Pub Date : 2022-12-08DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.224
P. Srinivas, J. Mahadeva, K. Hemalatha, M. B. Nandaprakash, R. Somashekar
Thermodynamic morphism study has been envisaged using search procedure of phase space of polymorphs at a prescribed temperature and pressure(NPT) of several azoxybenzenes based liquid crystalline compounds at room temperature using molecular structure, unit cell information and AMOEBA parameters employing Force Field computation (FFX) calculations. These calculations were carried out at various intermolecular strengths to understand the morphological walk of molecules with corresponding changes in free energy, change in a force field with a strength of the interactions and free energy difference between successive interaction strengths. This study will help us to understand the nature, range and type of mesophase in a series of azoxybenzene compounds.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Morphological Study of Liquid Crystalline Compounds","authors":"P. Srinivas, J. Mahadeva, K. Hemalatha, M. B. Nandaprakash, R. Somashekar","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.224","url":null,"abstract":"Thermodynamic morphism study has been envisaged using search procedure of phase space of polymorphs at a prescribed temperature and pressure(NPT) of several azoxybenzenes based liquid crystalline compounds at room temperature using molecular structure, unit cell information and AMOEBA parameters employing Force Field computation (FFX) calculations. These calculations were carried out at various intermolecular strengths to understand the morphological walk of molecules with corresponding changes in free energy, change in a force field with a strength of the interactions and free energy difference between successive interaction strengths. This study will help us to understand the nature, range and type of mesophase in a series of azoxybenzene compounds.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123323999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-28DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.227
D. Humpherys
Max Planck derived natural units of length, mass, and time on the assumption that each of the universal constants embodies natural units in its unit dimensions. The four natural units and dimensions comprising Planck’s constant infuse more granular elements into the formulas enriching our understanding of the physical constants and the phenomena they represent. The natural units offer a consistent language for comparing classical and quantum mechanical formulas.
{"title":"The Implicit Structure of Planck’s Constant","authors":"D. Humpherys","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.227","url":null,"abstract":"Max Planck derived natural units of length, mass, and time on the assumption that each of the universal constants embodies natural units in its unit dimensions. The four natural units and dimensions comprising Planck’s constant infuse more granular elements into the formulas enriching our understanding of the physical constants and the phenomena they represent. The natural units offer a consistent language for comparing classical and quantum mechanical formulas.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114700538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.215
W. Daywitt
This note reviews the Compton-effect photon scattering and relates it to the spinor nature of the electron and positron cores. The modified wavelength equation is seen to be proportional to the electron Compton radius from the Planck vacuum (PV) theory.
{"title":"The Compton Effect in the Planck Vacuum Theory","authors":"W. Daywitt","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.215","url":null,"abstract":"This note reviews the Compton-effect photon scattering and relates it to the spinor nature of the electron and positron cores. The modified wavelength equation is seen to be proportional to the electron Compton radius from the Planck vacuum (PV) theory.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115923327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.219
M. T. Gning
In this paper we present accurate calculated data of the energy levels of the 1snl1,3Lp states (l = s, p, d; n = 2 – 10) of helium and heliumlike ions up to Z = 12 using the variational approach of the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge (SCUNC) formalism. These calculations are performed by solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation using a new explicitly correlated wave function. A thorough comparison with theoretical predictions available in the literature for the energy levels of the singly excited 1sns1,3Se, 1snp1,3P0and 1snd1,3De Rydberg series is performed. Most of the tabulated results are generally in good agreement with the available reference data, confirming the reliability of our results. SCUNC predictions up to n = 10 may provide reliable atomic data for related experiments in the future.
