Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v12i7.11502
Prof. Alok Chansoria, Dr. Shahewar Syed, Mrs. Charu Kohli
Inside the Haveli, the prestigious Sahitya Academy Award winner English novel written by Rama Mehta, a notable novelist of India of the 20th century, presents the tale of an urban young woman, Geeta, and her struggle to preserve her identity and individuality in the traditional surroundings of the haveli of the Rajputs, a martial race of India. It gives to the reader a lot to contemplate about the lives of the women of the haveli, their customs and rituals, their rigidity to adapt modern ways and culture, their ignorance towards female education and their willing discrimination towards themselves and other women of the society and household. Through this novel, Rama Mehta tries to convey that every woman is blessed with an inner strength and it is not necessary to rebel to preserve one’s identity. Geeta does not rebel against adverse circumstances and does not insult any relationship, but on the other hand, in a very dignified way, maintaining her individuality, discovers the path of her emancipation.
拉玛-梅塔（Rama Mehta）是 20 世纪印度著名的小说家，他的英文小说《哈维利庄园内》（Inside the Haveli）获得了著名的 Sahitya Academy 奖，小说讲述了城市年轻女性吉塔（Geeta）的故事，以及她在印度武术种族拉杰普特人（Rajputs）传统的哈维利庄园环境中为维护自己的身份和个性而进行的斗争。这部小说给读者带来了许多关于哈里妇女生活的思考，她们的习俗和礼仪，她们对现代方式和文化的僵化适应，她们对女性教育的无知，以及她们对自己和社会上其他妇女及家庭的一厢情愿的歧视。通过这部小说，拉玛-梅塔试图传达这样一个信息：每个女人都有一种内在的力量，没有必要为了维护自己的身份而反抗。吉塔没有反抗不利的环境，也没有侮辱任何关系，而是以一种非常高贵的方式，保持自己的个性，发现了自己的解放之路。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v12i3.11484
Ahinasha N.S.
O. Chandumenon's Indulekha, published in 1889, is generally considered to be the first Malayalam novel. The book was a complete success. The first edition sold out within three months and the English translation was published within a year. By 1989, the 100th anniversary of the novel's publication,
{"title":"Literature as a Vehicle for Ideas: Indulekha and the Victorianization of Kerala Society","authors":"Ahinasha N.S.","doi":"10.24113/ijellh.v12i3.11484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v12i3.11484","url":null,"abstract":"O. Chandumenon's Indulekha, published in 1889, is generally considered to be the first Malayalam novel. The book was a complete success. The first edition sold out within three months and the English translation was published within a year. By 1989, the 100th anniversary of the novel's publication, ","PeriodicalId":292584,"journal":{"name":"SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH","volume":"104 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v12i3.11485
Sharon Hooda
August Wilson's Ma Rainey's Black Bottom is a theatrical masterpiece that not only captures the essence of the jazz era but also delves into the complexities of the African American experience, including the role of religion. Religion serves as a nuanced backdrop that adds depth to the characters and their experiences. This paper delves into how religion is portrayed in the play, particularly in the context of spirituality and music, and how it influences the characters and their worldviews. By analysing the spiritual power of music, the contrasting perspectives of Levee and Jeremy on religion, and the subtle religious symbolism, this paper sheds light on the intersection of spirituality and artistry in the lives of Black musicians in 1920s Chicago.
{"title":"Ma Rainey's Spiritual Blues: Exploring the Intersection of Religion and Musicin Ma Rainey's Black Bottom","authors":"Sharon Hooda","doi":"10.24113/ijellh.v12i3.11485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v12i3.11485","url":null,"abstract":"August Wilson's Ma Rainey's Black Bottom is a theatrical masterpiece that not only captures the essence of the jazz era but also delves into the complexities of the African American experience, including the role of religion. Religion serves as a nuanced backdrop that adds depth to the characters and their experiences. This paper delves into how religion is portrayed in the play, particularly in the context of spirituality and music, and how it influences the characters and their worldviews. By analysing the spiritual power of music, the contrasting perspectives of Levee and Jeremy on religion, and the subtle religious symbolism, this paper sheds light on the intersection of spirituality and artistry in the lives of Black musicians in 1920s Chicago.","PeriodicalId":292584,"journal":{"name":"SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH","volume":"100 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v12i2.11479
Dr. Pramod Kumar
This article endeavours critically to analyse and evaluate the life experiences of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in his autobiography, Waiting for a Visa. A literary autobiography is truly a full and actual portrayal of the truthful incidents, pains, pleasures, actions, achievements, successes and failures of a protagonist's life. It is genuinely a life story of a great person authored by himself or herself. Ambedkar's autobiography entitled Waiting for a Visa presents justifiably a true story of the experiences, observations, sufferings and struggles of the character hero’s life and gives authentically a deep insight into the inner-outer personality and public life of Ambedkar and his contemporaries. Apart from introducing a detailed description of his life the autobiographer, Ambedkar, reveals actually an abridged account of his life- experiences and observations that are much more significant and relevant to the modern world than merely introducing dates and events of his life. Ambedkar is popularly known as the father of Indian constitution and is immensely honored as one of the most intellectual personalities ever born in Indian society. This study evaluates objectively that Ambedkar's autobiography, Waiting for a Visa contains continuously historical, cultural and intellectual significance in the moral evolution of several communities of Indian life. It reveals dispassionately the literary relevance of the major issues that the autobiographer raised fearlessly through his bitters experiences of evil practice of untouchability in Indian national life. The narrated conflict in the autobiography is wholly a literary device that stands for a struggle between the two conflicting forces. One represents moral language, conduct and dignity while the other represents immoral language, conduct and evil practice of untouchability. The conflict plays a vital role of struggle that creates crucial hardships in this life story of Ambedkar and is used to move the autobiography forward. In Waiting for a Visa Ambedkar tirelessly struggles for his education, water, food, shelter and safety. It is exceptionally appreciable and inspirational. With the help of moral and humanitarian values like meekness, kindness, courage and patience Ambedkar endeavors powerfully to overcome the immoral thinking, attitude of the Hundus who were responsible for this injustice. He fought bravely against conservative tradition, custom, false belief, superstitions, social discrimination and immoral people who made Dalit people deprived of their basic and existential rights and due dignity on the ground of the hierarchical system in Indian national life. He uses technically the first person pronoun such as I, me, my, we, us, our.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v12i2.11478
