Pub Date : 2024-01-14DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.1.289
Sami Ibraheem M. Almuaigel
I mathematically proved that the laws of the spring apply to the law of gravity, and I was able to determine the speed of the planet mathematically, the period it takes to complete a complete revolution around the sun, and the force with which the planet moves through the laws of the spring. This confirms that the force of gravity between the planet and the sun is in the form of a spring, which explains the following: for example, when the Earth is at the closest possible point to the sun, the Earth moves away from the sun, even though the force of gravity is as great as possible. This behavior of maximum compression of the spring is called the maximum compression gravitational force. It also explains that when Earth is at the furthest possible point from the sun, it approaches the sun again, even though the force of gravity is as small as possible. This behavior of the maximum expansion of the spring is called the maximum expansion of the gravitational force.
{"title":"The Force of Gravity in the Solar System is in the Form of a Spring","authors":"Sami Ibraheem M. Almuaigel","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.1.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2024.6.1.289","url":null,"abstract":"I mathematically proved that the laws of the spring apply to the law of gravity, and I was able to determine the speed of the planet mathematically, the period it takes to complete a complete revolution around the sun, and the force with which the planet moves through the laws of the spring. This confirms that the force of gravity between the planet and the sun is in the form of a spring, which explains the following: for example, when the Earth is at the closest possible point to the sun, the Earth moves away from the sun, even though the force of gravity is as great as possible. This behavior of maximum compression of the spring is called the maximum compression gravitational force. It also explains that when Earth is at the furthest possible point from the sun, it approaches the sun again, even though the force of gravity is as small as possible. This behavior of the maximum expansion of the spring is called the maximum expansion of the gravitational force.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.293
W. Daywitt
This paper examines the relativistic energy-momentum equation and its use in the photon-electron Compton scattering calculations. It provides a better understanding of that equation and reveals the reason for particle spin.
{"title":"The Relativistic Energy-Momentum Equation in the Planck Vacuum Theory","authors":"W. Daywitt","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.293","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relativistic energy-momentum equation and its use in the photon-electron Compton scattering calculations. It provides a better understanding of that equation and reveals the reason for particle spin.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"47 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biomonitoring provides information on the quality of the environment or its modification and has been used as an alternative to monitoring chemical pollutants. The lichen bio-monitoring technique and calibration Free-Laser induced Breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) were used to study trace element atmospheric deposition in five areas of Addis Ababa city. The emission of air pollutants, mainly from anthropogenic sources, has led to the degradation of air quality. The element contents of the transplanted Epiphytic lichen were determined in the vicinity of different heavy traffic and small industry places. We identified twenty-one elements (Fe, Ti, U, V, Ni, Eu, Zr, Sr, Ba, Hf, Na, K, Sc, Si, Al, Mg, Ca, C, N, O, and H). Calibration Free-Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and semi-quantitative methods were used to calculate the concentration of pollutants to point out the most polluted areas for the chemical analysis. Dried samples of the lichen containing heavy pollutants elements like Fe, Ti, Sr, Sc, Ba, Ni, Eu, and Zn are found, and their concentration is determined. Comparison of the elemental concentration in lichen samples transplanted in 4-kilo and science faculty compound with those the Bola airport, central bus station, and Laghar train station reveals that the science faculty compound and 4-kilo areas show a considerably higher concentration of most elements in the lichen than observed in the other areas of the city where lichen samples have been transplanted. Advanced MATLAB algorithm have been used for data analysis.
