Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NANO.2017.8117364
A. Majee, Z. Akšamija
The steady-state behavior of thermal transport in bulk and nanostructured semiconductors has been widely studied, both theoretically [4] and experimentally [1], with an intense focus on 2-dimensional materials such as graphene and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) in recent years. The effect of ribbon size (width and length) and temperature on steady-state thermal conductivity is now well understood. On the other hand, fast transients and frequency response of thermal conduction, sometimes called dynamical thermal conductivity has been given less attention. The response of thermal conductivity to rapidly varying heat sources may become more crucial in the future, especially with the constant growth in the clock frequencies in microprocessors and increase in giga- and terahertz applications of semiconductor devices. It has been theoretically predicted in 3-D materials that thermal conductivity in response to a time-varying temperature gradient starts decaying when the frequency of the applied heat source (Ω) exceeds a certain cut-off frequency üc, which was found to be related to the inverse of the average phonon relaxation time TC. The phonon relaxation time in bulk semiconductors such as silicon is short, on the order of 2–10 ps, leading to thermal conductivity that is independent of frequency up to very high iic exceeding 10 GHz. In contrast, 2-D materials like graphene have much longer phonon relaxation times, especially below room temperature. Therefore, in suspended graphene and wide graphene ribbons, Ω c can be expected to be much lower than that of silicon. Moreover, the presence of strong momentum-conserving normal phonon-phonon processes, overshadowing the momentum-destroying umklapp processes in graphene results in hydrodynamic transport [2] where heat does not diffuse but rather propagates in a wavelike fashion, giving rise to the second sound phenomenon[7].
{"title":"Hydrodynamic thermal transport in suspended graphene ribbons","authors":"A. Majee, Z. Akšamija","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2017.8117364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2017.8117364","url":null,"abstract":"The steady-state behavior of thermal transport in bulk and nanostructured semiconductors has been widely studied, both theoretically [4] and experimentally [1], with an intense focus on 2-dimensional materials such as graphene and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) in recent years. The effect of ribbon size (width and length) and temperature on steady-state thermal conductivity is now well understood. On the other hand, fast transients and frequency response of thermal conduction, sometimes called dynamical thermal conductivity has been given less attention. The response of thermal conductivity to rapidly varying heat sources may become more crucial in the future, especially with the constant growth in the clock frequencies in microprocessors and increase in giga- and terahertz applications of semiconductor devices. It has been theoretically predicted in 3-D materials that thermal conductivity in response to a time-varying temperature gradient starts decaying when the frequency of the applied heat source (Ω) exceeds a certain cut-off frequency üc, which was found to be related to the inverse of the average phonon relaxation time TC. The phonon relaxation time in bulk semiconductors such as silicon is short, on the order of 2–10 ps, leading to thermal conductivity that is independent of frequency up to very high iic exceeding 10 GHz. In contrast, 2-D materials like graphene have much longer phonon relaxation times, especially below room temperature. Therefore, in suspended graphene and wide graphene ribbons, Ω c can be expected to be much lower than that of silicon. Moreover, the presence of strong momentum-conserving normal phonon-phonon processes, overshadowing the momentum-destroying umklapp processes in graphene results in hydrodynamic transport [2] where heat does not diffuse but rather propagates in a wavelike fashion, giving rise to the second sound phenomenon[7].","PeriodicalId":292399,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114720646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NANO.2017.8117279
Paul Varghese, S. Nain, J. Rathore, N. N. Sharma
Development in the field of nanotechnology makes possible the production of nanorobots and its usage inside the human body for various biomedical applications. Introducing a nanorobot inside a human body faces various challenges. One of the major challenges is its propulsion mechanism. Since the flow regime is of low Reynolds number, normal propulsion systems would find itself impossible to produce net forward thrust in such media. A rigid helix is found to produce thrust force and is a perfect place to start with in low Reynolds number propulsion. In this paper, a set of helical flagella has been fabricated in macro domain and the effect of change of wavelength, wire diameter and helix diameter is investigated on the thrust force produced by rigid helical filament using Resistive Force Theory.