Satarupa Sengupta
This essay takes a look at Munshi Premchand’s short story “The Woman Who Sold Grass” (“Ghaaswali”, 1929) that represents the harassment of a Dalit woman grass cutter that is not reported to the police so that no corrective justice is offered although the woman herself criticizes the caste-based assessment of her identity. The harasser, the upper-caste landlord Chain Singh, offers a form of reparation that resembles distributive justice for a Dalit family after observing the Dalit woman being verbally harassed by working-class “lower-caste” coachmen. M.M. Vinodini’s short story “The Parable of the Lost Daughter” (translation first published in 2013) is also examined for its representation of upward mobility and distributive justice for a young Dalit Christian woman who belongs to a working-class family and becomes a research scholar but decides to conform to Brahmanical practices on her way to empowerment and to erase her Dalit Christian identity. This seems to imply that distributive justice in India perhaps encourages compliance with upper-caste practices and fortifies the patriarchal category of caste itself. Her abuse by the father and brother-in-law of her close friend encourages her “return” to the patriarchal category of caste. The essay concludes by referring to Dr Ambedkar’s speech “We Too Are Human” that argues for the extermination of the Hindu caste hierarchy. The essay concludes that the visibility of Dalit and “lower-caste” communities, especially women, and their literature and cultural forms has to be amplified through the visible operation of corrective and distributive justice against all attempts to obliterate them.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v12i1.11478
Dr Sandhya Tiwari
Representation in literature goes beyond mere inclusion; it is about providing accurate and nuanced portrayals of different identities. In literature, identity is not limited to a single dimension but encompasses a multitude of factors such as race, gender, sexuality, class, and more. Authors often use their works to explore the intersections of these identities, highlighting the ways in which they shape individuals’ experiences and interactions with the world. This research article examines the theme of contemporary migrations and fractured identities in Kamila Shamshie’s novel Home Fire (2017). The study delves into the complex portrayal of identity in the novel, exploring how the characters grapple with their cultural, religious, and personal identities as they migrate. It analyzes the novel’s narrative and character development using the concept of chorography, which maps and represents spatial and cultural phenomena. The article sheds light on the complexities faced by migrants, particularly those from Muslim backgrounds, as they navigate cultural assimilation, religious identity, and the clash between tradition and modernity. It examines how migration can lead to a fragmentation of identities, exploring struggles with belonging, cultural boundaries, and the impact of political and social factors. The article also investigates the role of memory and history in shaping characters' identities and experiences of migration. It is an earnest attempt to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between migrations and fractured identity of the Muslim community in the contemporary global scenario, contributing to the existing literature on migration studies and identity formations. Through a close analysis of the text, the article highlights the ways in which these fractured identities impact the characters’ sense of belonging and their interactions with others.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v12i1.11474
Shubhangi Singh, Dr. Vijay Negi
The relationship between nature and culture has been a topic of interest for scholars and researchers across various disciplines for decades. However, the gendered aspects of this connection have not received sufficient attention until recent times. This paper aims to explore how gender plays a crucial role in shaping the interactions between human societies and the natural world. The gendered approach towards the study of nature and culture provides a critical lens to examine how gendered identities and roles shape human interactions with nature. Feminist scholars have argued that the dominant discourse surrounding nature and culture is androcentric, meaning it prioritizes male perspectives and experiences. This bias has led to a lack of understanding of how gender influences human-nature relationships, and how gendered experiences are inextricably linked to environmental issues. Through an analysis of statements and works by various authors and critics, this paper demonstrates that the gendered approach to the study of nature and culture is critical in addressing the pressing environmental issues we face today. It highlights the importance of recognizing the diverse ways in which gender shapes human interactions with the environment, and how the intersection of gender, nature, and culture is essential for creating sustainable and just societies.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-28DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v12i1.11473
Ms. Abish Jebeshy R
Discrimination against men and women is largely made possible by the gendered division of space. It is normal for men to occupy public spaces, whereas women are restricted to domestic spaces like kitchen. As Indian society is patriarchal, it resonates with the mainstream discourse of spatial gender division. Women’s access to sports is limited by this gendered spatial setup as sporting activities are performed in so-called public spaces; traditionally, sports have been considered a “male preserve.” (Theberge, 1985) Adventure sports like skydiving, surfing, skating, mountain climbing, and mountaineering are traditionally performed by men. Hence, the mere participation of women in these activities challenges the masculine hegemony and gendered division of space that these activities entail. This paper critically examines the documentary titled, “Kamali” (2019) directed by Sasha Rainbow, which tells the inspiring story of Kamali Moorthy, a young skateboarder challenging societal norms in a small fishing village in Tamil Nadu, India. By employing Doreen Massey's space, place, and gender theory, the paper seeks to examine how the film explores the intersections of space, place, and gender within the cultural context. Doreen Massey's theoretical framework emphasizes the fluidity and relational nature of space and place, challenging fixed and essentialist perspectives.
