Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.3.312
Kazuyasu Shigemoto
We discuss on the problem of the electromagnetic radiation from the accelerated charged particle and the back reaction of that. The free-falling charged particle radiates the electromagnetic wave. The charged particle on the surface of the earth does not radiate the electromagnetic wave. The existence or the non-existence of the electromagnetic radiation from the charged particle and the back reaction of that is independent of the observer, which is consistent with the energy conservation. A paradox comes from combining this phenomenon with the equivalence principle in the theory of the general relativity. We consider the Hawking effect in the context of this paradox. We give our resolution on this paradox.
{"title":"Back Reaction of the Electromagnetic Radiation and the Local Inertial Frame","authors":"Kazuyasu Shigemoto","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.3.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.3.312","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss on the problem of the electromagnetic radiation from the accelerated charged particle and the back reaction of that. The free-falling charged particle radiates the electromagnetic wave. The charged particle on the surface of the earth does not radiate the electromagnetic wave. The existence or the non-existence of the electromagnetic radiation from the charged particle and the back reaction of that is independent of the observer, which is consistent with the energy conservation. A paradox comes from combining this phenomenon with the equivalence principle in the theory of the general relativity. We consider the Hawking effect in the context of this paradox. We give our resolution on this paradox.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":" 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140995644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.310
Jiří Stávek
This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT on the cosmic microwave background (CMB). ChatGPT reviewed the history of the CMB discovery and its development, reacted with a list of important scholars in this field of research, and presented a list of the most stimulating papers from the history of this research. ChatGPT mentioned also a list of scholars who have been working on some alternative interpretations of the CMB together with references to papers not so often cited. ChatGPT gave some proposals for future research in this field and mentioned also some potential possibilities to work with alternative models. However, in order to appear with an alternative scenario, it is very important to explain existing knowledge about the CMB and moreover to propose new tests in order to penetrate deeper into the core of this effect. This conversation could be a quick start up in this field for newcomers.
{"title":"ChatGPT on the Cosmic Microwave Background","authors":"Jiří Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.310","url":null,"abstract":"This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT on the cosmic microwave background (CMB). ChatGPT reviewed the history of the CMB discovery and its development, reacted with a list of important scholars in this field of research, and presented a list of the most stimulating papers from the history of this research. ChatGPT mentioned also a list of scholars who have been working on some alternative interpretations of the CMB together with references to papers not so often cited. ChatGPT gave some proposals for future research in this field and mentioned also some potential possibilities to work with alternative models. However, in order to appear with an alternative scenario, it is very important to explain existing knowledge about the CMB and moreover to propose new tests in order to penetrate deeper into the core of this effect. This conversation could be a quick start up in this field for newcomers.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140684918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.302
W. Daywitt
This paper argues that the equation of motion (EOM) for the electron or proton cores is the relativistic energy-momentum equation from the Compton scattering calculations. It is noted that the Compton radii are constants of the motion.
{"title":"Equation of Motion for the Electron or Proton Cores in Free Space According to the Planck Vacuum Theory","authors":"W. Daywitt","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.302","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000This paper argues that the equation of motion (EOM) for the electron or proton cores is the relativistic energy-momentum equation from the Compton scattering calculations. It is noted that the Compton radii are constants of the motion. \u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"124 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140749704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.306
Kazuyasu Shigemoto
The isotropic coordinate is the more physically meaningful coordinate in the Schwarzschild black hole. Then we apply this isotropic coordinate to the Kerr black hole, and we have found the ergo region does not appear and all metrices gμν become regular even at the “event horizon” in this coordinate. But the determinant det gμν becomes zero at the “event horizon”, which means that gμν becomes singular at the “event horizon”.