{"title":"Experimental study on helical propulsion system of artificial nanoswimmer: Low reynolds number","authors":"Paul Varghese, S. Nain, J. Rathore, N. N. Sharma","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2017.8117279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2017.8117279","url":null,"abstract":"Development in the field of nanotechnology makes possible the production of nanorobots and its usage inside the human body for various biomedical applications. Introducing a nanorobot inside a human body faces various challenges. One of the major challenges is its propulsion mechanism. Since the flow regime is of low Reynolds number, normal propulsion systems would find itself impossible to produce net forward thrust in such media. A rigid helix is found to produce thrust force and is a perfect place to start with in low Reynolds number propulsion. In this paper, a set of helical flagella has been fabricated in macro domain and the effect of change of wavelength, wire diameter and helix diameter is investigated on the thrust force produced by rigid helical filament using Resistive Force Theory.","PeriodicalId":292399,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116962105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NANO.2017.8117491
Chao Song, Pan Deng, L. Que
This paper reports a newly developed flexible nanopore device for both drug release and pressure sensing for the first time. Different from our previously reported drug release device based on the nanopore thin film fabricated on rigid substrates [1], this new flexible device not only can serve as a drug delivery device, but also can be used as a pressure sensor as well. Specifically, the periodically distributed honeycomb-shape nanopores can store the drugs, facilitating the extended drug release. In addition, the applied pressure on the device deforms the shape and interspace among the nanopores, as a result, the reflected optical interference fringes from the device shift, which is used as a pressure transducing signal.
{"title":"A flexible transparent nanopore device for pressure sensing and drug release","authors":"Chao Song, Pan Deng, L. Que","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2017.8117491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2017.8117491","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a newly developed flexible nanopore device for both drug release and pressure sensing for the first time. Different from our previously reported drug release device based on the nanopore thin film fabricated on rigid substrates [1], this new flexible device not only can serve as a drug delivery device, but also can be used as a pressure sensor as well. Specifically, the periodically distributed honeycomb-shape nanopores can store the drugs, facilitating the extended drug release. In addition, the applied pressure on the device deforms the shape and interspace among the nanopores, as a result, the reflected optical interference fringes from the device shift, which is used as a pressure transducing signal.","PeriodicalId":292399,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)","volume":"274 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117037546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NANO.2017.8117494
Amoghavarsha Mahadevegowda, C. Johnston, P. Grant
Flexible capacitors based on ultra-thin glass (30 μm thick) were fabricated and the effect of nanoscale surface modification on the dielectric properties was studied. The ultra-thin glass samples were partially masked by the deposition and self-organisation of Ag-islands and then preferentially etched to produce a controlled topography. The etching duration was varied and its effect on Ag content and dielectric properties were studied by employing atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and impedance spectroscopy. The AFM studies revealed the presence of nanoscale ‘peaks’, which were distributed across the surface of the glass, that following etching showed enhanced capacitance. Surface modification of glass using self-organised nano-scale metal island masks is shown to be an effective route to enhance the use of ultra-thin glass in capacitor applications.
{"title":"Fabrication of nanoscale features on ultra-thin glass-based dielectrics via self-masking and preferential etching to enhance capacitance","authors":"Amoghavarsha Mahadevegowda, C. Johnston, P. Grant","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2017.8117494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2017.8117494","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible capacitors based on ultra-thin glass (30 μm thick) were fabricated and the effect of nanoscale surface modification on the dielectric properties was studied. The ultra-thin glass samples were partially masked by the deposition and self-organisation of Ag-islands and then preferentially etched to produce a controlled topography. The etching duration was varied and its effect on Ag content and dielectric properties were studied by employing atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and impedance spectroscopy. The AFM studies revealed the presence of nanoscale ‘peaks’, which were distributed across the surface of the glass, that following etching showed enhanced capacitance. Surface modification of glass using self-organised nano-scale metal island masks is shown to be an effective route to enhance the use of ultra-thin glass in capacitor applications.","PeriodicalId":292399,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124484260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ceramic nanomaterials are attractive due to the functional properties such as optical, electronic, thermal behaviors as well biocompatibility. In this work three kinds of functional ceramic nanocrystals, i.e. SiC (hexagonal platelet-like), TiC (truncated-octahedral) and TiN (cubic structured) were synthesized by a facial DC arc-discharge plasma process. Preparation atmospheres were chosen for the certain ceramic nanocrystals, e.g. source gases (CH4 and N2), inert gas (Ar) and active gas (H2) were employed to tailor the ceramic species and their morphology and size. Taking SiC nanocrystals as an example, the formation mechanism was discussed with experimental results of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) diagnoses.