{"title":"Calculations of Energy Levels of the Singly Excited States (1snl) 1,3Lp for Heliumlike Ions with Z ≤ 12","authors":"M. T. Gning","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.219","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In this paper we present accurate calculated data of the energy levels of the 1snl1,3Lp states (l = s, p, d; n = 2 – 10) of helium and heliumlike ions up to Z = 12 using the variational approach of the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge (SCUNC) formalism. These calculations are performed by solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation using a new explicitly correlated wave function. A thorough comparison with theoretical predictions available in the literature for the energy levels of the singly excited 1sns1,3Se, 1snp1,3P0and 1snd1,3De Rydberg series is performed. Most of the tabulated results are generally in good agreement with the available reference data, confirming the reliability of our results. SCUNC predictions up to n = 10 may provide reliable atomic data for related experiments in the future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127111618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.216
G. Light
Quantum counterfactual communication applies to information transmission that is free from particles commuting in-between; it is at the forefront of the present computing technology. Here, we consider a perfect mirror that reflects any incident photon with 100% probability. By the existing literature, the reflected photon loses a certain amount of energy because a portion of its wave nevertheless gets transmitted. That is, there exist separated photon-less waves that carry energies. We thus consider sending a photon to a perfect mirror and transmitting its wave to a receiver, which by gaining energy obtains the sought information.
{"title":"A Preliminary Outline for Quantum Counterfactual Communication Via Perfect Mirror","authors":"G. Light","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.6.216","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum counterfactual communication applies to information transmission that is free from particles commuting in-between; it is at the forefront of the present computing technology. Here, we consider a perfect mirror that reflects any incident photon with 100% probability. By the existing literature, the reflected photon loses a certain amount of energy because a portion of its wave nevertheless gets transmitted. That is, there exist separated photon-less waves that carry energies. We thus consider sending a photon to a perfect mirror and transmitting its wave to a receiver, which by gaining energy obtains the sought information.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"503 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134370426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.212
S. Dumitru
The idea of new-type articles, named “Perspectives”, announced recently by some leading journals, is suggested to be approached for the controversial question of quantum mechanics interpretation. Firstly, it is revealed briefly the unsatisfactory situation of the nowadays predominant doctrine about that question. Then some basic elements of the proposed approach are presented. Those elements refer to (i) uncertainty relations, (ii) distinction between own tasks of quantum mechanics and description of quantum measurements, (iii) defects of collapse scenarios for measurements, and (iv) depiction of quantum measurements as data transmission stochastic processes. The essay closes with some concluding remarks.
{"title":"Possible Perspective for Quantum Mechanics Interpretation: An Essay-Suggestion","authors":"S. Dumitru","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.212","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of new-type articles, named “Perspectives”, announced recently by some leading journals, is suggested to be approached for the controversial question of quantum mechanics interpretation. Firstly, it is revealed briefly the unsatisfactory situation of the nowadays predominant doctrine about that question. Then some basic elements of the proposed approach are presented. Those elements refer to (i) uncertainty relations, (ii) distinction between own tasks of quantum mechanics and description of quantum measurements, (iii) defects of collapse scenarios for measurements, and (iv) depiction of quantum measurements as data transmission stochastic processes. The essay closes with some concluding remarks.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132512676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.205
D. Wagner
A new experiment demonstrates that although mixed red and green wavelength photons may be perceived by the human eye as yellow, actual yellow wavelength photons are also produced. The experiment is easily repeatable and provides a basis for additional experimentation. The results raise a question as to the accuracy of element percentage predictions based on the intensity of spectrum lines. Other experiments with results supporting the transformation of photons with a given wavelength to photons with a different wavelength, such as the Compton Effect, are discussed. Also, Markarian 501 along with other Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) data are shown to perhaps be the first evidence that photons, like other particles, do not all travel at the same speed in a vacuum. If true, then photons can be treated as other quantum objects whose wavelengths are associated with both rest mass and speed. This possibility provided the motivation to conduct the new experiment.
{"title":"New Experiment Demonstrates Transformation of Visible Photons into Other Visible Photons with Different Energy and Momentum","authors":"D. Wagner","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.205","url":null,"abstract":"A new experiment demonstrates that although mixed red and green wavelength photons may be perceived by the human eye as yellow, actual yellow wavelength photons are also produced. The experiment is easily repeatable and provides a basis for additional experimentation. The results raise a question as to the accuracy of element percentage predictions based on the intensity of spectrum lines. Other experiments with results supporting the transformation of photons with a given wavelength to photons with a different wavelength, such as the Compton Effect, are discussed. Also, Markarian 501 along with other Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) data are shown to perhaps be the first evidence that photons, like other particles, do not all travel at the same speed in a vacuum. If true, then photons can be treated as other quantum objects whose wavelengths are associated with both rest mass and speed. This possibility provided the motivation to conduct the new experiment.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131493451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.210
A. Sfarti
The subject of relativistic length contraction and relativistic time dilation appears very early in textbooks as well as in various forms in papers dedicated to teaching relativity. In his paper, O. D. Jefimenko considers “questionable” the experimental confirmations of these relativistic phenomena and offers an alternative explanation based on electromagnetic retardation. In the following short note, we will deconstruct Jefimenko’s proofs, and we will show their limitations.
