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Simple but Exact Calculations of Spiral Galaxy Velocities Solely Based upon Observed Galactic Matter (An Alternative Model) 仅基于观测到的星系物质的螺旋星系速度的简单而精确的计算(另一种模型)
Pub Date : 2022-09-24 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.167
Forrest W. Noble, T. M. Cooper
The model we are proposing, based upon our research, makes exact predictions of spiral galaxy velocity profiles (stellar velocities) solely based upon a galaxy’s observed galactic matter, totally contrary to the dark matter hypothesis. Making exact predictions for all symmetric spiral galaxies is something that no other model can do, based upon our research. Based on our preconceived hypothesis, the goal of our research was to correctly explain the reasons for observed spiral galaxy velocity profiles and to propose new equations, if needed, for such calculations. In contrast, our research has shown that dark matter proposals usually make very poor predictors of stellar velocities within spiral galaxies and elsewhere based upon assumptions of normal matter distribution. Another goal of our research was to explain increased velocities observed in galaxy clusters, and velocity anomalies within the observable universe, based on the same proposed mechanism. We also explain that modified-gravity models have their own problems relating to predictions of galaxy-cluster velocities and must also propose unseen, but known matter for these calculations. The alternative model being presented proposes what can be called background Field-Flow dynamics. Its unique Newtonian-style equations, and their exact predictions concerning all spiral galaxies studied and presented, we believe are very convincing evidence in support of this model and proposal.
基于我们的研究,我们提出的模型完全基于观测到的星系物质,对螺旋星系的速度曲线(恒星速度)做出了精确的预测,这与暗物质假说完全相反。根据我们的研究,对所有对称螺旋星系做出精确的预测是其他模型无法做到的。基于我们先入为主的假设,我们研究的目标是正确解释观测到的螺旋星系速度分布的原因,并提出新的方程,如果需要的话,用于此类计算。相比之下,我们的研究表明,暗物质的建议通常不能很好地预测螺旋星系和其他地方的恒星速度,这是基于正常物质分布的假设。我们研究的另一个目标是,基于同样提出的机制,解释在星系团中观测到的速度增加,以及可观测宇宙中的速度异常。我们还解释说,修正的引力模型在预测星系团速度方面有其自身的问题,并且必须为这些计算提供看不见但已知的物质。另一种被提出的模型被称为背景场流动力学。它独特的牛顿式方程,以及它们对研究和提出的所有螺旋星系的精确预测,我们相信是支持这个模型和建议的非常有说服力的证据。
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引用次数: 1
A Study On the Local Weather Synthesis by The Adjusted Inverse Distance Weighted (AIDW) Interpolation 调整逆距离加权(AIDW)插值法合成局地天气的研究
Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.204
Md. Abdul Al Mohit, Md. Towhiduzzaman
In this study, a modified spatial interpolation method called Adjusted Inverse Distance Weighted (AIDW) is used to analyze meteorological data around the Islamic University, Bangladesh. For the analysis of meteorological data, data were collected from different areas of Islamic University, Kushtia by the well-known portable weather meter Kestrel 3500 weather meter. For the synthesis of the observed data, an efficient solution to the problem of two dimensional interpolation from irregularly-spaced data points in order to anticipate and calculate the desired value, a non-uniform distribution of sample points is used. This method of research is used on some important parameters related to weather and the weather of the study area. A reasonable agreement with the observed and synthesis data of Adjusted Inverse Distance Weighted (AIDW) interpolation was found in this study.
在这项研究中,一种改进的空间插值方法被称为调整逆距离加权(AIDW),用于分析孟加拉国伊斯兰大学周围的气象数据。为了分析气象数据,使用著名的便携式气象仪Kestrel 3500在库什蒂亚伊斯兰大学的不同地区收集数据。为了对观测数据进行综合,采用非均匀分布的采样点,有效地解决了从不规则间隔的数据点进行二维插值以预测和计算期望值的问题。将这种研究方法应用于与天气和研究区天气有关的一些重要参数。本研究结果与AIDW插值的观测数据和综合数据具有较好的一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Proton and Neutron as 3D Construction 质子和中子作为三维结构
Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.194
H. J. Scheuber
In this paper, there will be shown in construction how the virtual particles, the 3 quarks, build up with 3 gluons the Neutron and the Proton, the basic particles (together with the electrons) of the atoms. It is known that the whole matter consists of the 3 in confinement closed quark particles, for the Neutron as Down, down & up and for the Proton as Up, up & down, enhanced and reinforced with 3 gluon particles. The exact position of the 6 quarks and 8 gluons Elementary particles can be shown only constructively, as the constructions of Gell-Mann and Weinberg were removed in 1960 and 1967 by Quantum Mechanics and replaced by the laborious Lagrange mathematic formulas, therefore accessible only to a few experts. But here the non-mathematicians can see in a System of maximal probability the stationary order of Elementary particles.  
