Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.4.258
J. Parashar, Swati Saxena
A modified ATR configuration, comprising a glass prism embedded by metal film and graphene, is proposed as a suitable nonlinear medium for laser beat wave terahertz generation. Two lasers, launched on the prism at SPR (surface plasmon resonance) angle, get linearly mode converted into surface plasma waves (SPWs) of much higher amplitude. The SPWs exert a beat frequency ponderomotive force on free electrons of metal film and graphene. The ensued nonlinear current drives beat frequency THz plasmons. A surface ripple on graphene or metal assists phase matching and resonantly enhances the THz field amplitude.
{"title":"Terahertz Generation by Beating Laser Driven Plasmons in Graphene Embedded Metal Film","authors":"J. Parashar, Swati Saxena","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.4.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.4.258","url":null,"abstract":"A modified ATR configuration, comprising a glass prism embedded by metal film and graphene, is proposed as a suitable nonlinear medium for laser beat wave terahertz generation. Two lasers, launched on the prism at SPR (surface plasmon resonance) angle, get linearly mode converted into surface plasma waves (SPWs) of much higher amplitude. The SPWs exert a beat frequency ponderomotive force on free electrons of metal film and graphene. The ensued nonlinear current drives beat frequency THz plasmons. A surface ripple on graphene or metal assists phase matching and resonantly enhances the THz field amplitude.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129084303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.222
E. Manousos
The James Webb Space Telescope΄s measurements might bring the Standard Cosmological Model in stalemate. The cosmological data may have a microscopic cause and not the expanding of universe.
{"title":"Awaiting the Measurements by the James Webb Space Telescope: ‘A Hitherto Unrecognized Principle of Nature’ Justifies the Cosmological Data","authors":"E. Manousos","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.222","url":null,"abstract":"The James Webb Space Telescope΄s measurements might bring the Standard Cosmological Model in stalemate. The cosmological data may have a microscopic cause and not the expanding of universe.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"33 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116468592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.264
P. B. Adhikari
Lightning phenomena is the electrical discharging phenomena. The electromagnetic radiations due to lightning, having various frequencies with different wavelengths are produced. The measurement of lightning by different method like the photography method, current measurement method, electric and magnetic field measurements method and thunder measurement methods can be used. The lightning phenomena produced the waveforms of electric and magnetic field which are the basic parameters to understand the phenomena of lightning discharges. The pair of circular flat metallic plates, separated from each other by insulating material, and are used to capture the signature and measure the electromagnetic radiations produced due to lightning. The waveforms were recorded in the hilly and mountainous country, of Nepal. These types of waveforms are observed and recorded.
{"title":"Different Measurement System of Lightning","authors":"P. B. Adhikari","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.264","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning phenomena is the electrical discharging phenomena. The electromagnetic radiations due to lightning, having various frequencies with different wavelengths are produced. The measurement of lightning by different method like the photography method, current measurement method, electric and magnetic field measurements method and thunder measurement methods can be used. The lightning phenomena produced the waveforms of electric and magnetic field which are the basic parameters to understand the phenomena of lightning discharges. The pair of circular flat metallic plates, separated from each other by insulating material, and are used to capture the signature and measure the electromagnetic radiations produced due to lightning. The waveforms were recorded in the hilly and mountainous country, of Nepal. These types of waveforms are observed and recorded.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115264024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-04DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.256
Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta
Dynamic universe model’s SITA simulations can be used to solve many problems in physics, chemistry, Biology etc. The Dynamic Universe Model is based on Newtonian gravitation and finds the total attractive force of all masses in a combined way on any single mass. This SITA approach provides accurate results from the Universe level down to the Galaxy, Solar System, Earth, Electron, Energy, and even Nanobio Particle levels. Our thinking and exploration should not be limited to just 2-body problem and Universe model limited to cosmology in Physics. A small software program (SITA) takes your thinking to: - What are the inherent properties of inter-molecular attraction forces? - How does the Galaxy balance its rotations of stars? - Why did the Pioneer satellite have an irregular movement? - Why there are so many blue shifted Galaxies in the universe? - What is the structure of Galaxy center which will be stable and can support full Galaxy? - How insolvable contaminations in water or in any other liquids diffuse? - What happens to all the energy emitted by sun and other stars and Galaxies? - How local system of Galaxies balance each other? - How are electrons or positrons generated in the universe? - Exploring galaxy rotation curves - Can these be explained…the Origin, Propagation and Uniformity of CMB?? - How hydrogen atoms and other atoms are formed? - How are three states of water (H2O) formed? - How astronomical Jets are formed? - How are the mathematical equations proved? - What about SINGULARITIES in the software and in the Model?
