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Art and Its Obligations: Towards a Thematic Understanding of Auden’s “Musée des Beaux Arts” 艺术与它的义务:奥登的《美术》的主题理解
Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v11i2.11440
Dr. Gobinda Banik
This study attempts to make a thematic analyse of W.H. Auden’s poem “Musée des Beaux Arts”, which touches on a number of significant issues, including the human condition and its struggles, the significance of art and culture in society, the contrast between the splendour of art and the ordinary reality of life, the fact that pain and suffering are an essential part of the human experience, the concept of the artist as a witness to the world, and so on. The study emphasises how powerful and thought-provoking Auden’s poem is, reflecting on the human condition and the place of art in society. It implies that the poem inspires readers to consider their own tragedies, suffering, and the function of art in the face of such realities. Additionally, it clarifies that the poem is Not only about beauty and historical art, but also about humanity’s hardships and the role that art plays in understanding and recognising those challenges.
本研究试图对W.H.奥登的诗“mus des Beaux Arts”进行主题分析,这首诗触及了一些重要的问题,包括人类状况及其斗争,艺术和文化在社会中的意义,艺术的辉煌与生活的平凡现实之间的对比,痛苦和苦难是人类经验的重要组成部分,艺术家作为世界见证者的概念,等等。这项研究强调了奥登的诗是多么有力和发人深省,反映了人类的状况和艺术在社会中的地位。这意味着,这首诗启发读者思考自己的悲剧、痛苦,以及面对这些现实时艺术的功能。此外,它阐明了这首诗不仅是关于美和历史艺术,而且关于人类的苦难以及艺术在理解和认识这些挑战方面所起的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Paranormal Interest and Contemporariness of Magical Realism in Macbeth. 《麦克白》中的超自然兴趣与魔幻现实主义的当代性。
Pub Date : 2023-02-04 DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v6i8.4796
Dr. Nishtha Mishra
Supernatural presence is something that has been widely acknowledged in Shakespeare’s Macbeth. There issupposedly an abundance of paranormal activity and eeriness in this play. In fact, it is not an over statement to say that paranormal events drive the action in this play. However, with increasing discoveries and broader horizons made available by scientific advancement in 21st century, the supernatural still stands relevant? If so, what has rendered it its contemporariness? A study conducted by Shane Rogers and his team from Clarkson University in the United States observed similarities between paranormal experiences and the hallucinogenic effects of fungal spores (Dagnall Neil, The conversation). This might explain why both Macbeth and Banquo sighted the witches, having been exposed to the same weather conditions which were conducive to the growth of fungi, i.e, “thunder, lightning and rain”. And all the remaining sightings were the fragments of Macbeth’s disturbed mind. However, if the dramatist had intended to eliminate the paranormal interest, he had not designed three scenes, solely devoted to the agents of supernatural or evil, which were the witches.
超自然的存在在莎士比亚的《麦克白》中得到了广泛的认可。据说这部剧里有大量的超自然活动和怪异。事实上,说超自然事件驱动了这部剧的情节并不过分。然而,随着21世纪科学进步带来的越来越多的发现和更广阔的视野,超自然现象仍然存在。如果是这样,是什么使它具有当代性?美国克拉克森大学的谢恩·罗杰斯和他的团队进行的一项研究发现,超自然经历和真菌孢子的致幻作用之间存在相似之处(达格纳尔·尼尔,《对话》)。这也许可以解释为什么麦克白和班柯都在同样有利于真菌生长的天气条件下看到了女巫,即“打雷、闪电和下雨”。所有剩下的目击事件都是麦克白不安的心灵的碎片。然而,如果剧作家打算消除超自然的兴趣,他没有设计三个场景,专门用于超自然或邪恶的代理人,也就是女巫。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural Hegemony and Resistance as Depicted in Zora Neale Hurston’s Colour Struck 佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿的《色彩打击》所描绘的文化霸权与反抗
Pub Date : 2023-02-04 DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v4i2.1172
Nishtha Mishra
AbstractCultural Hegemony though a term from Marxist philosophy certainly goes beyond the much explored field of Marxism into the submerged realm of human psychology. Centuries, decades and years of multicultural influences often lead to cultural assimilation. However, as per Carl Jung’s theory Collective unconscious is always present to guide an individual’s way for cultural resistance. The present paper explores the same in the play Colour Struck written by American Novelist Zora Neale Hurston who is best known for her novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God.