{"title":"Synthesis of functional ceramic nanocrystals (SiC, TiC, TiN) by arc-discharge plasma process","authors":"Jian Gao, Jieyi Yu, Shanshan Lu, Jingshuang Liang, Wenfei Yang, Zi-ming Wang, Xinglong Dong","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2017.8117328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2017.8117328","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic nanomaterials are attractive due to the functional properties such as optical, electronic, thermal behaviors as well biocompatibility. In this work three kinds of functional ceramic nanocrystals, i.e. SiC (hexagonal platelet-like), TiC (truncated-octahedral) and TiN (cubic structured) were synthesized by a facial DC arc-discharge plasma process. Preparation atmospheres were chosen for the certain ceramic nanocrystals, e.g. source gases (CH4 and N2), inert gas (Ar) and active gas (H2) were employed to tailor the ceramic species and their morphology and size. Taking SiC nanocrystals as an example, the formation mechanism was discussed with experimental results of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) diagnoses.","PeriodicalId":292399,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124503578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NANO.2017.8117402
In Yeol Hong, Y. Cha, Tae Kyoung Kim, Seung kyu Oh, J. Kwak
Accurate growth control is required to apply ZnO nanorods to devices and materials. This study examined the effects of the growth parameters, such as pressure, growth temperature, growth time, and concentration of the growth solution. The pressure had little influence on ZnO growth. The growth temperature increased length of ZnO nanorods but not affected diameter of ZnO nanorods. The concentration of the growth solution increased the length and diameter of ZnO nanorods. The growth time affected only length of the ZnO nanorods. We confirmed the effect of ZnO nanorods growth parameters successfully and control is possible. The LEDs with ZnO nanorods exhibited improved light extraction efficiency due to the wave manipulation by the ZnO nanorods.
{"title":"Effects of the growth parameters on the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nano-rods and their application to GaN based LEDs","authors":"In Yeol Hong, Y. Cha, Tae Kyoung Kim, Seung kyu Oh, J. Kwak","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2017.8117402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2017.8117402","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate growth control is required to apply ZnO nanorods to devices and materials. This study examined the effects of the growth parameters, such as pressure, growth temperature, growth time, and concentration of the growth solution. The pressure had little influence on ZnO growth. The growth temperature increased length of ZnO nanorods but not affected diameter of ZnO nanorods. The concentration of the growth solution increased the length and diameter of ZnO nanorods. The growth time affected only length of the ZnO nanorods. We confirmed the effect of ZnO nanorods growth parameters successfully and control is possible. The LEDs with ZnO nanorods exhibited improved light extraction efficiency due to the wave manipulation by the ZnO nanorods.","PeriodicalId":292399,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129782332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NANO.2017.8117404
F. Lan, Minlin Jiang, Guangyong Li
The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 22% within a few years. To further optimize their performance, the focus should be on minimizing the defects and barriers in the devices. In this work, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) together with admittance spectroscopy (AS) is utilized in the characterization of charge injection barriers and defects states in perovskite solar cells. Our measurements indicate that perovskite has a defect level of 0.25 eV above its valance band. In addition, charge injection barriers are present in the interface between electron transporting layer (ETL) and perovskite layer. To improve the performance, passivation technique is needed for the removal of defects and charge injection barriers which could act as recombination centers in perovskite solar cells.