{"title":"The Ergo Region of the Kerr Black Hole in the Isotropic Coordinate","authors":"Kazuyasu Shigemoto","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.306","url":null,"abstract":"The isotropic coordinate is the more physically meaningful coordinate in the Schwarzschild black hole. Then we apply this isotropic coordinate to the Kerr black hole, and we have found the ergo region does not appear and all metrices gμν become regular even at the “event horizon” in this coordinate. But the determinant det gμν becomes zero at the “event horizon”, which means that gμν becomes singular at the “event horizon”.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140220725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.307
Jiří Stávek
This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT on the Sagnac effect. ChatGPT reviewed the history of this effect, responded with a list of important scholars in this field of research, gave a list of the most stimulating papers and mentioned also a list of alternative interpretations of the Sagnac effect together with some papers not so often cited. ChatGPT gave some proposals for future research in this field, how to penetrate deeper to the core of this effect. This could be a quick start in this field for newcomers.
{"title":"ChatGPT on the Sagnac Effect","authors":"Jiří Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.307","url":null,"abstract":"This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT on the Sagnac effect. ChatGPT reviewed the history of this effect, responded with a list of important scholars in this field of research, gave a list of the most stimulating papers and mentioned also a list of alternative interpretations of the Sagnac effect together with some papers not so often cited. ChatGPT gave some proposals for future research in this field, how to penetrate deeper to the core of this effect. This could be a quick start in this field for newcomers.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.303
Kazuyasu Shigemoto
We first explain various fundamental concepts. Next, following Susskind’s book, we review the black hole war, which is the 20 years of discussion between Hawking and Susskind, ’t Hooft on the issue of the vanishing of information by the black hole. Finally, we give some questions and comments. We clearly distinguish between the original concept and its analogy.
{"title":"Comments on the Black Hole War","authors":"Kazuyasu Shigemoto","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.303","url":null,"abstract":"We first explain various fundamental concepts. Next, following Susskind’s book, we review the black hole war, which is the 20 years of discussion between Hawking and Susskind, ’t Hooft on the issue of the vanishing of information by the black hole. Finally, we give some questions and comments. We clearly distinguish between the original concept and its analogy.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.294
Alex Ioskevich
This is the first introduction of new and revolutionary aerospace engines and propulsion methods. Our organization is currently developing quantum propulsion systems and space vehicles that will be capable of flying with enormous speed (potentially reaching and exceeding the speed of light) and will have unseen-before manoeuvrability and lifting capacity. They will provide 100% crew protection from deadly sun and space radiation which is essential for safe deep space travel and manned space exploration. They will also provide spacecraft with protection against space particles. To date, we have managed to crack the main secret of practical quantum engine design and we are ready to develop it further into fully operational aerospace vehicles. Quantum propulsion systems are the only systems that can facilitate realistic prospects of space mining on the industrial scale and deep space colonisation, including colonisation of habitable planets in the future. The cost efficiency of this new technology is going to be enormous. Development and production costs of quantum aerospace vehicles compared to production costs of chemical fuel jet spacecraft allow to reduce price per kilo space launch ratio hundreds of times, making deep space exploration and commercialisation more accessible and practically feasible at last. Manufacturing and maintenance of quantum-propelled flying machines that can reach the age of our solar system within hours will be no more expensive than manufacturing jet planes or helicopters of the same size. Quantum propulsion systems are going to replace outdated chemical fuel rocket and jet engines in the near future and will become the mainstay of air travel and space exploration.