摘要文化霸权虽然是马克思主义哲学的一个术语,但它确实超越了马克思主义的探索领域,进入了人类心理学的潜没领域。几个世纪、几十年甚至几年的多元文化影响往往导致文化同化。然而,根据荣格的理论,集体无意识总是存在,以指导个人进行文化抵抗的方式。美国小说家佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿以其小说《他们的眼睛在注视着上帝》而闻名,本文探讨了这一现象。
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引用次数: 0
Post-Colonial Indian Woman: Journey from Subjugation to Emancipation 后殖民印度妇女:从被征服到解放的旅程
Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v11i1.11400
R. Subramanyam
In terms of emancipation, gender equality, female individuality and identity have become prominent themes in Indian feminist writings in the recent decades. The literary canon is dominated by men in most post-colonial countries. Patriarchal intellectuals did not pay serious attention to early feminist writings and ridiculed their radical ideas regarding women's freedom. It has become a natural social evil that a woman should not think about her freedom in India. This paper explores journey from subjugation to emancipation of Indian woman. Before independence of India, the Indian woman is not given higher education, not given social and political rights, not given economic security and she has to be dumb to ask anything for her existence. Unlike men, Indian feminist writers have been able to shine their subtle talents in the literary world. Indian feminist writers gave a new spirit to the Indian woman with the inspiring works of radical female protagonists in their novels. These works gave Indian woman new ideas, socio-political rights and economic freedom and she gained great confidence to stand with a man to show her influence in all walks of life.
在解放思想方面,性别平等、女性个性和身份成为近几十年来印度女性主义写作的突出主题。在大多数后殖民国家,文学经典是由男性主导的。父权知识分子对早期的女权主义著作并不重视,并嘲笑她们关于妇女自由的激进思想。在印度,女人不应该考虑自己的自由,这已经成为一种自然的社会罪恶。本文探讨了印度妇女从被奴役到解放的历程。在印度独立之前,印度女性没有获得高等教育,没有获得社会和政治权利,没有获得经济保障,她必须愚蠢地为自己的存在提出任何要求。与男性不同,印度女性主义作家能够在文坛上闪耀她们微妙的才华。印度女性主义作家在小说中以激进派女主人公的鼓舞人心的作品,赋予了印度女性新的精神。这些作品给了印度妇女新的思想,社会政治权利和经济自由,她获得了与男人站在一起展示她在各行各业影响力的极大信心。
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引用次数: 0
Geo-Cultural Identity and Multiculturalism in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss 德赛《失落的传承》中的地缘文化认同与多元文化主义
Pub Date : 2023-01-28 DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v11i1.11397
Harmonizing the concerns of geo-cultural claims posited against the ‘melting-pot’ ideology of multicultural societies is a challenge for negotiating a cultural identity. Dominant strains of geo-cultural identities often involve problematising structures such as language, ethnic identity, territorial autonomy, environmental concerns and immigrant rights. This paper seeks to explore Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss for representing the polarities through the sketches of diverse cultural entities whom she conjoins in the mesmeric ‘culture-space’ of the novel. The characters, Jemubhai, Sai, Gyan and Biju, traverse the liminal thresholds of cultural identity within and between the geo-cultural and multicultural space.
协调反对多元文化社会的“大熔炉”意识形态的地缘文化诉求,是协商文化认同的一个挑战。地缘文化认同的主要流派往往涉及语言、种族认同、领土自治、环境问题和移民权利等问题结构。本文试图探讨德赛的《失落的继承》通过对不同文化实体的素描来表现两极,她将这些文化实体结合在小说迷人的“文化空间”中。杰姆拜、赛、吉安和毕居等人物在地缘文化和多元文化空间内部和之间跨越了文化认同的界限。
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引用次数: 0
Brothels as Heterotopic Spaces: An Analysis of the Movie Begum Jaan 妓院作为异位空间:电影《贝古姆·贾恩》分析
Pub Date : 2023-01-28 DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v11i1.11437
Swetha Mary Kurien
Brothels are restricted spaces for individuals who follow and praise the societal norms of morality. But these spaces also give easy access to the patriarchal society to suppress women since they do not fit into the so-called “respective” roles in society. Brothels are usually viewed as spaces for men to fulfill their desire for sex, enhancing their masculinistic peculiarities. Women are always suppressed in these sexual acts as they are viewed as derogatory subjects and forced to subjugate under men. The Bollywood movies have created a series of narrations portraying brothels where the above peculiar characteristics are reinitiated and represented. Contrary to this, the movie Begum Jaan portrays a brothel negating all the stereotypical understandings of it, as argued in the paper. To prove this, the paper views the Brothel in the movie as a “heterotopia,” keeping in mind the concepts related to gender, power, and space itself through qualitative analysis.