{"title":"The characterization of defects states and charge injection barriers in perovskite solar cells","authors":"F. Lan, Minlin Jiang, Guangyong Li","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2017.8117404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2017.8117404","url":null,"abstract":"The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 22% within a few years. To further optimize their performance, the focus should be on minimizing the defects and barriers in the devices. In this work, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) together with admittance spectroscopy (AS) is utilized in the characterization of charge injection barriers and defects states in perovskite solar cells. Our measurements indicate that perovskite has a defect level of 0.25 eV above its valance band. In addition, charge injection barriers are present in the interface between electron transporting layer (ETL) and perovskite layer. To improve the performance, passivation technique is needed for the removal of defects and charge injection barriers which could act as recombination centers in perovskite solar cells.","PeriodicalId":292399,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132317860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NANO.2017.8117400
Muge Acik, S. Sankaranarayanan, R. Rosenberg
Smart device designs with cheap materials and simple processing methods are necessary for cost-effective and efficient solar cell manufacturing. Methylammonium lead halides (MAPbTx, T = I, Br, Cl) perovskites are promising photovoltaic materials, with high power conversion efficiency (PCE>22%). Perovskite instability, however, has been one of the major obstacles for achieving device performance. Another challenge is the uncontrolled chemistry at the interfaces of the electron/hole transporting layers that limit device function. In order to facilitate an efficient charge transport, graphene-derived nanomaterials made from graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) have replaced metal oxides and polymers. Overcoming the variation in PCE due to the presence of defects at the interfaces of GO and MAPbTx remains a challenge. Therefore, understanding the fundamental nature of defects is necessary to identify the root cause of device performance failure. In order to investigate interfacial defect modification, we utilize an in situ spectroscopy characterization approach to study chemical interactions at GO/MAPbTx interfaces. We find that halide anions of the perovskite precursors determine defect nucleation in GO, and thereby the growth mechanism. These results demonstrate the need for interface characterization to improve the reliability of perovskite photovoltaics.
廉价材料和简单加工方法的智能设备设计是成本效益和高效太阳能电池制造的必要条件。甲基铵卤化铅(MAPbTx, T = I, Br, Cl)钙钛矿具有较高的功率转换效率(PCE>22%)，是一种很有前途的光伏材料。然而，钙钛矿的不稳定性一直是实现器件性能的主要障碍之一。另一个挑战是电子/空穴传输层界面上不受控制的化学反应，这限制了器件的功能。为了促进有效的电荷传输，由氧化石墨烯(GO)和还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)制成的石墨烯衍生纳米材料已经取代了金属氧化物和聚合物。克服由于氧化石墨烯和MAPbTx接口存在缺陷而导致的PCE变化仍然是一个挑战。因此，了解缺陷的基本性质对于确定设备性能失效的根本原因是必要的。为了研究界面缺陷修饰，我们利用原位光谱表征方法研究GO/MAPbTx界面的化学相互作用。我们发现钙钛矿前驱体的卤化物阴离子决定了氧化石墨烯中的缺陷成核，从而决定了生长机制。这些结果表明需要界面表征来提高钙钛矿光伏电池的可靠性。
{"title":"Role of halide anions in perovskite/graphene oxide photovoltaics","authors":"Muge Acik, S. Sankaranarayanan, R. Rosenberg","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2017.8117400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2017.8117400","url":null,"abstract":"Smart device designs with cheap materials and simple processing methods are necessary for cost-effective and efficient solar cell manufacturing. Methylammonium lead halides (MAPbTx, T = I, Br, Cl) perovskites are promising photovoltaic materials, with high power conversion efficiency (PCE>22%). Perovskite instability, however, has been one of the major obstacles for achieving device performance. Another challenge is the uncontrolled chemistry at the interfaces of the electron/hole transporting layers that limit device function. In order to facilitate an efficient charge transport, graphene-derived nanomaterials made from graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) have replaced metal oxides and polymers. Overcoming the variation in PCE due to the presence of defects at the interfaces of GO and MAPbTx remains a challenge. Therefore, understanding the fundamental nature of defects is necessary to identify the root cause of device performance failure. In order to investigate interfacial defect modification, we utilize an in situ spectroscopy characterization approach to study chemical interactions at GO/MAPbTx interfaces. We find that halide anions of the perovskite precursors determine defect nucleation in GO, and thereby the growth mechanism. These results demonstrate the need for interface characterization to improve the reliability of perovskite photovoltaics.","PeriodicalId":292399,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126904551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NANO.2017.8117452
