Each year, on average, about 7,300 people are killed and about 7,800 people are seriously injured because of partial or complete ejection through glazing (the windows of a vehicle). Of the fatalities, more than 4,400 are associated with vehicle rollovers and the majority of these rollover victims were not using safety belts. In this chapter, from a comprehensive text about occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers, the authors report on a study conducted to determine the occupant retention and head-neck injury potential aspects of laminated glass in rollover accidents. The head injury and neck parameters used in the study were obtained from Hybrid III 50% male dummy test device impacting on various types of side windows with laminated glass. Results indicate that the glass contained the dummy assembly and the head-neck biomechanical parameters were below the critical value injury tolerance limits in simulated rollover accidents. The head injury criteria, peak angular acceleration, and neck bending moments were also well below the critical value limits. The authors conclude that head-neck injury in rollover accidents is unlikely due to laminated glass contact used in production vehicles.
{"title":"BIOMECHANICAL INJURY EVALUATION OF LAMINATED GLASS DURING ROLLOVER CONDITIONS. IN: OCCUPANT AND VEHICLE RESPONSES IN ROLLOVERS","authors":"A. Sances, F. Carlin, S. Kumaresan","doi":"10.4271/2002-01-1446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1446","url":null,"abstract":"Each year, on average, about 7,300 people are killed and about 7,800 people are seriously injured because of partial or complete ejection through glazing (the windows of a vehicle). Of the fatalities, more than 4,400 are associated with vehicle rollovers and the majority of these rollover victims were not using safety belts. In this chapter, from a comprehensive text about occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers, the authors report on a study conducted to determine the occupant retention and head-neck injury potential aspects of laminated glass in rollover accidents. The head injury and neck parameters used in the study were obtained from Hybrid III 50% male dummy test device impacting on various types of side windows with laminated glass. Results indicate that the glass contained the dummy assembly and the head-neck biomechanical parameters were below the critical value injury tolerance limits in simulated rollover accidents. The head injury criteria, peak angular acceleration, and neck bending moments were also well below the critical value limits. The authors conclude that head-neck injury in rollover accidents is unlikely due to laminated glass contact used in production vehicles.","PeriodicalId":291036,"journal":{"name":"Publication of: Society of Automotive Engineers","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117100132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Hare, Lance Lewis, R. Hughes, Yoshiyuki Ishikawa, Kazuo Iwasaki, K. Tsukaguchi, Noriko Doi
In this chapter, from a comprehensive text about occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers, the authors report on eight rollover research tests that were conducted using the 2001 Nissan Pathfinder with a modified FMVSS 208 dolly rollover test method. In this study, the driver and right front dummy restraint performance was analyzed. The rollover tests were initiated with the vehicle horizontal, not at a roll angle. After the vehicle translated laterally for a short distance, a trip mechanism was introduced to overturn the vehicle. The study analyzed retractor, buckle, and latch plate performance, as well as overall seat belt performance. National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) data was also analyzed to quantify the characteristics of real world rollovers and demonstrated the benefits of restraint use. The authors conclude that although the rollover test method yielded unrepeatable vehicle dynamics, the testing demonstrated proper restraint performance in all of the tests. In the tests with pretensioner activation, belt movement reduction compared to the non-pretensioner tests was only approximately 25 mm for the near side occupant and 50 mm for the far side occupant; this does not result in any measurable reduction in occupant injury.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF ROLLOVER RESTRAINT PERFORMANCE WITH AND WITHOUT SEAT BELT PRETENSIONER AT VEHICLE TRIP. IN: OCCUPANT AND VEHICLE RESPONSES IN ROLLOVERS","authors":"B. Hare, Lance Lewis, R. Hughes, Yoshiyuki Ishikawa, Kazuo Iwasaki, K. Tsukaguchi, Noriko Doi","doi":"10.4271/2002-01-0941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0941","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, from a comprehensive text about occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers, the authors report on eight rollover research tests that were conducted using the 2001 Nissan Pathfinder with a modified FMVSS 208 dolly rollover test method. In this study, the driver and right front dummy restraint performance was analyzed. The rollover tests were initiated with the vehicle horizontal, not at a roll angle. After the vehicle translated laterally for a short distance, a trip mechanism was introduced to overturn the vehicle. The study analyzed retractor, buckle, and latch plate performance, as well as overall seat belt performance. National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) data was also analyzed to quantify the characteristics of real world rollovers and demonstrated the benefits of restraint use. The authors conclude that although the rollover test method yielded unrepeatable vehicle dynamics, the testing demonstrated proper restraint performance in all of the tests. In the tests with pretensioner activation, belt movement reduction compared to the non-pretensioner tests was only approximately 25 mm for the near side occupant and 50 mm for the far side occupant; this does not result in any measurable reduction in occupant injury.","PeriodicalId":291036,"journal":{"name":"Publication of: Society of Automotive Engineers","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124631267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the growing popularity of vehicles with high centers of gravity, the evaluation of rollover propensity of these vehicles becomes an issue of increasing importance. This chapter on a rollover stability index is from a comprehensive textbook on occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers. The author proposes a simple model to predict vehicle propensity to rollover; the model includes the effects of suspension and tire compliance. The model uses only a few parameters, most of which are known at the design stage. The author compares the lateral accelerations at the rollover threshold that are predicted by the model to the results of simulations. In the simulations, vehicles with the same static stability factor, but with different suspension characteristics and payloads, are subjected to roll-inducing handling maneuvers. The results of simulations correlate well with the predictions based on the proposed model. An analytical expression for the optimal roll center height from the viewpoint of rollover resistance was developed.