妓院是为那些遵循和赞美社会道德规范的人提供的有限空间。但这些空间也为男权社会压制女性提供了便利,因为她们不适合在社会中所谓的“各自”角色。妓院通常被视为男人满足性欲望的空间,增强了他们的男子气概。女性在这些性行为中总是受到压制,因为她们被视为贬损的主体,被迫屈从于男性。宝莱坞电影创造了一系列描绘妓院的叙事,在这些叙事中,上述独特的特征被重新启动和代表。与此相反,电影Begum Jaan描绘了一个妓院,否定了对它的所有刻板印象,正如论文中所说的那样。为了证明这一点,本文将电影中的妓院视为一个“异托邦”,并通过定性分析,牢记与性别、权力和空间本身相关的概念。
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引用次数: 0
A Married Woman’s Dilemma– A Study of Shashi Deshpande’s That Long Silence 一个已婚妇女的困境——沙什·德什潘德《那漫长的沉默》研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-28 DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v11i1.11390
Ms. Swapna Chandekar
Shashi Despandeis a creative post-colonial writer.She has wonderfully presented the problems,issues,and challenges of a middle-class married woman of modern India. In her novel ‘That Long Silence’ she has portrayed educated middle-class Indian women who get entangled in marriage and traditions.  Jaya is the name of the main character presented by Shashi Despande. Jaya gets married to Mohan who is an educated man working as an engineer in a company. Jaya and Mohan are married for seventeen years and have two children Rahul and Rati. Jaya is not happy in her married life due to the patriarchial role of her husband Mohan. But in these seventeen years,they do not grow close to one another in married life, rather a long silence grew between them.Jaya is in despair in a male-dominated family. Mohan is a man who plays a dominant and leading role in the family. Jaya is dependent on him as a married lady, wife, and mother.Mohan controls her personal and professional life decisions. He limits her freedom of writing and expression as a writer and wants Jaya to write according to his choice. This paper discusses the dilemmas of a married woman living in anguish and hopelessness. In her loneliness, Jaya goes through a self-evaluation of her life. It’s in this fragmented state of the trauma she realizes that her silence can not solve her marriage.So she decides to break her silence and speak with her husband Mohan with the hope to find a solution and restore their marriage.
Shashi Despandeis是一位富有创造力的后殖民作家。她精彩地呈现了现代印度中产阶级已婚妇女的问题、议题和挑战。在她的小说《那漫长的沉默》中,她描绘了受教育的印度中产阶级女性,她们被婚姻和传统纠缠在一起。Jaya是Shashi Despande扮演的主角的名字。Jaya嫁给了Mohan, Mohan是一个受过良好教育的人,在一家公司担任工程师。贾亚和莫汉结婚17年,有两个孩子拉胡尔和拉蒂。由于丈夫莫汉的家长制角色,贾娅在婚姻生活中并不幸福。但在这十七年的婚姻生活中,他们并没有变得更加亲密,而是长时间的沉默。Jaya在一个男性主导的家庭中感到绝望。莫汉是一个在家庭中起主导作用的男人。Jaya依赖他作为一个已婚的女人、妻子和母亲。莫汉控制着她的个人和职业生活的决定。他限制了她作为作家的写作和表达自由,并希望Jaya按照他的选择来写作。本文讨论了一个生活在痛苦和绝望中的已婚妇女的困境。在孤独中,Jaya对自己的生活进行了自我评估。正是在这种支离破碎的创伤状态下,她意识到她的沉默并不能解决她的婚姻。所以她决定打破沉默,和丈夫莫汉谈谈,希望找到解决办法,恢复他们的婚姻。
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引用次数: 0
Brothels as Heterotopic Spaces: An Analysis of the Movie Begum Jaan 妓院作为异位空间:电影《贝古姆·贾恩》分析
Pub Date : 2023-01-28 DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v11i1.11393
Swetha Mary Kurien
Brothels are restricted spaces for individuals who follow and praise the societal norms of morality. But these spaces also give easy access to the patriarchal society to suppress women since they do not fit into the so-called “respective” roles in society. Brothels are usually viewed as spaces for men to fulfill their desire for sex, enhancing their masculinistic peculiarities. Women are always suppressed in these sexual acts as they are viewed as derogatory subjects and forced to subjugate under men. The Bollywood movies have created a series of narrations portraying brothels where the above peculiar characteristics are reinitiated and represented. Contrary to this, the movie Begum Jaan portrays a brothel negating all the stereotypical understandings of it, as argued in the paper. To prove this, the paper views the Brothel in the movie as a “heterotopia,” keeping in mind the concepts related to gender, power, and space itself through qualitative analysis.
