is determined on the basis of the flux preservation theory in every flux segment. A comparison study using a finite elements simulation will allow us to validate the proposed approach.
{"title":"Synchronous reluctance machine flux barrier design based on the flux line patterns in a solid rotor","authors":"S. Yammine, C. Henaux, M. Fadel, Sébasternais Desharnais, L. Calegari","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960196","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on the synchronous reluctance machine rotor design. The rotor's shape in this machine should maximize the flux passing in the d axis while minimizing the flux in its q axis. This can be achieved by designing the rotor to respect the natural flow of the flux in the d axis in order to reduce the magnetic resistance while increasing the insulation in the q axis. The proposed design method in this paper is based on determining the analytical equation of the flux lines through a solid rotor. The analytical equation will allow the definition of the optimal curvature of the flux barriers. In a second phase, the width of the flux barriers is determined on the basis of the flux preservation theory in every flux segment. A comparison study using a finite elements simulation will allow us to validate the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"35 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114018341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960334
Astrid Røkke
An optimization of an analytical problem with nine variables is executed to find the optimal Permanent Magnet (PM) generator for a tidal turbine. A gradient based solver is used to find the minimum cost of active materials for the given design specifications. The MATLAB function fmincon is used, and the possible minimization algorithms available for this function are compared. As these solvers are only able to find a local minimum, a search is performed trying to find other minimas, both using a MultiStart procedure and using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). Losses are calculated for windings, stator laminations and rotor magnets and solid steel, and a constraint is put on efficiency. The cost effect of varying this constraint is investigated. Optimizations are done with both weight and material cost as objective function, and the different resulting designs are presented.
{"title":"Gradient based optimization of Permanent Magnet generator design for a tidal turbine","authors":"Astrid Røkke","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960334","url":null,"abstract":"An optimization of an analytical problem with nine variables is executed to find the optimal Permanent Magnet (PM) generator for a tidal turbine. A gradient based solver is used to find the minimum cost of active materials for the given design specifications. The MATLAB function fmincon is used, and the possible minimization algorithms available for this function are compared. As these solvers are only able to find a local minimum, a search is performed trying to find other minimas, both using a MultiStart procedure and using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). Losses are calculated for windings, stator laminations and rotor magnets and solid steel, and a constraint is put on efficiency. The cost effect of varying this constraint is investigated. Optimizations are done with both weight and material cost as objective function, and the different resulting designs are presented.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115098888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960395
J. Subramanian, S. Nandi, T. Ilamparithi, O. Winter
This paper presents a simple yet effective method to determine the flux density-magnetic field intensity (B-H) characteristics of the magnetic material used in a salient pole synchronous machine (SPSM). This is achieved by distributing the magnetic field intensity, H, in the different parts of SPSM using 2D Finite Element (FE) simulations and theoretical calculations. The distribution is based on the open circuit characteristics (OCC) of an actual SPSM. The method avoids complicated optimization methods and can be used in conjunction with commercial finite element (FE) softwares, where implementing such optimization techniques may be difficult. The method requires only an initial estimate of the B-H characteristics using a default core material provided by the software. The procedure will be useful for simulating SPSMs or other electric machines whose magnetic material properties are approximately known but has changed with long usage and aging. Theoretical calculations complimented with simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of this new method.
{"title":"Estimating the magnetic characteristics of a salient pole synchronous machine using ampere turns distribution method","authors":"J. Subramanian, S. Nandi, T. Ilamparithi, O. Winter","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960395","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simple yet effective method to determine the flux density-magnetic field intensity (B-H) characteristics of the magnetic material used in a salient pole synchronous machine (SPSM). This is achieved by distributing the magnetic field intensity, H, in the different parts of SPSM using 2D Finite Element (FE) simulations and theoretical calculations. The distribution is based on the open circuit characteristics (OCC) of an actual SPSM. The method avoids complicated optimization methods and can be used in conjunction with commercial finite element (FE) softwares, where implementing such optimization techniques may be difficult. The method requires only an initial estimate of the B-H characteristics using a default core material provided by the software. The procedure will be useful for simulating SPSMs or other electric machines whose magnetic material properties are approximately known but has changed with long usage and aging. Theoretical calculations complimented with simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of this new method.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114623569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960472
Andrea Monni, I. Marongiu, A. Serpi, A. Damiano
The design of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) suitable for off-shore direct drive wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) is presented in this paper. In particular, a twelve-phase PMSG, characterised by a surface mounted permanent magnet configuration and by outer rotor layout has been considered with the aim of improving torque quality, energy efficiency, power management, fault tolerance and reliability of WECS. For these purposes, fractional slot multiphase windings have been asymmetrical distributed in order to form four three-phase independent subsystems. Finally, a specific design procedure oriented to minimize cogging torque and to maximize magnetic decoupling of each three-phase subsystem has been developed. The analytical procedure and the corresponding results have been reported and validated by means of Finite Element Analysis (FEA), highlighting the worth and effectiveness of the proposed configuration.