{"title":"Quantum Propulsion: Background and Practical Applications","authors":"Alex Ioskevich","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.2.294","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first introduction of new and revolutionary aerospace engines and propulsion methods. Our organization is currently developing quantum propulsion systems and space vehicles that will be capable of flying with enormous speed (potentially reaching and exceeding the speed of light) and will have unseen-before manoeuvrability and lifting capacity. They will provide 100% crew protection from deadly sun and space radiation which is essential for safe deep space travel and manned space exploration. They will also provide spacecraft with protection against space particles. To date, we have managed to crack the main secret of practical quantum engine design and we are ready to develop it further into fully operational aerospace vehicles. Quantum propulsion systems are the only systems that can facilitate realistic prospects of space mining on the industrial scale and deep space colonisation, including colonisation of habitable planets in the future. The cost efficiency of this new technology is going to be enormous. Development and production costs of quantum aerospace vehicles compared to production costs of chemical fuel jet spacecraft allow to reduce price per kilo space launch ratio hundreds of times, making deep space exploration and commercialisation more accessible and practically feasible at last. Manufacturing and maintenance of quantum-propelled flying machines that can reach the age of our solar system within hours will be no more expensive than manufacturing jet planes or helicopters of the same size. Quantum propulsion systems are going to replace outdated chemical fuel rocket and jet engines in the near future and will become the mainstay of air travel and space exploration.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140258967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.1.301
Jiří Stávek
A new alternative model to the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric is presented based on Descartes’ code—the old color theory published in 1637. In this model, the photon spin-orbital speed is slowly decreasing in the free space of the Universe. The formulae for the wavelength, frequency, local time, momentum, energy, temperature, and photon energy dilation are presented for cosmological photons outside of a gravitational field. The Hubble constant H⊕ = 2.3195 ∗ 10−18 s−1 (= 71.572 kms−1Mpc−1) is calculated as (G M⊕)/(R⊕ c3) ∗ dcrotational/dt where G is the Newtonian gravitation constant, M⊕ is the Earth’s mass, R⊕ is the Earth’s radius, and crotational is the rotational speed of Descartes’ light “globules” without any fitting. The cosmological photons expand their wavelength in the Earth’s gravitational field based on the age of those photons determined via their redshift given as (1 + z). This newly defined Hubble constant can be falsified in the gravitational field of the Moon, and Mars. The simple formulae for the angular diameter distance dA, the luminosity distance dL, the distance modulus m—M, the concentration of galaxies at the redshift z can be tested on the recent data. E.g., the distance modulus was several times tested on the cosmological objects till their redshift z = 5 (references to those studies are given). The formula for the angular diameter distance dA was recently tested for the data taken using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) by Lovyagin et al. and the value of dA followed the data trend better than the standard model. This Descartes’ hypothesis can start a discussion of Descartes’ cosmological photons can newly explain experimental data without fitting in Euclidean space.
根据 1637 年发表的笛卡尔密码--古老的色彩理论，提出了弗里德曼-勒梅特尔-罗伯逊-沃克度量的新替代模型。在这个模型中，光子的自旋轨道速度在宇宙的自由空间中缓慢下降。提出了引力场外宇宙光子的波长、频率、局部时间、动量、能量、温度和光子能量扩张公式。哈勃常数 H⊕ = 2.3195 ∗ 10-18 s-1 （= 71.哈勃常数 H⊕ = 2.3195 ∗ 10-18 s-1 (= 71. 572 kms-1Mpc-1) 的计算公式为 (G M⊕)/(R⊕ c3) ∗ dcrotational/dt，其中 G 是牛顿引力常数，M⊕ 是地球质量，R⊕ 是地球半径，crotational 是笛卡尔光 "球体 "在没有任何拟合的情况下的旋转速度。宇宙学光子在地球引力场中的波长是根据这些光子的红移（1 + z）确定的年龄来扩展的。这个新定义的哈勃常数可以在月球和火星的引力场中得到验证。角直径距离 dA、光度距离 dL、距离模量 m-M、红移 z 处星系浓度的简单公式可以在最近的数据中得到验证。例如，对宇宙学天体的距离模数进行了多次测试，直到它们的红移 z = 5（这些研究的参考文献已经给出）。最近，Lovyagin 等人利用詹姆斯-韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）获取的数据对角直径距离 dA 的公式进行了测试，结果 dA 的值比标准模型更符合数据趋势。这一笛卡尔假说可以开启一场关于笛卡尔宇宙学光子可以新解释实验数据而无需欧几里得空间拟合的讨论。