在本文中,我们将在构造中展示虚粒子,即3个夸克,是如何用3个胶子——中子和质子,原子的基本粒子(连同电子)——组成的。已知整个物质是由3个禁闭中的闭夸克粒子组成的,中子为Down、Down和up,质子为up、up和Down,并被3个胶子粒子增强和增强。6个夸克和8个胶子基本粒子的确切位置只能被构造性地显示出来,因为盖尔曼和温伯格的构造在1960年和1967年被量子力学移除,取而代之的是费力的拉格朗日数学公式,因此只有少数专家可以使用。但是在这里,非数学家可以在最大概率系统中看到基本粒子的固定顺序。
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引用次数: 0
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle in the Planck Vacuum Theory 普朗克真空理论中的海森堡测不准原理
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.195
W. Daywitt
This paper derives the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle from the Planck vacuum (PV) state that consists of a degenerate collection of nonrelativistic Planck particle (PP) cores. The mechanism leading to this result is the quantization of the Planck action associated with the PP energies. The reduced Planck constant itself is closely connected to the spin coefficient of the PP, the proton, and the electron cores.
本文从由非相对论普朗克粒子核的简并集合组成的普朗克真空(PV)态推导出海森堡测不准原理。导致这一结果的机制是与PP能量相关的普朗克作用的量子化。约化普朗克常数本身与PP、质子和电子核的自旋系数密切相关。
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引用次数: 1
Orbit of an Extended Body in a Repulsive Field: Toward an Electromagnetically Bound Nucleus 在排斥场中扩展体的轨道:朝向一个电磁束缚的原子核
Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.125
D. L. Selke
The point particle assumption is unjustified. Inspired by Randell Mills’ classical extended electron model, we ask whether an asymmetrically positively charged ring can orbit a positive point charge in a stable manner. We numerically simulate this system up to five million time steps and find that the point remains inside the ring. The ring and point represent two simplified protons that orbit under repulsion, a behavior inconceivable with point charges, but which may occur in nature. The simulation source code is provided.
点粒子假设是不合理的。受Randell Mills经典扩展电子模型的启发,我们提出了一个不对称带正电的环能否以稳定的方式围绕一个正点电荷运行的问题。我们对这个系统进行了500万步的数值模拟,发现点仍然在环内。环和点代表两个在排斥力作用下运行的简化质子,这种行为在点电荷中是不可想象的,但在自然界中可能会发生。给出了仿真源代码。
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引用次数: 0
Photonic Impacts on Photosynthesis Phenomena Based On Crops Leaves 光子对作物叶片光合现象的影响
Pub Date : 2022-08-20 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.199
Sharad Oli, S. Dhobi, J. Nakarmi, K. Yadav
The objective of this work is to study the photonic force and impulses on a leaf, intensity after passing through the leaf, and molecular cross-section chlorophyll of the leaf. To study we use analytical and computational methods. The observation shows that photonic force and impulse on leaves of crops decrease with wavelength, intensity also decreases with the thickness of leaves and molecular cross-section of Chlorophyll a type is lesser than Chlorophyll b type. A study of this parameter shows the huge impact on the photosynthesis phenomena of plants which further disturbed the growth of plants in different parts of their body. With the study, it is also found that the spectrum of the visible range is suitable for the photosynthesis process because the energy gap of Chlorophyll a type and Chlorophyll b type lie in the visible spectrum region. In addition, the higher energy spectrum damages the photosynthesis process by damaging Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b. Hence, this study shows how the force, impulse, intensity, and molecular cross section affect the photosynthesis process and diet of plants which is related to leaves.