{"title":"Dynamic Universe Model Based on Newtonian Gravitation Giving Results Well from Universe Level to Galaxy Level to Solar System Level to Earth Level to Electron Level to Energy Level and to Nanobio Particle Level Now","authors":"Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.256","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Dynamic universe model’s SITA simulations can be used to solve many problems in physics, chemistry, Biology etc. The Dynamic Universe Model is based on Newtonian gravitation and finds the total attractive force of all masses in a combined way on any single mass. This SITA approach provides accurate results from the Universe level down to the Galaxy, Solar System, Earth, Electron, Energy, and even Nanobio Particle levels. Our thinking and exploration should not be limited to just 2-body problem and Universe model limited to cosmology in Physics. A small software program (SITA) takes your thinking to:\u0000\u0000\u0000- What are the inherent properties of inter-molecular attraction forces?\u0000\u0000\u0000- How does the Galaxy balance its rotations of stars? \u0000\u0000\u0000- Why did the Pioneer satellite have an irregular movement?\u0000\u0000\u0000- Why there are so many blue shifted Galaxies in the universe?\u0000\u0000\u0000- What is the structure of Galaxy center which will be stable and can support full Galaxy?\u0000\u0000\u0000- How insolvable contaminations in water or in any other liquids diffuse? \u0000\u0000\u0000- What happens to all the energy emitted by sun and other stars and Galaxies? \u0000\u0000\u0000- How local system of Galaxies balance each other?\u0000\u0000\u0000- How are electrons or positrons generated in the universe?\u0000\u0000\u0000- Exploring galaxy rotation curves\u0000\u0000\u0000- Can these be explained…the Origin, Propagation and Uniformity of CMB??\u0000\u0000\u0000- How hydrogen atoms and other atoms are formed?\u0000\u0000\u0000- How are three states of water (H2O) formed?\u0000\u0000\u0000- How astronomical Jets are formed?\u0000\u0000\u0000- How are the mathematical equations proved?\u0000\u0000\u0000- What about SINGULARITIES in the software and in the Model?\u0000","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123871139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.262
J. Stávek
The Newton´s cooling law still attracts the attention of scholars in order to describe hidden features of heat particles (thermons) and the mechanism of the radiating heat into the surroundings with a lower temperature. The characteristic cooling constant of this process 1/τπ [min-1] was defined as the experimental parameter describing the contributions of the thermon elastic volume and thermon angular momentum. This experimental parameter τπwas found as the time needed to achieve the temperature Tπ = Tenv +(T0-Tenv)/π during the cooling of the studied object with the starting temperature T0 and the surrounding with temperature Tenv. The studied system was water in spherical flasks with the volumes 2000, 1000, 500, 250, and 100 mL and the starting temperatures 90° C, 80°C, and 70° C. The temperature of the surrounding was 24° C (laboratory temperature) and (4° ± 2°) C (outdoor temperature on March 5 2023 near Prague). There was one critical experimental parameter: where to place the thermometer in the spherical flask: 1. inside to the bottom wall, 2. in the center of spherical flask, 3. at the upper level of the water volume, 4. outside to the bottom wall. For all experimental runs we have found that the temperature Tπ measured at the inside bottom wall of the spherical flasks might be interpreted as the “true” Newtonian temperature while the characteristic cooling constant τπ is very close to the value of the slope in the semi-log graph of those cooling systems. This model was used to interpret the historical experimental data of Newton (1701) and the modern experimental data of Grigull (1984). This model opens a new view on the Carnot engine where the elastic volume of thermons can achieve the efficiency η1 = (THOT – Tπ)/(THOT – TCOLD) = 1-1/π ≈ 0.682. Moreover, the “waste heat” after the Carnot engine can be used in the Seebeck generator to convert the angular momentum of thermons into the electricity (thermoelectric generator) with the efficiency η2 = (Tπ –TCOLD)/(THOT – TCOLD) = 1/π ≈ 0.318. The combined Carnot (1824) – Seebeck (1825) engine can explore all available heat of the of thermons for the temperature difference THOT – TCOLD.
