Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112924
Xun Zhang , Dawei Wang , Fuyong Cao , Cheng Wang , Min Zha
The relationship between corrosion behavior and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is bridged in ZX10-xSn (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) alloys. Specifically, severe localized corrosion serves as a crack initiation source and causes film rupture and hydrogen accumulation, resulting in high susceptibility index of SCC (ISCC). Among the five alloys, ZX10–1.5Sn boasts the lowest ISCC, with an Iεf of ∼2 % for pre-immersed samples and ∼63 % for immersed samples, owning to its uniform corrosion. This significant difference in Iεf suggests that enhanced hydrogen penetration due to external forces, rather than the corrosion products, plays a more critical role in deteriorating mechanical properties.
{"title":"Bridging static corrosion behavior and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility in dilute Mg-Zn-Ca alloys","authors":"Xun Zhang , Dawei Wang , Fuyong Cao , Cheng Wang , Min Zha","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between corrosion behavior and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is bridged in ZX10-xSn (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) alloys. Specifically, severe localized corrosion serves as a crack initiation source and causes film rupture and hydrogen accumulation, resulting in high susceptibility index of SCC (<em>I</em><sub><em>SCC</em></sub>). Among the five alloys, ZX10–1.5Sn boasts the lowest <em>I</em><sub><em>SCC</em></sub>, with an <em>I</em><sub><em>εf</em></sub> of ∼2 % for pre-immersed samples and ∼63 % for immersed samples, owning to its uniform corrosion. This significant difference in <em>I</em><sub><em>εf</em></sub> suggests that enhanced hydrogen penetration due to external forces, rather than the corrosion products, plays a more critical role in deteriorating mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 112924"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112935
Zhendong Li, Zhongqiu Fu, Longyu Wei, Bohai Ji
The welded joint is a multi-metallographic structure zone composed of the weld metal, the heat-affected zone, and the base metal. Most current research on welded joints primarily focus on the weld metal and base metal. Even when the heat-affected zone is considered, the discussion is mostly limited to corrosion test results, lacking in-depth analysis of corrosion behavior from an electrochemical perspective. To clarify the electrochemical corrosion process of multi-microstructure structures in welded joints, electrochemical tests were conducted to obtain the electrochemical parameters of each metallographic structure. A corrosion finite element model was established based on the microstructure morphology of each metallographic structure, and the validity of the finite element model was verified through corrosion tests. The influence mechanism of the heat-affected zone in the corrosion process of welded joints was elucidated. The effect of the width ratio of the heat-affected zone to the weld zone on the corrosion rate was analyzed. The results show that the multi-metallographic corrosion model of welded joints based on surface morphology can effectively reflect the real corrosion situation. The effect of the heat-affected zone on the corrosion behavior of welded joints is mainly reflected in the change of potential difference and the change of potential distribution in the weld zone. With an increase in the width ratio between the heat-affected zone and the weld zone, the difference in current density at the boundaries of each metallographic structure decreases, and the corrosion morphology becomes closer to uniform corrosion.
{"title":"Effect of heat-affected zone on electrochemical corrosion behavior of welded joint with multi-metallographic structure zone","authors":"Zhendong Li, Zhongqiu Fu, Longyu Wei, Bohai Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The welded joint is a multi-metallographic structure zone composed of the weld metal, the heat-affected zone, and the base metal. Most current research on welded joints primarily focus on the weld metal and base metal. Even when the heat-affected zone is considered, the discussion is mostly limited to corrosion test results, lacking in-depth analysis of corrosion behavior from an electrochemical perspective. To clarify the electrochemical corrosion process of multi-microstructure structures in welded joints, electrochemical tests were conducted to obtain the electrochemical parameters of each metallographic structure. A corrosion finite element model was established based on the microstructure morphology of each metallographic structure, and the validity of the finite element model was verified through corrosion tests. The influence mechanism of the heat-affected zone in the corrosion process of welded joints was elucidated. The effect of the width ratio of the heat-affected zone to the weld zone on the corrosion rate was analyzed. The results show that the multi-metallographic corrosion model of welded joints based on surface morphology can effectively reflect the real corrosion situation. The effect of the heat-affected zone on the corrosion behavior of welded joints is mainly reflected in the change of potential difference and the change of potential distribution in the weld zone. With an increase in the width ratio between the heat-affected zone and the weld zone, the difference in current density at the boundaries of each metallographic structure decreases, and the corrosion morphology becomes closer to uniform corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 112935"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112932
Jiarui Chen, Jianqiang Zhang, David J. Young
Hydrogen production and utilisation involve H2O(g) at high temperatures. However, the effect of hydrogen on chromia-forming heat resistant alloys in H2O is still unclear. In this work, Fe-20Cr and Fe-20Cr-(1Si, 2Mn or 2Al) (wt%) were exposed in Ar-xH2-10H2O gases (x = 2, 10 and 20 vol%) at 650°C for up to 310 h. The binary alloy experienced breakaway oxidation in all gases. Increasing hydrogen content reduced corrosion rates and altered oxide morphologies. Adding Mn, Al or Si to the alloy suppressed oxidation to some extent. The effects of both hydrogen and alloying on the diffusion processes supporting oxidation are discussed.