本工作的目的是研究叶片上的光子力和脉冲、通过叶片后的强度以及叶片的分子截面叶绿素。我们用分析和计算的方法来研究。结果表明,作物叶片上的光子力和光子脉冲随波长的增加而减小,强度随叶片厚度的增加而减小,且叶绿素a型的分子截面小于叶绿素b型。对该参数的研究表明,对植物光合作用现象的影响是巨大的,进一步干扰了植物体内不同部位的生长。通过研究还发现,由于叶绿素a型和叶绿素b型的能隙位于可见光谱区,因此可见光范围的光谱适合于光合作用过程。此外,较高的能谱通过破坏叶绿素a和叶绿素b来破坏光合作用过程。因此,本研究揭示了力、冲量、强度和分子截面如何影响植物的光合作用过程和与叶片有关的饮食。
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引用次数: 0
General Relativity in the Planck Vacuum Theory 普朗克真空理论中的广义相对论
Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.180
W. Daywitt
This short paper compares the classical Newton gravitational equation to the Einstein curvature tensor and shows that the two are intimately related. The calculation expands the Newton force to be more in line with the Einstein and Schwarzschild tensors.
这篇短文将经典牛顿引力方程与爱因斯坦曲率张量进行了比较,并表明两者是密切相关的。计算扩展了牛顿力,使之更符合爱因斯坦和史瓦西张量。
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引用次数: 0
Evidence of Stable Isotope 13C Causing All Cancers 稳定同位素13C导致所有癌症的证据
Pub Date : 2022-08-14 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.187
Reginald B. Little
Evidence for a general mechanism of genesis of all cancers is given by presenting a puzzle and using recent results of aspartame and acesulfame-K to fit the pieces of the cancer puzzle together for proof of the mechanism of oncogenesis. Aspartame and acesulfame-K have been linked to cancer. Aspartame is a modified dipeptide (methylated phenylalanine (modified) and aspartic acid), so modified amino acids were thought to be more innocuous. The author previously noted isotopically enriched and/or clumped bond-specific amino acids and oligonucleotides have different biochemical reactions for different biology. Acesulfame-K is not a peptide or oligonucleotide but it has some similar chemical structure to oligonucleoside and reversibly decomposes to affect oligonucleosides and affect cells and bacteria cells like E Coli for producing isotopically enriched amino acids indirectly. E. Coli is present in the human digestive system and is known to accelerate stable isotope enrichment of amino acids with 13C, 15N, and/or 17O. Thereby acesulfame-K and aspartame induce isotopic enrichments and excessive 13C, 15N, and/or 17O introductions into proteins and nucleic acids. Such effects of 13C isotopes as induced by the bacteria and these chemicals like aspartame and acesulfame-K may be coupled to effects of static magnetic field(s) and radio frequency electromagnetic waves for explaining the complexity of results and inconsistent results from separating these effects. Thereby the 13C isotope enriched phenylalanine and/or aspartic acid may be the basis of malfunctioning normal cells for the genesis of cancer. Further support for this theory of 13C causing cancer by ingestion of aspartame is given by also noting the mystery and confounding results of monosodium glutamate causing cancer as the glutamate is synthesized by bacterial culture and the resulting ingested glutamic acid enriched with 13C and 15N and possibly 17O causes adverse biochemistry and enzymatics (relative to glutamate from healthy plants and animals rather than the bacterial industrial glutamate in MSG) for cancer and other diseases as explaining the observation of cancer and other diseases from acute and chronic MSG ingestion over months and years. The third case of bacterial production of insulin during the last 25 years for recent correlation to insulin causing cancer relative to less cancer from older methods of insulin production is more evidence of bacterial production of amino acids and peptides causing enriched heavy isotopes and the resulting enriched amino acids and peptides causing cancer relative to ingestion of 13C enriched carbohydrates.