妓院是为那些遵循和赞美社会道德规范的人提供的有限空间。但这些空间也为男权社会压制女性提供了便利,因为她们不适合在社会中所谓的“各自”角色。妓院通常被视为男人满足性欲望的空间,增强了他们的男子气概。女性在这些性行为中总是受到压制,因为她们被视为贬损的主体,被迫屈从于男性。宝莱坞电影创造了一系列描绘妓院的叙事,在这些叙事中,上述独特的特征被重新启动和代表。与此相反,电影Begum Jaan描绘了一个妓院,否定了对它的所有刻板印象,正如论文中所说的那样。为了证明这一点,本文将电影中的妓院视为一个“异托邦”,并通过定性分析,牢记与性别、权力和空间本身相关的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Art and Narrative in From Heaven Lake 《来自天湖》中的艺术与叙事
Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v10i12.11379
Dr. Bipin Chandra Uniyal
Vikram Seth in his travel book ‘’From Heaven Lake’’ adopted photographic technique to portray the inner and external realities of China and Tibetan culture. His photographic technique is vivid and lucid. In this way, he describes it minutely. Through travel Seth has the complete knowledge of the problems that are faced by the people of the present age. He was deeply touched and aware of the rapidly changing social, economic and the political conditions. Seth has an immense variety. He is a man of varied moods, so his range is not confined to one or two subjects. He deals with all aspects of society. In spite of the immense variety of his moods, he portrays characters from middle class life.                                            Seth’s diction in From Heaven Lake is characterised by artless simplicity. His fiction has simplicity of both form and diction. His diction is rich graphically. His narrative technique is completely based on photographic narration. He describes the Chinese feature and the Tibetan religion, folks, and environment through photographic technique.
维克拉姆·赛斯在他的旅行书《来自天湖》中采用摄影技术描绘了中国和西藏文化的内在和外在现实。他的摄影技术生动清晰。他用这种方式详细地描述了它。通过旅行,赛斯对当今时代的人们所面临的问题有了全面的了解。他深受感动,并意识到迅速变化的社会、经济和政治状况。赛斯有着巨大的多样性。他是一个喜怒无常的人,所以他的研究范围并不局限于一两个主题。他涉及社会的各个方面。尽管他的情绪千变万化,但他所描绘的人物都来自中产阶级的生活。赛斯在《来自天湖》中的用词以质朴无华为特点。他的小说形式和措辞都很简单。他的措辞生动丰富。他的叙事手法完全基于摄影叙事。他通过摄影技术描述了中国特色和西藏的宗教、民间和环境。
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引用次数: 0
Theme of Collective Errors of Humanity in Shikasta by Doris Lessing 多丽丝·莱辛《Shikasta》中人类集体错误的主题
Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.24113/ijellh.v10i11.11378
Gautam Chatterjee, Dr. Achala Sharma
At times when the world ready for transformation with deconstruction, Nobel Laureate Doris Lessing (1919 – 2013) is an author whose wholistic vision and prophetic voice is much needed for understanding collective errors of Human beings. The present paper analyses one of her Novels Shikasta where she uses medium of science fiction for showing us the path we have chosen and our impending doom due to that. Furthermore, the analysis is also aimed to show how Lessing uses literature to highlight the issues of colonialism, pollution, population, and draws a subtle connection between them. The paper aims to show Lessing’s views on misguided, unmanaged scientific growth and evolution.
在世界准备以解构主义进行变革的时代,诺贝尔奖得主多丽丝·莱辛(1919 - 2013)是一位非常需要她的整体视野和预言性声音来理解人类集体错误的作家。本文分析了她的小说《Shikasta》,她利用科幻小说的媒介向我们展示了我们所选择的道路以及我们即将面临的厄运。此外,分析还旨在展示莱辛如何利用文学来突出殖民主义、污染、人口等问题,并在它们之间建立微妙的联系。本文旨在展示莱辛对被误导的、无管理的科学成长和进化的看法。
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引用次数: 0
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SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH
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