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2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2014)最新文献

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Safety oriented evaluation (SOE) of robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (MIS) performance skill 机器人辅助微创手术(MIS)操作技能的安全评价(SOE)
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2014.7090399
Yuan Xing, Ke Liang, Shuxin Wang, Jianmin Li, Xuesheng Wang, Aimin Li
Nowadays robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is popular because of numerous benefits to patients. However, the surgical performance evaluation methods have always failed to catch up with the development speed of surgical robot system technology. In this paper, a method `SOE' to evaluate surgeons' robot-assisted MIS operation skill is provided. On the basis of third-person data and first-person data obtained in an experiment performed by an original master-slave surgical robot “MicroHand” in Tianjin University, not only the skills could be evaluated in details, but also the technology requirements for surgical robot are provided.
目前,机器人辅助微创手术(MIS)因其对患者的诸多好处而受到欢迎。然而,手术性能评价方法一直未能跟上手术机器人系统技术的发展速度。本文提出了一种评价外科医生机器人辅助MIS操作技能的“SOE”方法。在天津大学主从型手术机器人“MicroHand”实验中获得的第三人称数据和第一人称数据的基础上,不仅可以对手术机器人的技能进行详细的评估,还提供了手术机器人的技术要求。
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引用次数: 1
A swarm framework for teaching elementary addition operations 教学初级加法运算的群框架
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2014.7090467
Zhengwei Hui, J. Rojas, Li Lin, HoLeung Ting, Chenyu Zhao
The advent of low-cost, functional robots has promoted swarm robotics research. However, an area of research that is yet untouched is how these types of robots could aid in teaching STEM subjects. In particular, there is little work concerning mathematics at the elementary level. The Kilobot robot's size, cost, and functionality offers a good test-bed to explore its use as a pedagogical tool. This work presents a swarm framework to teach elementary mathematical addition operations to children. A state-based synchronous algorithm was used to enable robots to represent both operands and result digits in mathematical operations, all the while exploiting the robots sounds, motion, and illumination to enhance children's learning factors. The system is demonstrated in the V-REP simulation environment to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
低成本、功能性机器人的出现促进了群体机器人的研究。然而,一个尚未触及的研究领域是这些类型的机器人如何帮助教授STEM科目。特别是,关于初级数学的工作很少。Kilobot机器人的尺寸、成本和功能为探索其作为教学工具的用途提供了一个很好的测试平台。这项工作提出了一个群体框架,教初级数学加法运算的孩子。采用基于状态的同步算法,使机器人能够在数学运算中同时表示操作数和结果数,同时利用机器人的声音、运动和照明来增强儿童的学习因素。在V-REP仿真环境下对系统进行了验证,验证了该方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 5
A cell polar body positioning method based on SVM classification 基于支持向量机分类的细胞极体定位方法
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2014.7090381
Di Chen, Mingzhu Sun, Xin Zhao
Life science researches and clinical experiment involve the positioning of the polar body. The microinjection operation of mammalian oocytes has been more and more widely used. In many cell manipulation researches, researchers need to operate the polar body of an oocyte under optical microscopy to achieve the purpose of the study. Recently, the automatic detection technology develops rapidly. The orientation of the polar body has a low accuracy rate and poor applicability. This paper proposes a novel method of automatic positioning polar body, which tracks the cell and recognizes the polar body. We obtain the position of the polar body by using support vector machine (SVM). Then we report our automatic positioning system. Moreover, experimental results demonstrate the reliability and accuracy for the method. The method with a high accuracy rate of 97% can be used for positioning a variety of cells.
生命科学研究和临床实验都涉及极体的定位。哺乳动物卵母细胞显微注射手术已得到越来越广泛的应用。在许多细胞操作研究中,研究人员需要在光学显微镜下对卵母细胞的极体进行操作,以达到研究目的。近年来,自动检测技术发展迅速。极体定向精度低,适用性差。本文提出了一种自动定位极体的新方法,该方法对细胞进行跟踪并识别极体。我们利用支持向量机(SVM)获得极体的位置。然后报告我们的自动定位系统。实验结果验证了该方法的可靠性和准确性。该方法可用于多种细胞的定位,准确率高达97%。
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引用次数: 5
A study of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) for snake robot path following 蛇形机器人路径跟踪的非线性模型预测控制研究
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2014.7090391
G. Marafioti, Pål Liljebäck, A. Transeth
This paper considers Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) in the context of snake robot locomotion. NMPC is an optimal control technique that offers the ability of handling constraints although requiring relatively significant computational resources. In detail, we show how NMPC can be applied to achieve straight line path following control of snake robots. The paper presents simulation results which illustrate the performance of the proposed control approach. Moreover, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of NMPC as a control approach for snake robots.