{"title":"Effect of hydrogen on oxidation of Fe-20Cr-(1Si, 2Mn or 2Al) alloys in water vapour at 650 °C","authors":"Jiarui Chen, Jianqiang Zhang, David J. Young","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen production and utilisation involve H<sub>2</sub>O(g) at high temperatures. However, the effect of hydrogen on chromia-forming heat resistant alloys in H<sub>2</sub>O is still unclear. In this work, Fe-20Cr and Fe-20Cr-(1Si, 2Mn or 2Al) (wt%) were exposed in Ar-xH<sub>2</sub>-10H<sub>2</sub>O gases (x = 2, 10 and 20 vol%) at 650°C for up to 310 h. The binary alloy experienced breakaway oxidation in all gases. Increasing hydrogen content reduced corrosion rates and altered oxide morphologies. Adding Mn, Al or Si to the alloy suppressed oxidation to some extent. The effects of both hydrogen and alloying on the diffusion processes supporting oxidation are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 112932"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112933
Dora Capone , Vincenzo Bongiorno , Jonathan Duff , Mary Grace Burke , Tsuyoshi Ito , Hideyuki Hosokawa , Yoichi Wada , Makoto Nagase , Fabio Scenini
The properties of the oxide formed on 316 Stainless Steel (SS) in the presence of metal cations injected into the water (Zn and/or Ni) in low-level Hydrogen Water Chemistry (HWC) of modern Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) (H:O molar ratio ∼8) at 288°C were evaluated via high spatial resolution microscopy to understand the role of metal cations incorporation into the oxide. These conditions have not been extensively studied in the literature, yet are very important to understand the oxide that forms before the application of the Online NobleChem™ (OLNC). A baseline test was conducted in the absence of metal cation injection into the water. The other tests were conducted in the presence of metal cations: Zn test (Zn = 10 ppb), Ni test (Ni =10 ppb), and Zn+Ni test (Zn =10 ppb, Ni =10 ppb). The study showed that the simultaneous injection of Zn and Ni formed the most protective oxide, followed by the oxide produced under Zn injection. Conversely, the injection of Ni produced an oxide with intermediate properties between those exhibited in Zn-dosed and non-dosed conditions. These results are also validated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, which provide more macroscopic properties. The increase in protectiveness in the presence of both Zn2+ and Ni2+ cations in the water was attributed to the higher degree of spontaneity of the substitution reaction of Ni2+ with Zn2+ in the NiCr2O4 inner oxide compared to the substitution reaction of Fe2+ with Zn2+ in the FeCr2O4.
{"title":"Effects of Zn and Ni addition on the oxidation behaviour of 316 SS under simulated BWR conditions","authors":"Dora Capone , Vincenzo Bongiorno , Jonathan Duff , Mary Grace Burke , Tsuyoshi Ito , Hideyuki Hosokawa , Yoichi Wada , Makoto Nagase , Fabio Scenini","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The properties of the oxide formed on 316 Stainless Steel (SS) in the presence of metal cations injected into the water (Zn and/or Ni) in low-level Hydrogen Water Chemistry (HWC) of modern Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) (H:O molar ratio ∼8) at 288°C were evaluated via high spatial resolution microscopy to understand the role of metal cations incorporation into the oxide. These conditions have not been extensively studied in the literature, yet are very important to understand the oxide that forms before the application of the Online NobleChem™ (OLNC). A baseline test was conducted in the absence of metal cation injection into the water. The other tests were conducted in the presence of metal cations: Zn test (Zn = 10 ppb), Ni test (Ni =10 ppb), and Zn+Ni test (Zn =10 ppb, Ni =10 ppb). The study showed that the simultaneous injection of Zn and Ni formed the most protective oxide, followed by the oxide produced under Zn injection. Conversely, the injection of Ni produced an oxide with intermediate properties between those exhibited in Zn-dosed and non-dosed conditions. These results are also validated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, which provide more macroscopic properties. The increase in protectiveness in the presence of both Zn<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup> cations in the water was attributed to the higher degree of spontaneity of the substitution reaction of Ni<sup>2+</sup> with Zn<sup>2+</sup> in the NiCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> inner oxide compared to the substitution reaction of Fe<sup>2+</sup> with Zn<sup>2+</sup> in the FeCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 112933"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NiTi alloys, widely used for their shape memory and superelastic properties, face corrosion challenges when fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). This study investigates the dual-phase formation in LPBF NiTi and its impact on corrosion resistance. Thermal simulations and microstructural analysis reveal that thermal stress drives martensite formation near melt pool boundaries. Martensitic regions act as anodic sites, leading to localized corrosion. Optimizing LPBF parameters produced single-phase [001]-textured NiTi, eliminating martensite and significantly reducing the corrosion current by almost two orders of magnitude and enhancing superelastic performance simultaneously. These findings highlight texture control as a key strategy to improve corrosion resistance and functionality for advanced applications.