{"title":"ROLLOVER STABILITY INDEX INCLUDING EFFECTS OF SUSPENSION DESIGN. IN: OCCUPANT AND VEHICLE RESPONSES IN ROLLOVERS","authors":"A. Hać","doi":"10.4271/2002-01-0965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0965","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing popularity of vehicles with high centers of gravity, the evaluation of rollover propensity of these vehicles becomes an issue of increasing importance. This chapter on a rollover stability index is from a comprehensive textbook on occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers. The author proposes a simple model to predict vehicle propensity to rollover; the model includes the effects of suspension and tire compliance. The model uses only a few parameters, most of which are known at the design stage. The author compares the lateral accelerations at the rollover threshold that are predicted by the model to the results of simulations. In the simulations, vehicles with the same static stability factor, but with different suspension characteristics and payloads, are subjected to roll-inducing handling maneuvers. The results of simulations correlate well with the predictions based on the proposed model. An analytical expression for the optimal roll center height from the viewpoint of rollover resistance was developed.","PeriodicalId":291036,"journal":{"name":"Publication of: Society of Automotive Engineers","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132713632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Described in the paper is an approach to proposed European enhanced Vehicle Safety Committee (EEVC) legislation for lower leg pedestrian impact to be achieved through a combination of material properties and design. The energy absorption concept outlined in this paper offers a glimpse of an engineering thermoplastic breakthrough that is expected to help automotive manufacturers and tiers develop front end safety systems to meet the proposed European Union pedestrian protection legislation. Material data indicate that this system should be able to meet the proposed system requirements without significant vehicle styling changes.
{"title":"ENGINEERING THERMOPLASTIC ENERGY ABSORBER SOLUTIONS FOR PEDESTRIAN IMPACT. IN: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY","authors":"D. Mcmahon, Frank Mooijman, S. Shuler","doi":"10.4271/2002-01-1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1225","url":null,"abstract":"Described in the paper is an approach to proposed European enhanced Vehicle Safety Committee (EEVC) legislation for lower leg pedestrian impact to be achieved through a combination of material properties and design. The energy absorption concept outlined in this paper offers a glimpse of an engineering thermoplastic breakthrough that is expected to help automotive manufacturers and tiers develop front end safety systems to meet the proposed European Union pedestrian protection legislation. Material data indicate that this system should be able to meet the proposed system requirements without significant vehicle styling changes.","PeriodicalId":291036,"journal":{"name":"Publication of: Society of Automotive Engineers","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115894525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the growing popularity of vehicles with high centers of gravity, the evaluation of rollover propensity of these vehicles becomes an issue of increasing importance. This chapter on the influence of active chassis systems on vehicle propensity to maneuver-induced rollovers is from a comprehensive textbook on occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers. The author considers the influence of three presently-available controlled chassis systems on vehicle rollover resistance. The systems are the active rear steer (ARS), the brake based vehicle stability enhancement system (VSE), and the active roll bar, referred to as dynamic body control (DBC) system. A 16 degree-of-freedom computer model of a full vehicle is used for the study. The maneuvers used in the simulation are the double lane change and the fishhook maneuvers, with increasing steering amplitudes. The results show that the uncontrolled vehicle rolls over in both maneuvers when the steering angle is sufficiently large. The author concluded that all three systems improved vehicle resistance to rollovers, but DBC system was the least effective (primarily due to insufficient speed of response, limited by the power of the hydraulic pump). The VSE system improved vehicle stability more than the ARS system did, and the vehicle with both of these control systems was the most stable of all.