{"title":"Analysis of Atmospheric Air Pollutants using Lichens as a Bio-monitor by Calibration Free-Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Technique","authors":"Dilbetigle Assefa Mamo, Ashok Kumar Chaubey, Awoke Taddesse Hailu, A. Hibstie","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.286","url":null,"abstract":"Biomonitoring provides information on the quality of the environment or its modification and has been used as an alternative to monitoring chemical pollutants. The lichen bio-monitoring technique and calibration Free-Laser induced Breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) were used to study trace element atmospheric deposition in five areas of Addis Ababa city. The emission of air pollutants, mainly from anthropogenic sources, has led to the degradation of air quality. The element contents of the transplanted Epiphytic lichen were determined in the vicinity of different heavy traffic and small industry places. We identified twenty-one elements (Fe, Ti, U, V, Ni, Eu, Zr, Sr, Ba, Hf, Na, K, Sc, Si, Al, Mg, Ca, C, N, O, and H). Calibration Free-Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and semi-quantitative methods were used to calculate the concentration of pollutants to point out the most polluted areas for the chemical analysis. Dried samples of the lichen containing heavy pollutants elements like Fe, Ti, Sr, Sc, Ba, Ni, Eu, and Zn are found, and their concentration is determined. Comparison of the elemental concentration in lichen samples transplanted in 4-kilo and science faculty compound with those the Bola airport, central bus station, and Laghar train station reveals that the science faculty compound and 4-kilo areas show a considerably higher concentration of most elements in the lichen than observed in the other areas of the city where lichen samples have been transplanted. Advanced MATLAB algorithm have been used for data analysis.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-03DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.287
Reginald B. Little
Fermentative productions of amino acids are thought to retain homochirality. This work can propose rotational motions for accelerations by centrifugations during fermentative processes enrich heavier, stable isotopes of differing nuclear magnetic moments (NMMs) with the consequent possibility of altered chirality and magnitude of rotating polarized light for altering chemical, physical, and biological phenomena of such enantiomers. The author discovered gravity seeding homochirality. Thereby in this work, the author determined that altered gravity can change the magnitude and direction of chirality. In this work, the changes in isotopes alter gravitational effects on the metabolism of enantiomers in hosts eating fermentative produced amino acids. Cancer was determined from eating heavier isotopes from fermentative processes and cancer cells were reasoned in this work to be more affected as the earth’s gravitational field is reduced by travel away from the earth’s surface. Similarly accelerated motional and gravitational effects on isotopes in planetary atmospheres of Earth, Saturn, Jupiter, and Uranus by 14N, 15N, 1H, 3He, 13C and 17O were reasoned in this work to cause lightning. Such solvents of positive NMMs were reasoned by collisional exchange to accumulate and exchange charges in clouds and collisional exchange solute negative NMMs were reasoned to alter charge for the production of leaders and streamers to induce lightning strikes. Lack of sufficient 13C and 17O in the CO2 of Venus’ atmosphere is explained in this work to mediate the lack of charge accumulation and discharge for explaining lack of lightning on Venus. The lower temperature (−214 °C) and raining N2 (boiling temperature of −210 °C) in Neptune were reasoned in this work to strips 15N from the atmosphere of Neptune for explaining its lack of lightning despite its similar atmospheric composition but warmer climate (−193 °C) of Uranus. The charged 1H atmosphere of Neptune is thereby the basis for charging Neptune’s atmosphere and the author thereby explains the disappearance and reappearance of Neptune’s clouds by magnetic coupling of the charged atmosphere of Neptune to Sun’s magnetic field.
{"title":"Relativistic Chiral Inversion of Non-Zero Nuclear Magnetic Moments During Centrifugal Industrial Fermentative Processes","authors":"Reginald B. Little","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.287","url":null,"abstract":"Fermentative productions of amino acids are thought to retain homochirality. This work can propose rotational motions for accelerations by centrifugations during fermentative processes enrich heavier, stable isotopes of differing nuclear magnetic moments (NMMs) with the consequent possibility of altered chirality and magnitude of rotating polarized light for altering chemical, physical, and biological phenomena of such enantiomers. The author discovered gravity seeding homochirality. Thereby in this work, the author determined that altered gravity can change the magnitude and direction of chirality. In this work, the changes in isotopes alter gravitational effects on the metabolism of enantiomers in hosts eating fermentative produced amino acids. Cancer