{"title":"Design of a fractional slot multi-phase PMSG for a direct-drive wind turbine","authors":"Andrea Monni, I. Marongiu, A. Serpi, A. Damiano","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960472","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) suitable for off-shore direct drive wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) is presented in this paper. In particular, a twelve-phase PMSG, characterised by a surface mounted permanent magnet configuration and by outer rotor layout has been considered with the aim of improving torque quality, energy efficiency, power management, fault tolerance and reliability of WECS. For these purposes, fractional slot multiphase windings have been asymmetrical distributed in order to form four three-phase independent subsystems. Finally, a specific design procedure oriented to minimize cogging torque and to maximize magnetic decoupling of each three-phase subsystem has been developed. The analytical procedure and the corresponding results have been reported and validated by means of Finite Element Analysis (FEA), highlighting the worth and effectiveness of the proposed configuration.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114790081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960224
Omar Bottesi, L. Alberti
This paper considers the design of a high efficiency small-size generator for micro-hydroelectric energy production. Different generator designs are compared in order to identify the best solution to be adopted in such installations. Due to the small power rating, the same generator is considered in different installations, with different net heads and water flow. This allows to improve the cost-effectiveness of the system. This is achieved operating the generator at different frequencies in various conditions, being the grid connection achieved by means of an inverter. Therefore, the performance of the designed generators are evaluated considering also operations at different speed.
{"title":"Design of small-size generator for variable speed micro-hydroelectric power plants","authors":"Omar Bottesi, L. Alberti","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960224","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the design of a high efficiency small-size generator for micro-hydroelectric energy production. Different generator designs are compared in order to identify the best solution to be adopted in such installations. Due to the small power rating, the same generator is considered in different installations, with different net heads and water flow. This allows to improve the cost-effectiveness of the system. This is achieved operating the generator at different frequencies in various conditions, being the grid connection achieved by means of an inverter. Therefore, the performance of the designed generators are evaluated considering also operations at different speed.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114444918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960531
J. Estima, A. M. Marques Cardoso
The aim of this paper is to study the influence of the drive train topology on the temperature of the different components in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives applied to electric/hybrid vehicles. The temperature is a critical parameter because it is directly related to the lifetime and reliability of a device. This is particular important for PMSMs since it also influences the magnetic flux produced by the permanent magnets. Thus, in this paper two different drive train topologies applied to electric/hybrid vehicles are evaluated. The first one comprises a battery pack that directly supplies the inverter, and a PMSM. In the second topology, a step-up bidirectional dc-dc converter is connected between the batteries and the inverter dc supply. A variable voltage control is also applied in this topology to control the inverter supplying voltage. A detailed temperature analysis is presented in the format of three-dimension maps that allow to compare both topologies.
{"title":"Thermal evaluation of different drive train topologies for electric/hybrid vehicles","authors":"J. Estima, A. M. Marques Cardoso","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960531","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to study the influence of the drive train topology on the temperature of the different components in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives applied to electric/hybrid vehicles. The temperature is a critical parameter because it is directly related to the lifetime and reliability of a device. This is particular important for PMSMs since it also influences the magnetic flux produced by the permanent magnets. Thus, in this paper two different drive train topologies applied to electric/hybrid vehicles are evaluated. The first one comprises a battery pack that directly supplies the inverter, and a PMSM. In the second topology, a step-up bidirectional dc-dc converter is connected between the batteries and the inverter dc supply. A variable voltage control is also applied in this topology to control the inverter supplying voltage. A detailed temperature analysis is presented in the format of three-dimension maps that allow to compare both topologies.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115762296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960538
D. Cozonac, J. Lecointe, S. Duchesne, G. Vélu
The goal of this paper is to describe the materials and building technique to design a high-temperature induction machine which temperature winding is about 500°C. First, the candidate materials are identified and because of the constraints imposed by these materials, a special geometry is proposed. The authors show that inorganic insulation has to be preferred for the conductors and the slot insulation. Tests are done to select the materials by measuring the turn to turn voltage, insulation resistances or the parallel capacities. It is shown that Grain Oriented (GO) Fe-Si magnetic steel sheets can be used for high temperature because of their insulation and their magnetic properties. The authors describe a technique using shifted GO steel sheets and they characterize up to 500°C. A particular geometry of the machine is described as well as the method to assemble the different parts of the machine.