所有癌症发生的一般机制的证据是通过提出一个难题,并利用阿斯巴甜和安赛胺- k的最新结果将癌症难题的各个部分拼凑在一起,以证明肿瘤发生的机制。阿斯巴甜和安赛蜜k与癌症有关。阿斯巴甜是一种修饰的二肽(甲基化苯丙氨酸(修饰)和天冬氨酸),因此修饰的氨基酸被认为是更无害的。作者先前指出,同位素富集和/或聚集的键特异性氨基酸和寡核苷酸对不同的生物学有不同的生化反应。乙酰氨基磺酸k不是肽或寡核苷酸,但它与寡核苷具有一些相似的化学结构,并可可逆分解影响寡核苷,间接影响细胞和细菌细胞如大肠杆菌产生同位素富集氨基酸。大肠杆菌存在于人体消化系统中,已知它能加速含有13C、15N和/或17O的氨基酸的稳定同位素富集。因此,乙酰磺胺- k和阿斯巴甜诱导同位素富集和过量的13C、15N和/或17O引入蛋白质和核酸。细菌和阿斯巴甜和安赛胺- k等化学物质诱导的13C同位素的这种影响可能与静态磁场和射频电磁波的影响相耦合,以解释分离这些影响的结果的复杂性和不一致的结果。因此,13C同位素富集的苯丙氨酸和/或天冬氨酸可能是癌症发生的正常细胞功能失调的基础。进一步支持13C通过摄入阿斯巴甜致癌的理论,还注意到谷氨酸钠致癌的神秘和令人困惑的结果,因为谷氨酸是通过细菌培养合成的,由此摄入的富含13C和15N以及可能的17O的谷氨酸会导致不良的生物化学和酶作用(相对于来自健康植物和动物的谷氨酸,而不是味精中的细菌工业谷氨酸),从而导致癌症和其他疾病解释了癌症和其他疾病在几个月和几年的时间里由急性和慢性味精摄入引起的观察。在过去的25年里,细菌生产胰岛素的第三个案例与胰岛素致癌的相关性相对于旧的胰岛素生产方法较少的癌症是更多的证据,表明细菌生产氨基酸和肽导致富集的重同位素以及由此产生的富集的氨基酸和肽导致癌症相对于摄入富含13C的碳水化合物。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the activity of 238U, 40K, and 232Th in soil samples at Yanbu Al-Bahr City in KSA 沙特阿拉伯Yanbu Al-Bahr市土壤样品中238U、40K和232Th活性评价
Pub Date : 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.191
M. H. Saad
The activity of radionuclides Uranium-238, Thorium-232, and Potassium-40 in soil samples collected from different areas in Yanbu city were analyzed using Gamma Spectrometry based on the HPGe detector CANBERRA model, with a relative efficiency of 40%. The activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with the world average activity of the soil, it was found that the activity of 238U in samples ranged from (19.4 - 30.8) Bq/kg. And for 232Th, the activity in samples ranged from (8.7 – 26.6) Bq/kg. While the activity of 40K in samples ranged from (332.1 - 638.0) Bq/kg. In addition, the average dose rate in the air is 50.84 nGy/h. It can be said that the activity of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in the study areas and the dose rate in the air is within the average world limits, (UNSCEAR 2000).
采用基于堪培拉HPGe探测器模型的伽马能谱法分析了盐埠市不同地区土壤样品中放射性核素铀-238、钍-232和钾-40的活度,相对效率为40%。将这些放射性核素的活度浓度与世界土壤平均活度进行比较,发现样品中238U的活度在(19.4 ~ 30.8)Bq/kg之间。232Th的活性范围为(8.7 ~ 26.6)Bq/kg。样品中40K的活性范围为(332.1 ~ 638.0)Bq/kg。此外,空气中的平均剂量率为50.84 nGy/h。可以说,研究区内238U、232Th和40K的活度及其在空气中的剂量率均在世界平均限值之内(UNSCEAR 2000)。
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引用次数: 0
Inerton Communication: Future of Wireless 惯性通信:无线的未来
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.4.193
V. Krasnoholovets
A wireless communication based not on the electromagnetic field, but on a massotension field is discussed. Currently radio communication is based on the electromagnetic field whose carriers are photons. A re-examination of quantum mechanics indicates that a particle’s wave psi-function, i.e. the matter waves, is projected to real physical space as the particle wrapped in a cloud of spatial excitations that carry fragments of mass. These fragments can be interpreted as carriers of the force of inertia and hence it is reasonable to term them ‘inertons’. Inertons carry mass properties of the particle and provide for a short-range action between material objects, which is beyond the quantum mechanical formalism, though allows a detailed study in the framework of the submicroscopic mechanics developed in real space by the author. Since a receiver of inertons has already been deigned, arguments are presented that a transmitter of inertons can also be designed with relative ease, which will initiate the era of inerton communication.
讨论了一种基于质量张力场而非电磁场的无线通信。目前的无线电通信是基于电磁场的,电磁场的载体是光子。对量子力学的重新检验表明,粒子的波psi函数,即物质波,被投射到真实的物理空间中,就像粒子被包裹在一团携带质量碎片的空间激发云中一样。这些碎片可以被解释为惯性力的载体,因此称它们为“惯性”是合理的。惯性子具有粒子的质量性质,并提供了物质物体之间的短程作用,这超出了量子力学的形式,尽管允许在作者在现实空间中发展的亚微观力学框架内进行详细的研究。由于惯性子的接收器已经被设计出来,我们认为惯性子的发射器也可以相对容易地设计出来,这将开启惯性子通信的时代。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Journal of Applied Physics
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