was determined from eating heavier isotopes from fermentative processes and cancer cells were reasoned in this work to be more affected as the earth’s gravitational field is reduced by travel away from the earth’s surface. Similarly accelerated motional and gravitational effects on isotopes in planetary atmospheres of Earth, Saturn, Jupiter, and Uranus by 14N, 15N, 1H, 3He, 13C and 17O were reasoned in this work to cause lightning. Such solvents of positive NMMs were reasoned by collisional exchange to accumulate and exchange charges in clouds and collisional exchange solute negative NMMs were reasoned to alter charge for the production of leaders and streamers to induce lightning strikes. Lack of sufficient 13C and 17O in the CO2 of Venus’ atmosphere is explained in this work to mediate the lack of charge accumulation and discharge for explaining lack of lightning on Venus. The lower temperature (−214 °C) and raining N2 (boiling temperature of −210 °C) in Neptune were reasoned in this work to strips 15N from the atmosphere of Neptune for explaining its lack of lightning despite its similar atmospheric composition but warmer climate (−193 °C) of Uranus. The charged 1H atmosphere of Neptune is thereby the basis for charging Neptune’s atmosphere and the author thereby explains the disappearance and reappearance of Neptune’s clouds by magnetic coupling of the charged atmosphere of Neptune to Sun’s magnetic field.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"118 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139012458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-03DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.291
Jiří Stávek
In 1887 Michelson and Morley published their very important paper with the null result in the Michelson interferometer. Since that time there were published several hundred papers with various ad hoc hypotheses to interpret this unexpected result but none of these attempts was accepted to offer an alternative to Einstein’s 1905 theory. In order to avoid this trap with ad hoc models we have combined knowledge of Old Masters and derived a new description of the longitudinal and transverse arms of the Michelson interferometer. In this model the fourth-order effect of (v/c)4 was derived where v is the interferometer velocity in the stationary luminiferous ether and c is the light speed. This formula cannot be experimentally tested in the original Michelson interferometer with the short light path of 11 meters. There is one very good opportunity to test this model with the LIGO technology with the length of both arms 4 km and the Fabry Perot cavities where the laser beam in each arm bounces between two mirrors about 300 times before being merged with the beam from the other arm. The predicted fringe shift for the LIGO interferometer is about n ≈ 5.64 × 10−5.
{"title":"The Descartes Code (Spin Orbital Rotation of Photons)–I. The Fourth-Order Effects in the Michelson Interferometer","authors":"Jiří Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.291","url":null,"abstract":"In 1887 Michelson and Morley published their very important paper with the null result in the Michelson interferometer. Since that time there were published several hundred papers with various ad hoc hypotheses to interpret this unexpected result but none of these attempts was accepted to offer an alternative to Einstein’s 1905 theory. In order to avoid this trap with ad hoc models we have combined knowledge of Old Masters and derived a new description of the longitudinal and transverse arms of the Michelson interferometer. In this model the fourth-order effect of (v/c)4 was derived where v is the interferometer velocity in the stationary luminiferous ether and c is the light speed. This formula cannot be experimentally tested in the original Michelson interferometer with the short light path of 11 meters. There is one very good opportunity to test this model with the LIGO technology with the length of both arms 4 km and the Fabry Perot cavities where the laser beam in each arm bounces between two mirrors about 300 times before being merged with the beam from the other arm. The predicted fringe shift for the LIGO interferometer is about n ≈ 5.64 × 10−5.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"36 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139012473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-03DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.290
Jiří Stávek
This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT on the mathematical language in physics. Chat GPT during our half hour conversation reacted promptly to explain to me the Heraclitus quote “Nature loves to hide”. Chat GPT communicated many examples from the history of physics and astronomy on the application of the mathematical language and the continuous development of those mathematical models to describe the true events in Nature. In some situations, it is very difficult to choose the correct mathematical description – a possible danger of the “mathematical camouflage” protecting the secrets of Nature. Chat GPT recommended continuing further research even for cases where the mathematical language describes the observed events on a very high confidence level.