{"title":"Enhancing corrosion resistance through crystallographic texture control in additively manufactured superelastic NiTi alloy","authors":"Jia-Ning Zhu, Ziyu Li, Ehsan Rahimi, Zhaorui Yan, Zhaoying Ding, Arjan Mol, Vera Popovich","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NiTi alloys, widely used for their shape memory and superelastic properties, face corrosion challenges when fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). This study investigates the dual-phase formation in LPBF NiTi and its impact on corrosion resistance. Thermal simulations and microstructural analysis reveal that thermal stress drives martensite formation near melt pool boundaries. Martensitic regions act as anodic sites, leading to localized corrosion. Optimizing LPBF parameters produced single-phase [001]-textured NiTi, eliminating martensite and significantly reducing the corrosion current by almost two orders of magnitude and enhancing superelastic performance simultaneously. These findings highlight texture control as a key strategy to improve corrosion resistance and functionality for advanced applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 112929"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112928
Juan Shang , Ruiming Zhang , Ruizhe Gao , Baihui Xing , Aleksandar Staykov , Zhengli Hua , Masanobu Kubota
The influence of temperature on the hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE) susceptibility of X80 is unclear. In this work, mechanical test results revealed the enhanced HGE susceptibility with the decreasing temperature ranging from 333 K to 263 K. At lower temperatures, quasi-cleavage characteristics appeared on crack surfaces and plasticity suppression was further enhanced. Increased dislocation trapping capacity with decreasing temperature was demonstrated by finite element analysis and first-principles molecular dynamics calculations. At the investigated temperature, hydrogen could be sufficiently supplied to dislocations. Therefore, hydrogen trapping sites exhibited a higher concentration than lattice hydrogen and played a dominant role in determining the overall hydrogen distribution within the material. The strong trapping ability of dislocations at lower temperatures could increase the hydrogen concentration in high-density dislocation regions, including the crack tip. It recommends that the HGE of X80 for hydrogen delivery shall be evaluated at a lower temperature instead of room temperature which usually be used.
{"title":"Evolution and mechanism of hydrogen gas embrittlement susceptibility for X80 pipeline steel within the service temperature range","authors":"Juan Shang , Ruiming Zhang , Ruizhe Gao , Baihui Xing , Aleksandar Staykov , Zhengli Hua , Masanobu Kubota","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of temperature on the hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE) susceptibility of X80 is unclear. In this work, mechanical test results revealed the enhanced HGE susceptibility with the decreasing temperature ranging from 333 K to 263 K. At lower temperatures, quasi-cleavage characteristics appeared on crack surfaces and plasticity suppression was further enhanced. Increased dislocation trapping capacity with decreasing temperature was demonstrated by finite element analysis and first-principles molecular dynamics calculations. At the investigated temperature, hydrogen could be sufficiently supplied to dislocations. Therefore, hydrogen trapping sites exhibited a higher concentration than lattice hydrogen and played a dominant role in determining the overall hydrogen distribution within the material. The strong trapping ability of dislocations at lower temperatures could increase the hydrogen concentration in high-density dislocation regions, including the crack tip. It recommends that the HGE of X80 for hydrogen delivery shall be evaluated at a lower temperature instead of room temperature which usually be used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 112928"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112931
Zhihao Xu , Jinghuai Zhang , Yuying He , Qiang Yang , Shujuan Liu , Tengfei Zhao , Hao Dong , Ruizhi Wu , Xiaobo Zhang , Xin Qiu
Poor corrosion resistance is the inherent weakness of common Mg alloys, and consequentially, it would be a long-standing challenge to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys to reach or approach that of other stainless metals while maintaining mechanical properties. Here, we successfully develop a low-alloyed Mg-2Gd-0.6Zn-0.3Zr (wt%) alloy having an ultra-low corrosion rate of 0.09 mm y−1 coupled with good mechanical properties. Its corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is superior to that of ultra-high-purity Mg and other comparative Mg alloys. The ultra-high corrosion resistance is mainly attributed to three key factors. The relatively uniform microstructure of alloy substrate in terms of potential is the basic factor. The corrosion film exhibits superior corrosion resistance and passivation effect as well as self-healing ability. The enrichment of alloying elements and the formation of ZrO2, Gd2O3, and ZnO with Pilling Bedworth Ratio between 1 and 2 in the corrosion film are conducive to reduce macroscopic defects and thus improve the stability and compactness of the corrosion film, which is another key factor. Amorphous ZrO2 plays an important role in rapid formation of compact film. The more important finding of this study is that this corrosion film has amorphous characteristics to a large extent, which is believed to avoid microscopic defects from grain boundaries as rapid channels for Cl- transport, and this is the third key factor for further reduction to achieve the ultra-low corrosion rate for the developed alloy. Our findings are expected to inspire the development of real stainless Mg alloys.