Prem S. Thapa-Chetri, Carolina M. Santiago-Robles, N. Martinez-Rivera, I. Torres-Vazquez, V. Joshi, R. Powell, E. Rosa-Molinar
Nanoparticles of several different compositions and lattice structures that have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, X-ray spectroscopic (EDX) analysis, and diffraction patterns may be conjugated to biological targeting agents for use as labels that can localize and differentiate multiple targets at nanometer resolution in complex biological specimens. Small (most 0.8–3.0 nm) particles composed of iron oxide/carbon, gold, iridium and bismuth/silica may be differentiated by both EDX and diffraction patterns and offer the following advantages over conventional colloidal gold labeling: smaller probe size and faster specimen penetration, higher labeling precision, higher, more consistent labeling density, and nearer quantitative labeling. The combination of small probe size and number of compositions available affords increased multiplexing capability.
{"title":"Development and characterization of nanoparticles as imaging probes for correlative optical and electron microscopy","authors":"Prem S. Thapa-Chetri, Carolina M. Santiago-Robles, N. Martinez-Rivera, I. Torres-Vazquez, V. Joshi, R. Powell, E. Rosa-Molinar","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2017.8117452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2017.8117452","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles of several different compositions and lattice structures that have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, X-ray spectroscopic (EDX) analysis, and diffraction patterns may be conjugated to biological targeting agents for use as labels that can localize and differentiate multiple targets at nanometer resolution in complex biological specimens. Small (most 0.8–3.0 nm) particles composed of iron oxide/carbon, gold, iridium and bismuth/silica may be differentiated by both EDX and diffraction patterns and offer the following advantages over conventional colloidal gold labeling: smaller probe size and faster specimen penetration, higher labeling precision, higher, more consistent labeling density, and nearer quantitative labeling. The combination of small probe size and number of compositions available affords increased multiplexing capability.","PeriodicalId":292399,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123078817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1109/NANO.2017.8117396
Mikai Chen, Xiaogan Liang
To realize hardware-based artificial intelligence (AI) systems for practical applications, it is necessary to create new memory devices with multiple (or analog-tunable) long-lasting memory states.[1] In our work, we identify that the interlayer deformation in layered semiconductors can form multiple long-lasting, metastable charge-trapping states, which can be exploited to fabricate memory transistors with multi-bit data storage states. We have demonstrated that both plasma treatment and mechanical shear exfoliation can be used to generate such charge-trapping states, and the fabricated MoS2 and WSe2 memory transistors have 2-bit and 3-bit data storage states with year- and day-scale retention times, respectively. This work advances the scientific and technical knowledge for manipulating charge memory states in layered materials and producing multi-bit memory components.
{"title":"Multi-bit memories fabricated through mechanical and plasma induced deformation of layered semiconductors","authors":"Mikai Chen, Xiaogan Liang","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2017.8117396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2017.8117396","url":null,"abstract":"To realize hardware-based artificial intelligence (AI) systems for practical applications, it is necessary to create new memory devices with multiple (or analog-tunable) long-lasting memory states.[1] In our work, we identify that the interlayer deformation in layered semiconductors can form multiple long-lasting, metastable charge-trapping states, which can be exploited to fabricate memory transistors with multi-bit data storage states. We have demonstrated that both plasma treatment and mechanical shear exfoliation can be used to generate such charge-trapping states, and the fabricated MoS2 and WSe2 memory transistors have 2-bit and 3-bit data storage states with year- and day-scale retention times, respectively. This work advances the scientific and technical knowledge for manipulating charge memory states in layered materials and producing multi-bit memory components.","PeriodicalId":292399,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126581356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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