{"title":"ChatGPT on the Mathematical Language in Physics","authors":"Jiří Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.290","url":null,"abstract":"This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT on the mathematical language in physics. Chat GPT during our half hour conversation reacted promptly to explain to me the Heraclitus quote “Nature loves to hide”. Chat GPT communicated many examples from the history of physics and astronomy on the application of the mathematical language and the continuous development of those mathematical models to describe the true events in Nature. In some situations, it is very difficult to choose the correct mathematical description – a possible danger of the “mathematical camouflage” protecting the secrets of Nature. Chat GPT recommended continuing further research even for cases where the mathematical language describes the observed events on a very high confidence level.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139012712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.285
Jiří Stávek
It is extremely difficult to discover an element of physical reality that might solve the “spooky action at a distance” formulated by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen known as the EPR paradox. One very promising candidate was recently discovered in the letter of Malus addressed to Lancret in 1800. In this letter Malus (the discoverer of the polarization of light in 1808) modelled color as the composition of light and “caloric”. In the modern notation we can formulate the color and heat of polarized photons as the ratio of the ordinary and extraordinary wavefronts of that polarized photon in the Descartes’ model of colors caused by the rotation of spin-orbit of photons. Laser photons pass through the half waveplate where they get color and “heat content”, and then in the process of the spontaneous parametric down conversion, they create two entangled photons. In the pleochroic polarizers of Alice and Bob entangled colored photons modify individually their colors and their “heat content”. Pleochroism from Greek words πλÅLεω (pléon) and χρωμα (khrôma) means “more colors” and in the geological analysis describes dependence of color variation on the orientations of polarizer, analyzer, and the sample. This independent local color change in Alice and Bob polarizers can be mathematically described by the haversine and havercosine formulae. The havercosine describes the probability of a particle to stay on the same latitude. The haversine describes the probability of a particle to stay on the same longitude. In this model the “spooky action at a distance” is interpreted as the “local pleochroism” of entangled photons. This model can be further tested in the “Herschel-type” experiments where the polarized photons heat thermometers in the dependence of their “caloric” content. Bell four states mathematically describe the entanglement of two particles but without the physical interpretation based on the local pleochroism.
{"title":"The Element of Physical Reality Hidden in the Letter of Malus to Lancret in 1800 can Solve the EPR Paradox (Malus Thermochromatic Loophole)","authors":"Jiří Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.285","url":null,"abstract":"It is extremely difficult to discover an element of physical reality that might solve the “spooky action at a distance” formulated by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen known as the EPR paradox. One very promising candidate was recently discovered in the letter of Malus addressed to Lancret in 1800. In this letter Malus (the discoverer of the polarization of light in 1808) modelled color as the composition of light and “caloric”. In the modern notation we can formulate the color and heat of polarized photons as the ratio of the ordinary and extraordinary wavefronts of that polarized photon in the Descartes’ model of colors caused by the rotation of spin-orbit of photons. Laser photons pass through the half waveplate where they get color and “heat content”, and then in the process of the spontaneous parametric down conversion, they create two entangled photons. In the pleochroic polarizers of Alice and Bob entangled colored photons modify individually their colors and their “heat content”. Pleochroism from Greek words πλÅLεω (pléon) and χρωμα (khrôma) means “more colors” and in the geological analysis describes dependence of color variation on the orientations of polarizer, analyzer, and the sample. This independent local color change in Alice and Bob polarizers can be mathematically described by the haversine and havercosine formulae. The havercosine describes the probability of a particle to stay on the same latitude. The haversine describes the probability of a particle to stay on the same longitude. In this model the “spooky action at a distance” is interpreted as the “local pleochroism” of entangled photons. This model can be further tested in the “Herschel-type” experiments where the polarized photons heat thermometers in the dependence of their “caloric” content. Bell four states mathematically describe the entanglement of two particles but without the physical interpretation based on the local pleochroism.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"158 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.284
Jiří Stávek
This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. ChatGPT reacted promptly with a good overview of this very wide topic. ChatGPT during our half hour conversation concluded that there is still room for the further development of the EPR paradox because this research field is far from the final theory. However, ChatGPT was skeptical to search for the missing element of the physical reality in papers of Old Masters working between 17th and 19th centuries. (One potential candidate for a more general physical theory of the EPR paradox can be found in the overlooked works of Old Masters working in the period of the 17th–19th centuries).