{"title":"Materials characterization and geometry of a high temperature induction machine","authors":"D. Cozonac, J. Lecointe, S. Duchesne, G. Vélu","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960538","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to describe the materials and building technique to design a high-temperature induction machine which temperature winding is about 500°C. First, the candidate materials are identified and because of the constraints imposed by these materials, a special geometry is proposed. The authors show that inorganic insulation has to be preferred for the conductors and the slot insulation. Tests are done to select the materials by measuring the turn to turn voltage, insulation resistances or the parallel capacities. It is shown that Grain Oriented (GO) Fe-Si magnetic steel sheets can be used for high temperature because of their insulation and their magnetic properties. The authors describe a technique using shifted GO steel sheets and they characterize up to 500°C. A particular geometry of the machine is described as well as the method to assemble the different parts of the machine.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115853014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960174
G. T. de Paula, J. R. B. de A. Monteiro, T. E. P. de Almeida, M. P. de Santana, W. C. A. Pereira, C. Oliveira
This work deals with the influence of magnetic saturation on machine parameters of a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine driven by an ideal six-step three-phase inverter. In this second part, a special attention is given to back-EMF calculation since the linkage flux of each phase has an abrupt change every sixty electrical degree due to the phase commutation.
{"title":"Evaluation of surface mounted PM machine's parameters on load conditions using frozen permeability method. Part. II","authors":"G. T. de Paula, J. R. B. de A. Monteiro, T. E. P. de Almeida, M. P. de Santana, W. C. A. Pereira, C. Oliveira","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960174","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with the influence of magnetic saturation on machine parameters of a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine driven by an ideal six-step three-phase inverter. In this second part, a special attention is given to back-EMF calculation since the linkage flux of each phase has an abrupt change every sixty electrical degree due to the phase commutation.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123249242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960431
S. Tsotoulidis, A. Safacas
In this paper, the impact of Hall sensors misalignment on BLDC motor operational characteristics, i.e. DC bus current, electromagnetic torque and system efficiency, is investigated. A method for identifying and evaluating Hall sensors misplacement is described. The BLDC motor drive system is simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment software with ideally and misplaced positioned Hall sensors. Typical scenarios regarding Hall sensors angular misplacement have been simulated for the most commonly mounting configurations. The electromagnetic torque spectrum as an indicator for mechanical vibrations and noise generation has been examined. Simulations results indicate that system efficiency is decisively decreased as angular misplacement becomes greater than 30o electrical degrees.
{"title":"Side-effects of Hall sensors misplacement on BLDC motor drive operation","authors":"S. Tsotoulidis, A. Safacas","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960431","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the impact of Hall sensors misalignment on BLDC motor operational characteristics, i.e. DC bus current, electromagnetic torque and system efficiency, is investigated. A method for identifying and evaluating Hall sensors misplacement is described. The BLDC motor drive system is simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment software with ideally and misplaced positioned Hall sensors. Typical scenarios regarding Hall sensors angular misplacement have been simulated for the most commonly mounting configurations. The electromagnetic torque spectrum as an indicator for mechanical vibrations and noise generation has been examined. Simulations results indicate that system efficiency is decisively decreased as angular misplacement becomes greater than 30o electrical degrees.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126220804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960413
A. Khan, M. A. Khan, P. Barendse
This paper presents the basic principle of a laboratory based weak grid emulator in order to describe the effects of load variation at the point of common coupling (PCC). The impact of these effects is significant and for that a voltage regulation feature has been added to maintain the voltage at the load connection. Design and performance are investigated by introducing unbalanced voltage conditions to test the system's behavior. In case of unbalance, power is injected from the DC link to regulate the voltage at the converter output connected to either passive or an active load. The system has a rating of 1 kW and can handle an output voltage of 50-150% of the nominal voltage peak. A space vector voltage oriented control (VOC) technique is implemented on the converters and the PI controller gains are tuned accordingly. National Instruments (NI) PXI controller is used for the hardware implementation. Voltage unbalance is generated and controlled with the help of dual vector sequence extraction technique.
{"title":"Effects of load variation on a weak grid under unbalanced voltage conditions","authors":"A. Khan, M. A. Khan, P. Barendse","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960413","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the basic principle of a laboratory based weak grid emulator in order to describe the effects of load variation at the point of common coupling (PCC). The impact of these effects is significant and for that a voltage regulation feature has been added to maintain the voltage at the load connection. Design and performance are investigated by introducing unbalanced voltage conditions to test the system's behavior. In case of unbalance, power is injected from the DC link to regulate the voltage at the converter output connected to either passive or an active load. The system has a rating of 1 kW and can handle an output voltage of 50-150% of the nominal voltage peak. A space vector voltage oriented control (VOC) technique is implemented on the converters and the PI controller gains are tuned accordingly. National Instruments (NI) PXI controller is used for the hardware implementation. Voltage unbalance is generated and controlled with the help of dual vector sequence extraction technique.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126286252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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