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ACTIVE CHASSIS SYSTEMS ON VEHICLE PROPENSITY TO MANEUVER-INDUCED ROLLOVERS. IN: OCCUPANT AND VEHICLE RESPONSES IN ROLLOVERS","authors":"A. Hać","doi":"10.4271/2002-01-0967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0967","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing popularity of vehicles with high centers of gravity, the evaluation of rollover propensity of these vehicles becomes an issue of increasing importance. This chapter on the influence of active chassis systems on vehicle propensity to maneuver-induced rollovers is from a comprehensive textbook on occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers. The author considers the influence of three presently-available controlled chassis systems on vehicle rollover resistance. The systems are the active rear steer (ARS), the brake based vehicle stability enhancement system (VSE), and the active roll bar, referred to as dynamic body control (DBC) system. A 16 degree-of-freedom computer model of a full vehicle is used for the study. The maneuvers used in the simulation are the double lane change and the fishhook maneuvers, with increasing steering amplitudes. The results show that the uncontrolled vehicle rolls over in both maneuvers when the steering angle is sufficiently large. The author concluded that all three systems improved vehicle resistance to rollovers, but DBC system was the least effective (primarily due to insufficient speed of response, limited by the power of the hydraulic pump). The VSE system improved vehicle stability more than the ARS system did, and the vehicle with both of these control systems was the most stable of all.","PeriodicalId":291036,"journal":{"name":"Publication of: Society of Automotive Engineers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129780618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study had two objectives: to clarify the differences between the injury related responses of full scale pedestrian dummy and results of sub-system tests obtained under impact conditions simulating car-pedestrian accidents; and to propose modifications of current sub-systems test methods. The study results demonstrate, using compact car and sport utility vehicles, that the headform and upper legform test procedures may overestimate severity of impact between car front and pedestrian head and pelvis, especially for SUVs. Additionally, the current legform impactor may not be suitable for evaluation of the aggressiveness of a high bumper car front.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF PEDESTRIAN SUBSYSTEM SAFETY TESTS USING IMPACTORS AND FULL-SCALE DUMMY TESTS. IN: PEDESTRIAN SAFETY","authors":"Yasuhiro Matsui, A. Wittek, A. Konosu","doi":"10.4271/2002-01-1021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1021","url":null,"abstract":"The study had two objectives: to clarify the differences between the injury related responses of full scale pedestrian dummy and results of sub-system tests obtained under impact conditions simulating car-pedestrian accidents; and to propose modifications of current sub-systems test methods. The study results demonstrate, using compact car and sport utility vehicles, that the headform and upper legform test procedures may overestimate severity of impact between car front and pedestrian head and pelvis, especially for SUVs. Additionally, the current legform impactor may not be suitable for evaluation of the aggressiveness of a high bumper car front.","PeriodicalId":291036,"journal":{"name":"Publication of: Society of Automotive Engineers","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127594895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing a side curtain airbag system for occupant protection in tripped rollover accidents requires the knowledge of the occupant kinematics prior to tripping. In this chapter, from a comprehensive text about occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers, the authors report on a study that used the Deceleration Rollover Sled (DRS) to evaluate the effectiveness of the curtain airbag system deploy and position during the onset of a tripped rollover event. The DRS consist of a sled and a set of pulse generation deceleration brakes. The vehicle is supported by the sled and travels by a tow cable from a stationary position along a track until a certain velocity is achieved. On the leading side of the sled, there are a set of adjustable height curbs; these are used for the tripping. The deceleration brakes are preset to a calculated reaction force that is applied to the sled to simulate the desired deceleration of a tripped rollover event. Results show that as a vehicle experiences lateral deceleration prior to the trip initiation, the unrestrained dummy head is already in motion and may be close to the vehicle interior or at the side glass plane. If the vehicle is equipped with a curtain airbag system, it may be difficult to trigger the curtain deployment prior to the dummy interacting with the vehicle side structure (it is difficult to determine if the event is a roll or no-roll situation early in the event). However, for such conditions, a curtain airbag restraint system should be designed so that it deploys and positions itself properly as the dummy head is approaching the side glass plane or in the deployment zone. The authors discuss the dynamic rollover tests they used, as well as an out-of-position static test that simulates the dummy head kinematics observed in the low g (<1.5 g) dynamic test. The authors conclude that the Deceleration Rollover Sled demonstrated a repeatable test method in analyzing dummy head travel in simulated tripped rollover events.