{"title":"A New Interpretation of the Newton´s Cooling Law: Two Features of Thermons: Their Elastic Volume and Their Angular Momentum","authors":"J. Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.262","url":null,"abstract":"The Newton´s cooling law still attracts the attention of scholars in order to describe hidden features of heat particles (thermons) and the mechanism of the radiating heat into the surroundings with a lower temperature. The characteristic cooling constant of this process 1/τπ [min-1] was defined as the experimental parameter describing the contributions of the thermon elastic volume and thermon angular momentum. This experimental parameter τπwas found as the time needed to achieve the temperature Tπ = Tenv +(T0-Tenv)/π during the cooling of the studied object with the starting temperature T0 and the surrounding with temperature Tenv. The studied system was water in spherical flasks with the volumes 2000, 1000, 500, 250, and 100 mL and the starting temperatures 90° C, 80°C, and 70° C. The temperature of the surrounding was 24° C (laboratory temperature) and (4° ± 2°) C (outdoor temperature on March 5 2023 near Prague). There was one critical experimental parameter: where to place the thermometer in the spherical flask: 1. inside to the bottom wall, 2. in the center of spherical flask, 3. at the upper level of the water volume, 4. outside to the bottom wall. For all experimental runs we have found that the temperature Tπ measured at the inside bottom wall of the spherical flasks might be interpreted as the “true” Newtonian temperature while the characteristic cooling constant τπ is very close to the value of the slope in the semi-log graph of those cooling systems. This model was used to interpret the historical experimental data of Newton (1701) and the modern experimental data of Grigull (1984). This model opens a new view on the Carnot engine where the elastic volume of thermons can achieve the efficiency η1 = (THOT – Tπ)/(THOT – TCOLD) = 1-1/π ≈ 0.682. Moreover, the “waste heat” after the Carnot engine can be used in the Seebeck generator to convert the angular momentum of thermons into the electricity (thermoelectric generator) with the efficiency η2 = (Tπ –TCOLD)/(THOT – TCOLD) = 1/π ≈ 0.318. The combined Carnot (1824) – Seebeck (1825) engine can explore all available heat of the of thermons for the temperature difference THOT – TCOLD.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123243324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.260
J. Stávek
This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT4 on the caloric theory of heat. ChatGPT4 reacted promptly with a good overview of this topic. ChatGPT4 during our half hour conversation brought a new view to this topic with some unknown references to the author of this contribution. ChatGPT4 can be promising support to improve the literature search and can offer new ideas before the experimental work and during the preparation of the manuscript. However, the “classical preparation” still plays the dominant role.
{"title":"ChatGPT4 on the Caloric Theory of Heat","authors":"J. Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.260","url":null,"abstract":"This is my first attempt to communicate with the ChatGPT4 on the caloric theory of heat. ChatGPT4 reacted promptly with a good overview of this topic. ChatGPT4 during our half hour conversation brought a new view to this topic with some unknown references to the author of this contribution. ChatGPT4 can be promising support to improve the literature search and can offer new ideas before the experimental work and during the preparation of the manuscript. However, the “classical preparation” still plays the dominant role.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120962627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.255
Reginald B. Little
The author has previously noted the effects of stable isotopes having different nuclear magnetic moments on chemistry, catalysis, biochemistry, thermodynamics, optics, superconductivity and more [1]. In this controversy surrounding reported room temperature superconductivity at near ambient pressures by nitrogen doped lutetium hydride, the author hopes to convince and reason that the different synthesis conditions of the original work of Dias and coworkers [2] at low temperature, mild pressures, diamond anvil cell compression and prolong annealing may lead to selective doping of the lutetium hydride by 15N. The later attempted replication of Dias and coworkers by Hai-hu Wen and coworkers [3] may have caused different outcomes as Hai-hu Wen and coworkers appeared to try Dias work and then switched to a different synthetic method whereby Wen and coworkers instead applied high pressures and high temperatures to the reacting hydrogen, nitrogen and lutetium to produce a nitrogen doped lutetium hydride with similar lattice structure as the originally reported by Dias and coworkers [2] but lacking observed superconductivity and evidence of superconductivity by diamagnetism. The author here by his theory notes the possibility that the different later high pressure, high temperature synthesis by Wen and coworkers doped their sample with 14N rather than 15N as originally enriched in Dias’s sample. Thereby the author notes by his theory [1] that whereas 15N doped lutetium hydride manifests higher superconductivity due to its negative nuclear magnetic moment (NMM), the 14N doped lutetium hydride should not manifest superconductivity at the higher temperatures due to its positive NMM.