{"title":"Revealing anti-corrosion mechanism of low-alloyed Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr alloy with ultra-low corrosion rate","authors":"Zhihao Xu , Jinghuai Zhang , Yuying He , Qiang Yang , Shujuan Liu , Tengfei Zhao , Hao Dong , Ruizhi Wu , Xiaobo Zhang , Xin Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poor corrosion resistance is the inherent weakness of common Mg alloys, and consequentially, it would be a long-standing challenge to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys to reach or approach that of other stainless metals while maintaining mechanical properties. Here, we successfully develop a low-alloyed Mg-2Gd-0.6Zn-0.3Zr (wt%) alloy having an ultra-low corrosion rate of 0.09 mm y<sup>−1</sup> coupled with good mechanical properties. Its corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is superior to that of ultra-high-purity Mg and other comparative Mg alloys. The ultra-high corrosion resistance is mainly attributed to three key factors. The relatively uniform microstructure of alloy substrate in terms of potential is the basic factor. The corrosion film exhibits superior corrosion resistance and passivation effect as well as self-healing ability. The enrichment of alloying elements and the formation of ZrO<sub>2</sub>, Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and ZnO with Pilling Bedworth Ratio between 1 and 2 in the corrosion film are conducive to reduce macroscopic defects and thus improve the stability and compactness of the corrosion film, which is another key factor. Amorphous ZrO<sub>2</sub> plays an important role in rapid formation of compact film. The more important finding of this study is that this corrosion film has amorphous characteristics to a large extent, which is believed to avoid microscopic defects from grain boundaries as rapid channels for Cl<sup>-</sup> transport, and this is the third key factor for further reduction to achieve the ultra-low corrosion rate for the developed alloy. Our findings are expected to inspire the development of real stainless Mg alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 112931"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112927
Qiang Lin , Ziyi Liu , Wenlong Zhao , Zhenxing Zhao , Bingjie Wu , Gang Chen , Xu Chen , Shouwen Shi
The compatibility issue of structural materials in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic environment significantly influences the safe operation of lead-cooled fast reactors, which becomes more complex in the presence of stress. However, the stress corrosion cracking behavior and mechanisms in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic environment remain unclear, especially at low oxygen concentration. In this study, the stress corrosion cracking behavior of T91 steel in low oxygen concentration liquid lead-bismuth eutectic environment at 450°C was investigated. The crack initiation mechanisms in T91 steel at the nano to micro scales are analyzed. It is found that stress promotes the formation of microchannels in the substrate. In addition, increasing stress also promotes the formation of low-angle grain boundaries, which enhance the diffusion of elements and the preferential formation of oxides at grain boundaries. The above process compromises the strength of grain boundaries and therefore results in the preferential initiation of microcracks at grain boundaries.