{"title":"The Descartes Code (Spin Orbital Rotation of Photons)–III. The Cosmological Redshift and the Hubble Constant","authors":"Jiří Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.1.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.1.301","url":null,"abstract":"A new alternative model to the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric is presented based on Descartes’ code—the old color theory published in 1637. In this model, the photon spin-orbital speed is slowly decreasing in the free space of the Universe. The formulae for the wavelength, frequency, local time, momentum, energy, temperature, and photon energy dilation are presented for cosmological photons outside of a gravitational field. The Hubble constant H⊕ = 2.3195 ∗ 10−18 s−1 (= 71.572 kms−1Mpc−1) is calculated as (G M⊕)/(R⊕ c3) ∗ dcrotational/dt where G is the Newtonian gravitation constant, M⊕ is the Earth’s mass, R⊕ is the Earth’s radius, and crotational is the rotational speed of Descartes’ light “globules” without any fitting. The cosmological photons expand their wavelength in the Earth’s gravitational field based on the age of those photons determined via their redshift given as (1 + z). This newly defined Hubble constant can be falsified in the gravitational field of the Moon, and Mars. The simple formulae for the angular diameter distance dA, the luminosity distance dL, the distance modulus m—M, the concentration of galaxies at the redshift z can be tested on the recent data. E.g., the distance modulus was several times tested on the cosmological objects till their redshift z = 5 (references to those studies are given). The formula for the angular diameter distance dA was recently tested for the data taken using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) by Lovyagin et al. and the value of dA followed the data trend better than the standard model. This Descartes’ hypothesis can start a discussion of Descartes’ cosmological photons can newly explain experimental data without fitting in Euclidean space.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140458302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.1.300
Jiří Stávek
This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT on the cosmological redshift and the situation with the precise determination of the Hubble constant. ChatGPT during our half-hour conversation reacted promptly to explain to me the basic information about the cosmological redshift and the state of the art in the complex field of the research dealing with the value of the Hubble constant. ChatGPT confirmed the unique position of the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric that is very well supported by the experimental data. However, the weak point of this model is the fitting of data based on an unknown dark energy and an unknown dark matter. ChatGPT was rather skeptical about revealing if there is a way for the development of an alternative model for the static Universe.
{"title":"ChatGPT on the Cosmological Redshift and the Hubble Constant","authors":"Jiří Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.1.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.1.300","url":null,"abstract":"This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT on the cosmological redshift and the situation with the precise determination of the Hubble constant. ChatGPT during our half-hour conversation reacted promptly to explain to me the basic information about the cosmological redshift and the state of the art in the complex field of the research dealing with the value of the Hubble constant. ChatGPT confirmed the unique position of the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric that is very well supported by the experimental data. However, the weak point of this model is the fitting of data based on an unknown dark energy and an unknown dark matter. ChatGPT was rather skeptical about revealing if there is a way for the development of an alternative model for the static Universe.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140459482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.1.296
Jiří Stávek
A new alternative model to the Schwarzschild’s solution of the Einstein's gravitational theory is presented. Descartes’s code is the old color theory (published in 1637) based on the rotation of “light globules”, however, it was rejected by Newton in 1672. In this model, the photon spin-orbital speed is modified by the gravitational field. The formulae for the wavelength, frequency, local time, momentum, energy, and temperature of photons in the gravitational field are identical in the first order both for the Schwarzschild solution and Descartes’ code. To experimentally determine the predictions of Descartes’ photon model we have to search for the experiments in the second order or for the situations where the standard model has to postulate some hidden elements (e.g., the dark matter). Some examples are presented here. The new interpretations of the bending of light by the Sun and the Shapiro time delay are given. The Anderson acceleration constant known as the Pioneer anomaly was derived as the effect of the Earth’s gravitational field on photons. Similar acceleration could be found in invaluable data from the Laser Lunar Ranging experiment. Stellar photons are modified by the Solar gravitational field at the distance of 1 AU and the acceleration constant identical to the Milgrom acceleration (MOND gravitational model) was derived. Therefore, we should study in more detail the influence of the Solar, Earth’s, and Moon’s gravitational fields on photons to avoid traps with false gravitational models.
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