{"title":"DUMMY HEAD KINEMATICS IN TRIPPED ROLLOVER TESTS AND A TEST METHOD TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF CURTAIN AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT. IN: OCCUPANT AND VEHICLE RESPONSES IN ROLLOVERS","authors":"K. Balavich, A. Nayef","doi":"10.4271/2002-01-0690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0690","url":null,"abstract":"Developing a side curtain airbag system for occupant protection in tripped rollover accidents requires the knowledge of the occupant kinematics prior to tripping. In this chapter, from a comprehensive text about occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers, the authors report on a study that used the Deceleration Rollover Sled (DRS) to evaluate the effectiveness of the curtain airbag system deploy and position during the onset of a tripped rollover event. The DRS consist of a sled and a set of pulse generation deceleration brakes. The vehicle is supported by the sled and travels by a tow cable from a stationary position along a track until a certain velocity is achieved. On the leading side of the sled, there are a set of adjustable height curbs; these are used for the tripping. The deceleration brakes are preset to a calculated reaction force that is applied to the sled to simulate the desired deceleration of a tripped rollover event. Results show that as a vehicle experiences lateral deceleration prior to the trip initiation, the unrestrained dummy head is already in motion and may be close to the vehicle interior or at the side glass plane. If the vehicle is equipped with a curtain airbag system, it may be difficult to trigger the curtain deployment prior to the dummy interacting with the vehicle side structure (it is difficult to determine if the event is a roll or no-roll situation early in the event). However, for such conditions, a curtain airbag restraint system should be designed so that it deploys and positions itself properly as the dummy head is approaching the side glass plane or in the deployment zone. The authors discuss the dynamic rollover tests they used, as well as an out-of-position static test that simulates the dummy head kinematics observed in the low g (<1.5 g) dynamic test. The authors conclude that the Deceleration Rollover Sled demonstrated a repeatable test method in analyzing dummy head travel in simulated tripped rollover events.","PeriodicalId":291036,"journal":{"name":"Publication of: Society of Automotive Engineers","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134561133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a numerical optimization o a cross car beam of a modular cockpit. The optimization study was performed using LS-OPT code and LS-DTNA solver code. The optimization was based on component load levels that resulted from FMVSS214 dynamic side impacts. The component load conditions were derived from a full vehicle simulation and the beam was subjected to axial load alone and to both axial and bending loads simultaneously. The beam was minimized for lower mass for a selected diameter and a given peak force to occur within 5mm axial deformation and optimal thickness of the beam for minimal effective plastic strain peak for a given resultant deformation.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF A MODULAR COCKPIT CROSS CAR BEAM FOR CRASHWORTHINESS. IN: AUTOMOTIVE CRASH RESEARCH: SIDE IMPACT, ROLLOVER, AND VEHICLE AGGRESSIVITY","authors":"M. S. Hamid","doi":"10.4271/2002-01-0938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0938","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a numerical optimization o a cross car beam of a modular cockpit. The optimization study was performed using LS-OPT code and LS-DTNA solver code. The optimization was based on component load levels that resulted from FMVSS214 dynamic side impacts. The component load conditions were derived from a full vehicle simulation and the beam was subjected to axial load alone and to both axial and bending loads simultaneously. The beam was minimized for lower mass for a selected diameter and a given peak force to occur within 5mm axial deformation and optimal thickness of the beam for minimal effective plastic strain peak for a given resultant deformation.","PeriodicalId":291036,"journal":{"name":"Publication of: Society of Automotive Engineers","volume":"134 44","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131747452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carley C. Ward, H. D. Avanessian, Parris Ward, J. Paver
Rollover accidents continue to cause a large number of serious and fatal injuries. This chapter, from a comprehensive text on vehicle and occupant responses in rollovers, reports on an investigation of restraint function on male and female occupants in rollover events. The study investigated factors influencing neck loading in rollover events in a series of spit tests where vehicles were inverted. Drivers included both male and female volunteers, as well as seated standard and standing pedestrian 50th percentile anthropomorphic dummies. The variables investigated during the spit tests included body shape, pre-roll body position, and vertical seat velocity. Results showed that early in the far-side rolls, the belt tested to slip off the shoulder and the slack was immediately passed through to the lap belt, increasing body excursion toward the roof. An alert position (sitting more upright prior to the roll) increased the body excursion in the roll and the risk of neck injury. Chest geometry and compressibility caused some women to experience excessive motion toward the roof, increasing their risk of neck injury. The authors note that neither dummy adequately simulated the excursions experienced by the live volunteers; the dummy motion toward the roof is much less than that of the human volunteers. The authors also performed computer simulations using the MADYMO occupant, to study the dynamic interaction of the head, torso, and roof during contact with the ground. The authors conclude that a cinching latch plate would better control an occupant's motion toward the roof and thus help prevent cervical spine injury.