研究了蛇形机器人运动中的非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)。NMPC是一种最优控制技术,尽管需要相对大量的计算资源,但它提供了处理约束的能力。详细地,我们展示了如何应用NMPC来实现蛇机器人的直线路径跟踪控制。仿真结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性。此外,我们还讨论了NMPC作为蛇形机器人控制方法的优缺点。
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引用次数: 7
Iterative motion learning with stiffness adaptation for multi-joint robots 基于刚度自适应的多关节机器人迭代运动学习
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2014.7090477
M. Uemura, S. Kawamura, Hiroaki Hirai, F. Miyazaki
This paper proposes an iterative motion learning method with stiffness adaptation for energy saving in multi-joint robots. The method iteratively updates both a desired motion and joint stiffness using time-series data of the actuator torque obtained in a control trial with the desired periodic motion. The iterative method is designed to realize the convergence of the desired motion to an energy-efficient motion. Although the trajectory of the desired motion is updated iteratively, we can specify the boundary conditions of the desired motion. The advantages of the updating process are that it does not require exact physical parameter values of the robots or elaborate numerical calculations. Therefore, if the control trials are accomplished without exact parameter values or elaborate numerical calculations, the whole process works without them. We mathematically analyzed the motion convergence, and showed that the updating process improves the desired motion. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
针对多关节机器人的节能问题,提出了一种具有刚度自适应的迭代运动学习方法。该方法利用控制试验中获得的执行器转矩的时间序列数据迭代更新期望运动和关节刚度。设计迭代方法是为了实现期望运动收敛到节能运动。虽然期望运动的轨迹是迭代更新的,但我们可以指定期望运动的边界条件。更新过程的优点是它不需要机器人的精确物理参数值或复杂的数值计算。因此,如果在没有精确的参数值或精细的数值计算的情况下完成对照试验,则整个过程在没有它们的情况下工作。从数学上分析了运动收敛性,表明更新过程提高了期望运动。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
A new approach to battery power tracking and predicting for mobile robot transportation using wavelet decomposition and ANFIS networks 基于小波分解和ANFIS网络的移动机器人电池电量跟踪与预测新方法
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2014.7090339
Hui Liu, N. Stoll, S. Junginger, K. Thurow
An intelligent system named Laboratory Mobile Robot Transportation System (LMRTS) has been developed for the mobile robotic transportation in laboratory automation. In this paper, a new approach is presented to predict and manage the on-board battery voltages of the mobile robots for optimizing the LMRTS system. The LMRTS can select and optimize the best mobile robotic candidate for a transportation task by considering those battery forecasting results. The proposed predictor includes three components: (a) Measuring the online voltages of the robotic on-board batteries; (b) Using the wavelet method to decompose the original measured data into a series of sub-layers; (c) Building the ANFIS for all the decomposed sub-layers and make the predictions; and (d) Integrating the forecasting results of the sub-layers to have the final predictions for the original online voltage signal. Two real experimental results show that the proposed hybrid predictor has both high forecasting accuracy and fast time performance, which can provide a powerful assistance to the real mobile robotic transportation.
针对实验室自动化中的移动机器人运输问题,研制了实验室移动机器人运输智能系统LMRTS。本文提出了一种预测和管理移动机器人车载电池电压的新方法,以优化LMRTS系统。LMRTS可以通过考虑这些电池预测结果来选择和优化运输任务的最佳移动机器人候选者。所提出的预测器包括三个部分:(a)测量机器人车载电池的在线电压;(b)利用小波变换方法将原始测量数据分解成一系列子层;(c)为所有分解的子层建立ANFIS并进行预测;(d)综合各子层的预测结果,得到对原始在线电压信号的最终预测。两个实际实验结果表明,所提出的混合预测器具有较高的预测精度和较快的时间性能,可为实际移动机器人运输提供有力的辅助。
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引用次数: 3
A situation-aware action selection based on individual's preference using emotion estimation 基于情绪估计的情境感知行为选择
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2014.7090356
Kazumi Kumagai, Jeong-Suk Baek, I. Mizuuchi
Long-term relationships between humans and robots will expand in the future. We therefore consider that an affinity to robots is one of the important components of a stable relationship. In this paper, we propose an action selection system for robots. We expect the system to select an appropriate action that matches human's individual preference. We used an emotion estimation system to achieve this. This is an approach to create an affinity to robots. As a human's preference will be affected by their emotions, we used emotion estimation to learn these preferences. In this paper, we outline the proposed system, experiments, and evaluation of its efficacy. We performed two types of experiments using a simulated robot over one week and four weeks. In each of the experiments, the robot was varying its behaviors, based on learning of individual's preferences.