{"title":"Near Ambient Superconductivity by 15N as Needles in the Haystack: Lower Temperatures and Pressures for Possible 15N Enrichment in LuH2","authors":"Reginald B. Little","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.3.255","url":null,"abstract":"The author has previously noted the effects of stable isotopes having different nuclear magnetic moments on chemistry, catalysis, biochemistry, thermodynamics, optics, superconductivity and more [1]. In this controversy surrounding reported room temperature superconductivity at near ambient pressures by nitrogen doped lutetium hydride, the author hopes to convince and reason that the different synthesis conditions of the original work of Dias and coworkers [2] at low temperature, mild pressures, diamond anvil cell compression and prolong annealing may lead to selective doping of the lutetium hydride by 15N. The later attempted replication of Dias and coworkers by Hai-hu Wen and coworkers [3] may have caused different outcomes as Hai-hu Wen and coworkers appeared to try Dias work and then switched to a different synthetic method whereby Wen and coworkers instead applied high pressures and high temperatures to the reacting hydrogen, nitrogen and lutetium to produce a nitrogen doped lutetium hydride with similar lattice structure as the originally reported by Dias and coworkers [2] but lacking observed superconductivity and evidence of superconductivity by diamagnetism. The author here by his theory notes the possibility that the different later high pressure, high temperature synthesis by Wen and coworkers doped their sample with 14N rather than 15N as originally enriched in Dias’s sample. Thereby the author notes by his theory [1] that whereas 15N doped lutetium hydride manifests higher superconductivity due to its negative nuclear magnetic moment (NMM), the 14N doped lutetium hydride should not manifest superconductivity at the higher temperatures due to its positive NMM.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124229068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.2.248
T. N. Njoh Ekoume, Ulrich Gael Azeufack Tonfack, Brice Ekobo, M. Heller, T. Montaruli
In this article, we investigate, without the presence of Night Sky Background(NSB), the best pointing method which is independent of any deformation of the structure or mechanical effects. The method is direct and on real time, we will used the presence of stars in the photodetection plane during observation, to reconstruct the direction of the telescope. We will first present the method used to reconstruct the pointing direction in real time and then evaluate the impact of the different systematics on the pointing accuracy.
{"title":"Pointing of the Hexagonal Pixel Shape Telescope without NSB Using Star Reconstruction in the Cherenkov photodetection Plane","authors":"T. N. Njoh Ekoume, Ulrich Gael Azeufack Tonfack, Brice Ekobo, M. Heller, T. Montaruli","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.2.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.2.248","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we investigate, without the presence of Night Sky Background(NSB), the best pointing method which is independent of any deformation of the structure or mechanical effects. The method is direct and on real time, we will used the presence of stars in the photodetection plane during observation, to reconstruct the direction of the telescope. We will first present the method used to reconstruct the pointing direction in real time and then evaluate the impact of the different systematics on the pointing accuracy.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132964378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.2.245
J. Stávek
There were derived many forms of theories of heat during the past three hundred years. At its origins, thermodynamics was the study of heat and engines and therefore, we should be connected to these roots. In this model we present thermons as carriers of heat from hot bodies to cold bodies. The flow of heat is modelled as the transfer of angular momentum of these thermons in the direction from the higher angular momentum to the lower angular momentum of thermons. The mechanical equivalent of heat J is defined as the ratio of the angular momentum of thermons to the temperature of the surrounding. This model newly defines the quantity of heat – entropy S – as the ratio of the angular momentum of thermons to the temperature of the surrounding. This model can open a new window to the microworld where quantum particles transfer their heat content in one direction. However, this direction can be changed via the work done on these quantum particles and to reverse the flow of the angular momentum from lower angular momentum to higher angular momentum of those quantum particles. It will be shown that these very well-known formulae of S to all scholars might still keep some hidden surprising properties.
{"title":"The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Interpreted as the Angular Momentum of Thermons","authors":"J. Stávek","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.2.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.2.245","url":null,"abstract":"There were derived many forms of theories of heat during the past three hundred years. At its origins, thermodynamics was the study of heat and engines and therefore, we should be connected to these roots. In this model we present thermons as carriers of heat from hot bodies to cold bodies. The flow of heat is modelled as the transfer of angular momentum of these thermons in the direction from the higher angular momentum to the lower angular momentum of thermons. The mechanical equivalent of heat J is defined as the ratio of the angular momentum of thermons to the temperature of the surrounding. This model newly defines the quantity of heat – entropy S – as the ratio of the angular momentum of thermons to the temperature of the surrounding. This model can open a new window to the microworld where quantum particles transfer their heat content in one direction. However, this direction can be changed via the work done on these quantum particles and to reverse the flow of the angular momentum from lower angular momentum to higher angular momentum of those quantum particles. It will be shown that these very well-known formulae of S to all scholars might still keep some hidden surprising properties.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131055657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.2.252
W. Daywitt
This paper calculates the recoil equation for an electron after being struck by an x-ray photon in a Compton scattering event as seen in the Planck vacuum (PV) theory.
本文计算了普朗克真空理论中康普顿散射事件中电子被x射线光子撞击后的反冲方程。
{"title":"Electron Recoil in the Compton Effect as Viewed in the Planck Vacuum Theory","authors":"W. Daywitt","doi":"10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.2.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2023.5.2.252","url":null,"abstract":"This paper calculates the recoil equation for an electron after being struck by an x-ray photon in a Compton scattering event as seen in the Planck vacuum (PV) theory.","PeriodicalId":292629,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"155-156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114384411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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