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF RESTRAINT FUNCTION ON MALE AND FEMALE OCCUPANTS IN ROLLOVER EVENTS. IN: OCCUPANT AND VEHICLE RESPONSES IN ROLLOVERS","authors":"Carley C. Ward, H. D. Avanessian, Parris Ward, J. Paver","doi":"10.4271/2001-01-0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-0177","url":null,"abstract":"Rollover accidents continue to cause a large number of serious and fatal injuries. This chapter, from a comprehensive text on vehicle and occupant responses in rollovers, reports on an investigation of restraint function on male and female occupants in rollover events. The study investigated factors influencing neck loading in rollover events in a series of spit tests where vehicles were inverted. Drivers included both male and female volunteers, as well as seated standard and standing pedestrian 50th percentile anthropomorphic dummies. The variables investigated during the spit tests included body shape, pre-roll body position, and vertical seat velocity. Results showed that early in the far-side rolls, the belt tested to slip off the shoulder and the slack was immediately passed through to the lap belt, increasing body excursion toward the roof. An alert position (sitting more upright prior to the roll) increased the body excursion in the roll and the risk of neck injury. Chest geometry and compressibility caused some women to experience excessive motion toward the roof, increasing their risk of neck injury. The authors note that neither dummy adequately simulated the excursions experienced by the live volunteers; the dummy motion toward the roof is much less than that of the human volunteers. The authors also performed computer simulations using the MADYMO occupant, to study the dynamic interaction of the head, torso, and roof during contact with the ground. The authors conclude that a cinching latch plate would better control an occupant's motion toward the roof and thus help prevent cervical spine injury.","PeriodicalId":291036,"journal":{"name":"Publication of: Society of Automotive Engineers","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126954190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eddie Cooper, E. Moffatt, A. Curzon, B. Smyth, K. Orlowski
Rollover crash and accident tests identify significant roof-to-ground impacts adjacent to the vehicle occupant as a potential cause of severe injuries. These tests also often provide information on dummy kinematics, as well as vehicle translational velocity, roll rate, and point of impact with the ground. However, there has not been a method to replicate these impact conditions through controlled dynamic rollover testing. In this chapter, from a comprehensive text on occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers, the authors report on a new test device that is repeatable. The tests enables researchers to begin each test with the desired root-to-ground impact conditions as a test input. The test method releases a rotating vehicle onto the ground from the back of a moving semi-trailer. The roll, pitch, and yaw angles, translational and vertical velocities, and roll velocity of the vehicle for the first roof-to-ground interaction is repeatable from test to test. The motion of the vehicle after the first impact is not repeatable, however. In addition to the standard onboard and off-board vehicle documentation, camera coverage from the rear of the semi-trailer is also now available.
{"title":"REPEATABLE DYNAMIC ROLLOVER TEST PROCEDURE WITH CONTROLLED ROOF IMPACT. IN: OCCUPANT AND VEHICLE RESPONSES IN ROLLOVERS","authors":"Eddie Cooper, E. Moffatt, A. Curzon, B. Smyth, K. Orlowski","doi":"10.4271/2001-01-0476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-0476","url":null,"abstract":"Rollover crash and accident tests identify significant roof-to-ground impacts adjacent to the vehicle occupant as a potential cause of severe injuries. These tests also often provide information on dummy kinematics, as well as vehicle translational velocity, roll rate, and point of impact with the ground. However, there has not been a method to replicate these impact conditions through controlled dynamic rollover testing. In this chapter, from a comprehensive text on occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers, the authors report on a new test device that is repeatable. The tests enables researchers to begin each test with the desired root-to-ground impact conditions as a test input. The test method releases a rotating vehicle onto the ground from the back of a moving semi-trailer. The roll, pitch, and yaw angles, translational and vertical velocities, and roll velocity of the vehicle for the first roof-to-ground interaction is repeatable from test to test. The motion of the vehicle after the first impact is not repeatable, however. In addition to the standard onboard and off-board vehicle documentation, camera coverage from the rear of the semi-trailer is also now available.","PeriodicalId":291036,"journal":{"name":"Publication of: Society of Automotive Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125420829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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