{"title":"Stress corrosion cracking behavior of T91 steel in low oxygen concentration liquid lead-bismuth eutectic at 450°C","authors":"Qiang Lin , Ziyi Liu , Wenlong Zhao , Zhenxing Zhao , Bingjie Wu , Gang Chen , Xu Chen , Shouwen Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The compatibility issue of structural materials in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic environment significantly influences the safe operation of lead-cooled fast reactors, which becomes more complex in the presence of stress. However, the stress corrosion cracking behavior and mechanisms in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic environment remain unclear, especially at low oxygen concentration. In this study, the stress corrosion cracking behavior of T91 steel in low oxygen concentration liquid lead-bismuth eutectic environment at 450°C was investigated. The crack initiation mechanisms in T91 steel at the nano to micro scales are analyzed. It is found that stress promotes the formation of microchannels in the substrate. In addition, increasing stress also promotes the formation of low-angle grain boundaries, which enhance the diffusion of elements and the preferential formation of oxides at grain boundaries. The above process compromises the strength of grain boundaries and therefore results in the preferential initiation of microcracks at grain boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 112927"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-06DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112926
Kun Tang , Qinghua Zhang , Chuang Cui , Xiaopeng Yuan , Yapeng Li , Yan Ma
In this study, the microstructure, chemical composition, electrochemical properties, and evolution mechanism of the weld and base-metal rust layers formed on the Q500qENH weathering steel welded joints under salt-spray corrosion conditions were investigated. Through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the composition, microstructure, and elemental distribution of the rust layers were systematically characterized. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization methods were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the rust layers for different corrosion periods. Results showed that with prolonged corrosion time, the α-FeOOH content in the rust layer of the Q500qENH weathering steel welded joints increases significantly, while the γ-FeOOH content gradually decreases. The α-FeOOH/γ-FeOOH ratio in the weld rust layer remains consistently higher than that in the base-metal rust layer, exhibiting superior compactness and corrosion resistance. While the rust layer of the base metal displays a well-defined inner–outer stratification, the outer rust layer in the weld region is more complex, featuring cotton-ball-like, fibrous, and layered morphologies. Trace metal elements such as Cr, Ni, and Cu are enriched in the inner rust layers of both the weld and the base metal, forming compounds characterized by compact structures and corrosion-element adsorption effects. Electrochemical analyses indicate that the charge transfer resistance of the weld region is significantly higher than that of base metal.
{"title":"Rust layer evolution and corrosion performance of Q500qENH weathering steel welded joints in salt-spray conditions","authors":"Kun Tang , Qinghua Zhang , Chuang Cui , Xiaopeng Yuan , Yapeng Li , Yan Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the microstructure, chemical composition, electrochemical properties, and evolution mechanism of the weld and base-metal rust layers formed on the Q500qENH weathering steel welded joints under salt-spray corrosion conditions were investigated. Through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the composition, microstructure, and elemental distribution of the rust layers were systematically characterized. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization methods were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the rust layers for different corrosion periods. Results showed that with prolonged corrosion time, the α-FeOOH content in the rust layer of the Q500qENH weathering steel welded joints increases significantly, while the γ-FeOOH content gradually decreases. The α-FeOOH/γ-FeOOH ratio in the weld rust layer remains consistently higher than that in the base-metal rust layer, exhibiting superior compactness and corrosion resistance. While the rust layer of the base metal displays a well-defined inner–outer stratification, the outer rust layer in the weld region is more complex, featuring cotton-ball-like, fibrous, and layered morphologies. Trace metal elements such as Cr, Ni, and Cu are enriched in the inner rust layers of both the weld and the base metal, forming compounds characterized by compact structures and corrosion-element adsorption effects. Electrochemical analyses indicate that the charge transfer resistance of the weld region is significantly higher than that of base metal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 112926"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112897
Y. Soma , A. Komatsu , Y. Kaji , M. Yamamoto , T. Igarashi
Experimental
and modeling studies of the oxygen ingression at the crevices of stainless steels were conducted in high-temperature water (288°C). The limiting distance of oxygen ingression, , was defined as the point beyond which the primary surface oxide changed (γ-Fe2O3–Fe3O4), regardless of crevice gap, oxygen concentration, and time. In situ measurements revealed increased electrical conductivity around the position indicating ion enrichment due to a differential oxygen concentration cell. increased with increasing crevice gap, oxygen concentration, and immersion time. Modeling study suggested that oxide layer growth reduced anodic dissolution and slowed oxygen consumption, allowing oxygen ingression with time.
{"title":"Experimental and modeling studies on the oxygen ingression behavior at the crevices of stainless steels in high-temperature water","authors":"Y. Soma , A. Komatsu , Y. Kaji , M. Yamamoto , T. Igarashi","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Experimental</h3><div>and modeling studies of the oxygen ingression at the crevices of stainless steels were conducted in high-temperature water (288°C). The limiting distance of oxygen ingression, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>lim</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, was defined as the point beyond which the primary surface oxide changed (γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), regardless of crevice gap, oxygen concentration, and time. In situ measurements revealed increased electrical conductivity around the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>lim</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> position indicating ion enrichment due to a differential oxygen concentration cell. <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>lim</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> increased with increasing crevice gap, oxygen concentration, and immersion time. Modeling study suggested that oxide layer growth reduced anodic dissolution and slowed oxygen consumption, allowing oxygen ingression with time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 112897"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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