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How to Decipher the Seegers-Tisserand-Gerber-Einstein Formula and the Soldner-Einstein Formula? 如何解读西格斯-蒂瑟兰-格伯-爱因斯坦公式和索德纳-爱因斯坦公式?
Pub Date : 2022-01-07 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.1.143
J. Stávek
The famous Seegers-Tisserand-Gerber-Einstein Formula describing correctly the Mercury perihelion advance passed through hands of many scholars who tried to decipher the physical meaning of the perturbation factor Ω introduced by Carl Seegers in 1864. Based on the Gauss´s law for gravity we have newly interpreted this perturbation factor Ω as the active solid angle of the Solar gravitational field Ω = 3 steradians. We have inserted this model of the active solid angle of the Solar gravitational field the famous Soldner-Einstein Formula describing the light deflection in the vicinity of the Sun with 1 ≤ Ω ≤ 8. The enormous scatter of experimental data of the light deflections measured during the Solar eclipses was interpreted as the quantum jumps of the deflection angle with the quantum jump 0”.44. All known existing data on the light deflection taken during the last hundred years were depicted into the graphs. In some cases we have discovered these quantum jumps of the deflection angle during the individual runs of the Solar eclipse experiment. We propose to reanalyze all historical data taken for individual stars and to search for a hidden structure in these data. Moreover, we want to initiate new experimental activities for the coming Solar eclipses in order to collect more precise data that might guide us towards the model of quantum gravity.
著名的西格斯-蒂瑟兰-格伯-爱因斯坦公式正确地描述了水星近日点的推进,许多学者试图破译卡尔·西格斯于1864年引入的扰动因子Ω的物理意义。根据高斯引力定律,我们重新解释了这个扰动因子Ω为太阳引力场的有效立体角Ω = 3立体度。我们在太阳引力场的活动立体角模型中插入了描述太阳附近光偏转的著名的Soldner-Einstein公式,其中1≤Ω≤8。日食期间测量的光偏转实验数据的巨大散射被解释为偏转角的量子跳变,量子跳变为0 " .44。在过去的一百年里,所有已知的关于光偏转的数据都被描绘成图表。在某些情况下,我们在日食实验的个别运行中发现了偏转角的量子跳变。我们建议重新分析单个恒星的所有历史数据,并在这些数据中寻找隐藏的结构。此外,我们希望为即将到来的日食开展新的实验活动,以便收集更精确的数据,这些数据可能会指导我们建立量子引力模型。
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引用次数: 1
Comments on the Aharonov-Bohm Effect 对Aharonov-Bohm效应的评论
Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2022.4.5.209
K. Shigemoto, Kunihiko Uehara
In the original setting of the Aharonov-Bohm, the gauge invariant physical longitudinal mode of the vector potential, which is expressed by the gauge invariant physical current, gives the desired contribution to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. While the scalar mode of the vector potential, which changes under the gauge transformation so that it is the unphysical mode, give no contribution to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Then Aharonov-Bohm effect really occurs by the physical longitudinal mode in the original Aharonov-Bohm’s setting. In the setting of Tonomura et al., where the magnet is shielded with the superconducting material, not only the magnetic field but also the longitudinal mode of the vector potential become massive by the Meissner effect. Then not only the magnetic field but also the physical longitudinal mode does not come out to the region where the electron travels. In such setting, only the scalar mode of the vector potential exists in the region where the electron travels, but there is no contribution to the Aharonov-Bohm effect from that mode.
在Aharonov-Bohm的原始设置中,由规范不变物理电流表示的矢量势的规范不变物理纵向模态给出了对Aharonov-Bohm效应的期望贡献。而矢量势的标量模在规范变换下变化为非物理模,对Aharonov-Bohm效应没有贡献。那么在原Aharonov-Bohm设置中,Aharonov-Bohm效应确实是通过物理纵向模式发生的。在Tonomura等的设置中,磁体被超导材料屏蔽,由于迈斯纳效应,不仅磁场变大,矢量势的纵向模也变大。那么,不仅磁场,而且物理纵向模式都不会出现在电子运动的区域。在这种情况下,在电子运动的区域中只有矢量势的标量模式存在,但该模式对Aharonov-Bohm效应没有贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Decomposition (Ferrogravitolysis) Water and Hydrocarbons by means of Technical Ferrogravitational Field 利用技术铁重力场分解水和碳氢化合物
Pub Date : 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.6.129
R. A. Sizov
Experimental and theoretical studies of the author (period: 1968 - present) have shown that true sources of magnetic field are magnetic fundamental particles (magnetic charges), and not moving electrons. The main reason for the vicious ignorance of magnetic charges in physics is the super-hard conditions of confinement of these particles in atoms and substance which are cardinally different from the confinement of electrons. Magnetic charges together with electric charges form the shells of atoms which in reality are electromagnetic, and not electronic. The orbital electromagnetic currents in atomic shells are sources of the gravitational field which is the vortex electromagnetic field and is described by vortex vector rot[E–H]. Depending on the state polarization of vortex vectors rot[E–H] in compositions of the atomic gravitational fields its subdivided into