{"title":"Comments on The Experimental Proofs of Relativistic Length Contraction and Time Dilation by O. D. Jefimenko","authors":"A. Sfarti","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.210","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of relativistic length contraction and relativistic time dilation appears very early in textbooks as well as in various forms in papers dedicated to teaching relativity. In his paper, O. D. Jefimenko considers “questionable” the experimental confirmations of these relativistic phenomena and offers an alternative explanation based on electromagnetic retardation. In the following short note, we will deconstruct Jefimenko’s proofs, and we will show their limitations.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122229847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-06DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.200
N. Kobasko
In the paper the problem of intensive quenching (IQ) of optimal hardenability (OH) steel in low concentration of water solutions that eliminates film boiling is widely discussed. Currently, for performing IQ processes complicated quench systems and highly costly technological processes are used resulting in the slow application of IQ technologies in the heat-treating industry. Also, there is no complete understanding of what makes OH steel unique, especially after quenching in low concentrations of water polymer solutions. The paper states that OH steel should be quenched in water polymer solutions of low concentration (1%–3%) agitated by hydrodynamic emitters to guarantee the absence of the film boiling process. Optimal results one can obtain if OH steel is composed according to patented methodology and is quenched in condition 0.8≤Kn≤1. All of this simplifies the quenching process resulting in acceleration and wide use of IQ technologies in the heat-treating industry.
{"title":"Optimal Hardenability Steel and Its Future Worldwide Application","authors":"N. Kobasko","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.200","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper the problem of intensive quenching (IQ) of optimal hardenability (OH) steel in low concentration of water solutions that eliminates film boiling is widely discussed. Currently, for performing IQ processes complicated quench systems and highly costly technological processes are used resulting in the slow application of IQ technologies in the heat-treating industry. Also, there is no complete understanding of what makes OH steel unique, especially after quenching in low concentrations of water polymer solutions. The paper states that OH steel should be quenched in water polymer solutions of low concentration (1%–3%) agitated by hydrodynamic emitters to guarantee the absence of the film boiling process. Optimal results one can obtain if OH steel is composed according to patented methodology and is quenched in condition 0.8≤Kn≤1. All of this simplifies the quenching process resulting in acceleration and wide use of IQ technologies in the heat-treating industry.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125388400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.188
M. H. Saad
This work deals with applying X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to detect trace elements in bread samples. The intensities of the lines of these trace elements, as a function of concentration, were measured to establish the sensitivity of the spectrometer. The result obtained that the two peak energies found 3.31 KeV and 13.47 KeV are energies of the Kα peak of K2O and Br respectively. The results obtained that the highest element and compound concentrations in all samples are Nb (11.05–1971.97) ppm and K2O (6.5–51.932) ppm respectively, while the least element and compound concentrations in all samples are Zr (0.34–934.0) ppm and MnO (1.10–14.790) ppm, respectively.
{"title":"Trace Element Analysis for Different Samples of Bread in Sudan Using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry","authors":"M. H. Saad","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.188","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with applying X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to detect trace elements in bread samples. The intensities of the lines of these trace elements, as a function of concentration, were measured to establish the sensitivity of the spectrometer. The result obtained that the two peak energies found 3.31 KeV and 13.47 KeV are energies of the Kα peak of K2O and Br respectively. The results obtained that the highest element and compound concentrations in all samples are Nb (11.05–1971.97) ppm and K2O (6.5–51.932) ppm respectively, while the least element and compound concentrations in all samples are Zr (0.34–934.0) ppm and MnO (1.10–14.790) ppm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127675240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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