{"title":"Navigating Spaces, Transforming Places: A Masseyan Analysis of Gender Empowerment in Kamali","authors":"Ms. Abish Jebeshy R","doi":"10.24113/ijellh.v12i1.11473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v12i1.11473","url":null,"abstract":"Discrimination against men and women is largely made possible by the gendered division of space. It is normal for men to occupy public spaces, whereas women are restricted to domestic spaces like kitchen. As Indian society is patriarchal, it resonates with the mainstream discourse of spatial gender division. Women’s access to sports is limited by this gendered spatial setup as sporting activities are performed in so-called public spaces; traditionally, sports have been considered a “male preserve.” (Theberge, 1985) Adventure sports like skydiving, surfing, skating, mountain climbing, and mountaineering are traditionally performed by men. Hence, the mere participation of women in these activities challenges the masculine hegemony and gendered division of space that these activities entail. This paper critically examines the documentary titled, “Kamali” (2019) directed by Sasha Rainbow, which tells the inspiring story of Kamali Moorthy, a young skateboarder challenging societal norms in a small fishing village in Tamil Nadu, India. By employing Doreen Massey's space, place, and gender theory, the paper seeks to examine how the film explores the intersections of space, place, and gender within the cultural context. Doreen Massey's theoretical framework emphasizes the fluidity and relational nature of space and place, challenging fixed and essentialist perspectives.","PeriodicalId":292584,"journal":{"name":"SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH","volume":"160 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140491494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-28DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v12i1.11475
Tanya Sharma, Prof. Dr. Parul Yadav
Gothic is now a significant genre that rules the artistic world in India and is loved, appreciated, and demanded by the audience. Gothic evolved further in India as the cruelty imposed by the British Raj increased, and slavery, discrimination, loss, pain, and war inspired the authors to write more about them. People could relate more to the Gothic genre because it was either a reflection of their current situations or the fiction in these stories was a distraction from their everyday problems. This paper aims at the emergence of the numerous elements related to Gothicism. It will also uncover the rising popularity of these Gothic elements in the country since the 18th Century. Many gothic elements, like horror, fear, mystery, supernatural, sadism, etc., are an integral part of the Gothic genre, drawing not just readers towards the genre but also inspiring the next generation of writers. The aspects highlighted in this paper include the various elements used in Gothic literature since the 18th Century and why people are attracted to this genre.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v7i12.10219
Waheeda Bi Khan
We have come a long way from the days of human spies to strange gadgets of James Bond or Mission Impossible to the microchips and drones to the government funded agencies like National Security agency that have access to all the telephone and Internet records through the Telecom companies. Surveillance can be viewed as a violation of privacy, while authoritarian governments seldom have any domestic restrictions as against the so called liberal democracy. Over the past 20 years surveillance has become an increasingly important topic within both academic and public debate. A society where privacy and human dignity is eroded or abolished completely or the social divisions and exclusions that are fostered warning us about the current trend of our age.
{"title":"Surveillance in literature: stalking in the name of safety","authors":"Waheeda Bi Khan","doi":"10.24113/ijellh.v7i12.10219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i12.10219","url":null,"abstract":"We have come a long way from the days of human spies to strange gadgets of James Bond or Mission Impossible to the microchips and drones to the government funded agencies like National Security agency that have access to all the telephone and Internet records through the Telecom companies. Surveillance can be viewed as a violation of privacy, while authoritarian governments seldom have any domestic restrictions as against the so called liberal democracy. Over the past 20 years surveillance has become an increasingly important topic within both academic and public debate. A society where privacy and human dignity is eroded or abolished completely or the social divisions and exclusions that are fostered warning us about the current trend of our age.","PeriodicalId":292584,"journal":{"name":"SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139595839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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