{"title":"ChatGPT on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox","authors":"Jiří Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.6.284","url":null,"abstract":"This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. ChatGPT reacted promptly with a good overview of this very wide topic. ChatGPT during our half hour conversation concluded that there is still room for the further development of the EPR paradox because this research field is far from the final theory. However, ChatGPT was skeptical to search for the missing element of the physical reality in papers of Old Masters working between 17th and 19th centuries. (One potential candidate for a more general physical theory of the EPR paradox can be found in the overlooked works of Old Masters working in the period of the 17th–19th centuries).","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139281648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.4.263
Forrest W. Noble
At the greatest distances, what James Webb has already observed, and probably will continue to observe based upon our research, is believed by many to be contrary to mainstream cosmology’s predictions concerning the most distant universe. One of the defining differences between the Big Bang model (BB) and prior steady state models (SS) in general was that SS models proposed that the observable universe was unchanging in its general appearance. But an unchanged appearance is what many now believe the James Webb is presently observing. In the decade of the 1960’s, observations were believed to contradict a steady-state universe in that quasars and radio galaxies were only observed at great distances, none close by, and that the universe of galaxies, according to mainstream theory then, first began roughly 11.6 billion years ago. But in time, some of the believed advantages of Big Bang cosmology have become questionable based upon more recent observations. What was predicted before the James Webb went up seems to be continuously contradicted by James Webb observations. Instead, some believe that what we are observing with James Webb at the greatest distances appears to be very similar to the Hubble Deep field photos, and also similar to pictures looking inside local galaxy clusters, as would be expected if the observable universe were in a generally unchanging condition. This research study will explain the dozens of continuing problems of Big Bang cosmology, while it’s claimed advantages are no longer as clear. On the other hand, the alternative cosmology being presented has never experienced contradictions or added ad hoc hypothesis after many decades. Readers will decide whether Big Bang cosmology is being contradicted by the newest observations, whether the alternative cosmology being offered is much less problematic, and whether the many predictions of each cosmology is being confirmed or contradicted by the James Webb and other distant universe observations.
{"title":"A Clear and Certain Path Replacing the Lambda Cold Dark Matter Model with a More Observationally Verifiable, and Much Less-Problematic Cosmology","authors":"Forrest W. Noble","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.4.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.4.263","url":null,"abstract":"At the greatest distances, what James Webb has already observed, and probably will continue to observe based upon our research, is believed by many to be contrary to mainstream cosmology’s predictions concerning the most distant universe. One of the defining differences between the Big Bang model (BB) and prior steady state models (SS) in general was that SS models proposed that the observable universe was unchanging in its general appearance. But an unchanged appearance is what many now believe the James Webb is presently observing. In the decade of the 1960’s, observations were believed to contradict a steady-state universe in that quasars and radio galaxies were only observed at great distances, none close by, and that the universe of galaxies, according to mainstream theory then, first began roughly 11.6 billion years ago. But in time, some of the believed advantages of Big Bang cosmology have become questionable based upon more recent observations. What was predicted before the James Webb went up seems to be continuously contradicted by James Webb observations. Instead, some believe that what we are observing with James Webb at the greatest distances appears to be very similar to the Hubble Deep field photos, and also similar to pictures looking inside local galaxy clusters, as would be expected if the observable universe were in a generally unchanging condition. This research study will explain the dozens of continuing problems of Big Bang cosmology, while it’s claimed advantages are no longer as clear. On the other hand, the alternative cosmology being presented has never experienced contradictions or added ad hoc hypothesis after many decades. Readers will decide whether Big Bang cosmology is being contradicted by the newest observations, whether the alternative cosmology being offered is much less problematic, and whether the many predictions of each cosmology is being confirmed or contradicted by the James Webb and other distant universe observations.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121286013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.4.273
W. Daywitt
This paper derives the Schrödinger equation and examines the corresponding time-ordering operator T of the quantum field theory. Results show that the equation supports a particle spin while the quantum field does not. This difference is to be expected as the quantum field result describes a field rather than a particle core. It appears that both the spin and the mass of the particle are created in the zero-point Planck vacuum (PV) oscillations of the PV state.
{"title":"The Schrödinger Equation and the Time-Ordering Operator T of the Quantum Field Theory as Viewed in the Planck Vacuum Theory","authors":"W. Daywitt","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.4.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.4.273","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000This paper derives the Schrödinger equation and examines the corresponding time-ordering operator T of the quantum field theory. Results show that the equation supports a particle spin while the quantum field does not. This difference is to be expected as the quantum field result describes a field rather than a particle core. It appears that both the spin and the mass of the particle are created in the zero-point Planck vacuum (PV) oscillations of the PV state.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115719995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：