人类和机器人之间的长期关系将在未来扩大。因此,我们认为对机器人的亲和力是稳定关系的重要组成部分之一。本文提出了一种机器人动作选择系统。我们期望系统能够选择一个符合人类个人偏好的适当行为。我们使用了一个情绪估计系统来实现这一点。这是一种与机器人建立亲和关系的方法。由于人的偏好会受到情绪的影响,我们使用情绪估计来学习这些偏好。在本文中,我们概述了提出的系统,实验,并评估其有效性。我们在一周和四周的时间里使用模拟机器人进行了两种类型的实验。在每个实验中,机器人都在根据对个体偏好的了解来改变自己的行为。
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引用次数: 4
Design of a novel surgical instrument for minimally invasive robotic surgery 一种新型微创机器人手术器械的设计
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2014.7090334
Bo Pan, Guojun Niu, Yili Fu, Dianguo Xu, Yongsheng Wang
Minimally invasive robotic surgery (MIRS), compared to open surgery and traditional minimally invasive surgery, has advantages especially for patients and surgeons. In MIRS the surgeon's capabilities are extended for kinds of dexterous instruments, and surgeons could perform precise and dexterous movements which are difficult to carry out by means of rigid instruments. In this paper, the design of a novel 4DOF dexterous surgical instrument for MIRS is presented. After analyzing feature of surgical instrument for MIRS, a novel 4DOF dexterous surgical instrument based on pulley-tendon mechanism is developed. The end effector of such an instrument is articulated, providing 4DOF without coupled motions. Force limited function is realized by conical axis mechanism, and a new quick change interface is designed based on trapezoidal clutch plate and magnetic sensors to change instruments according to the operation requirement. Strength checking of key parts are also analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed surgical instrument can perform 4DOF uncouple motions with 10 mm outer diameter, except that the fast interface meet the fast and reliable requirements. The surgical instrument proposed in this paper has a good motion performance, flexibility and maneuverability. The surgical instrument satisfies the requirements of MIRS, laying a solid technical foundation for clinical application.
微创机器人手术(MIRS)与开放手术和传统的微创手术相比,对患者和外科医生都有很大的优势。在MIRS中,外科医生的能力扩展到各种灵巧的器械,外科医生可以进行精确和灵巧的运动,这是很难通过刚性器械进行的。本文介绍了一种新型的四自由度手术器械的设计。在分析MIRS手术器械特点的基础上,研制了一种基于滑轮-肌腱机构的四自由度灵巧手术器械。这种仪器的末端执行器是铰接的,提供无耦合运动的4自由度。通过圆锥轴机构实现力限功能,设计了基于梯形离合器片和磁传感器的新型快速更换界面,可根据操作要求更换仪表。并对关键部件的强度校核进行了分析。实验结果表明,除了快速接口满足快速可靠的要求外,所提出的手术器械可以完成外径10 mm的4自由度解耦运动。所设计的手术器械具有良好的运动性能、灵活性和可操作性。该手术器械满足MIRS的要求,为临床应用奠定了坚实的技术基础。
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引用次数: 3
Action and digit recognition of finger using kinect 使用kinect的手指动作和数字识别
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2014.7090417
W. Shang, H. Ma, Hailong Zang
This paper uses the somatosensory system of Kinect to realize the hand gesture recognition involving action and digit of finger. The hand action is completed by using the NiTE library owning the framework of hand gesture recognition. Taking advantage of the information of the depth map, the digit expressed by hand is recognized by using OpenCV library. The simulated results demonstrate the work is very efficient for human interaction.
本文利用Kinect体感系统实现了涉及动作和手指的手势识别。该手势动作是利用具有手势识别框架的NiTE库完成的。利用深度图的信息,利用OpenCV库对手工表示的数字进行识别。仿真结果表明,该工作对于人机交互是非常有效的。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative study of GA, PSO, and DE for tuning position domain PID controller 位置域PID控制器的遗传算法、粒子群算法和遗传算法的比较研究
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2014.7090505
V. Pano, P. Ouyang
Gain tuning is very important in order to obtain good performances for implementing a controller. In this paper, three popular evolutionary algorithms are utilized to optimize the control gains of a position domain PID controller for the improvement of contour tracking for robotic manipulators. Differential Evolution (DE), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are used to optimize the gains of the controller and three distinct fitness functions are also used to quantify the contour performance of each solution set. Simulation results show that PSO was proven to be quite efficient for the linear contour, while DE featured the highest performance for the nonlinear case. Both algorithms performed consistently better than GA that featured premature convergence in all cases.
增益调谐是实现控制器获得良好性能的关键。本文利用三种流行的进化算法对位置域PID控制器的控制增益进行优化,以改善机器人的轮廓跟踪能力。采用差分进化(DE)、遗传算法(GA)和粒子群优化(PSO)优化控制器增益,并采用三种不同的适应度函数来量化每个解集的轮廓性能。仿真结果表明,粒子群算法在处理线性轮廓时效率较高,而DE算法在处理非线性轮廓时效率最高。在所有情况下,这两种算法的表现都始终优于具有过早收敛特征的遗传算法。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2014)
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