paragravitational (PGF) and ferrogravitational fields (FGF). The main process defining formation of chemical compounds is the gravito-chemical binding or compression of atoms by the forces of the paragravitational "Dark Energy" which is realized between PGF atoms-sources. Between the atoms emitting PGF and FGF the effect of Gravitational levitation is realized the forces of which push the atoms away from each other. Therefore, the combination of carbon atoms (PGF sources) and hydrogen atoms (FGF–sources) with the formation of hydrocarbon molecules can be realized only if the hydrogen atoms are in molecular form (1H2). In the composition of water, within the framework of the chemical formula H2O, two stable isomorphic molecular structures are realized, the gravito-chemical bond in which is carried out, respectively of the hydrocarbon scenario described above, as well as under conditions of unidirectional ferropolarization of the gravitational fields of atoms in molecule and of the implementation of the so-called hydrogen bond. The external (technical) ferrogravitational field violates the initial (paragravitational) state of gravitational fields in interatomic regions what leads to the formation of positive (gravitational) “Dark energy” the forces of which break interatomic chemical bonds and leads to molecular decays. This process, by analogy with process of electrolysis, can be referred to as ferrogravitolysis. The Author's technology for the decomposition of water molecules by means of FGF is a technical analogue of the natural process of water decomposition which is realized in the cells of leaves of green plants and algae. The intensity of technical FGF, and, consequently, the efficiency of the process of decomposition water molecules can be thousands of times higher than the efficiency of its natural decomposition in plant cells, which makes it possible to obtain cheap green hydrogen for wide practical use. In addition, the effectiveness of the impact of (technical) FGF on the state of gravitational fields in the interatomic regions of molecules and the implementation of the process of
作者(1968年至今)的实验和理论研究表明,磁场的真正来源是磁性基本粒子(磁荷),而不是运动的电子。物理学中对磁荷的恶性无知的主要原因是这些粒子在原子和物质中的约束条件超硬,这与电子的约束有本质上的不同。磁荷和电荷一起形成了原子的壳层,实际上是电磁的,而不是电子的。原子壳层中的轨道电磁电流是引力场的来源,引力场是旋涡电磁场,用旋涡矢量rot[E-H]来描述。根据原子引力场组成中涡旋矢量rot[E-H]的状态极化,将其分为段引力场(PGF)和铁引力场(FGF)。定义化合物形成的主要过程是由PGF原子源之间实现的段引力“暗能量”的力对原子的引力化学结合或压缩。在发射PGF和FGF的原子之间实现了引力悬浮效应,这种力使原子相互远离。因此,碳原子(PGF源)和氢原子(fgf源)的结合与碳氢化合物分子的形成只有在氢原子处于分子形态(1H2)的情况下才能实现。在水的组成中,在化学式H2O的框架内,实现了两种稳定的同构分子结构,分别在上述碳氢化合物的情况下,以及在分子中原子引力场单向铁极化和所谓氢键的实施条件下,进行了引力化学键。外部(技术)铁引力场违反了原子间区域引力场的初始(段引力)状态,导致形成正(引力)“暗能量”,其力破坏原子间化学键并导致分子衰变。这个过程与电解过程类似,可称为重铁解。作者的FGF分解水分子技术是对绿色植物和藻类叶片细胞中实现的水分子自然分解过程的技术模拟。技术FGF的强度,以及因此,分解水分子过程的效率可以比其在植物细胞中的自然分解效率高数千倍,这使得获得廉价的绿色氢成为可能,并得到广泛的实际应用。此外,(技术)FGF对分子原子间区重力场状态的影响及其分解过程的实施的有效性比目前使用的电场的能力大许多倍。
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引用次数: 0
The Features of the Reference Frame Concomitant to the Cosmic Microwave Background 伴随宇宙微波背景的参考系的特征
Pub Date : 2021-11-04 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.6.115
V. M. Svishch
The features of reference frame, concomitant to the cosmic microwave background, immobile relatively cosmic microwave background, are considered. It is shown that the features of reference frame, concomitant to the cosmic microwave background (CMB), are determined by its properties. Any other object in the Universe and reference frame concomitant to it, is immersed in the CMB and moves relative to the reference frame concomitant to microwave background radiation. The zero pecular velocity of the reference frame concomitant to the microwave background radiation is analogous to the zero temperature on the Kelvin scale. Time in it is most rapid in relation to the time in any other reference frame, observable and measurable in any of them. The features of time, pecular speed, relative speed of two inertial RF, stellar aberration, and Doppler effect in the reference frame concomitant to the microwave background radiation are considered. According to the determined relative velocity of the two reference systems and the peculiar velocity of the reference system with the observer, the components of their relative velocity are determined. Determining the components of the relative velocity of the reference frames with determining the synchronous time for all points at any time in the reference frame concomitant to microwave background radiation, allows us to investigate the possibility of determining the speed of light "one way" and using it to navigate vehicles in distant space. Stability of angular location of heterogeneities of CMB in reference frame concomitant to CMB, allows us to use these heterogeneities for the increase of exactness of astronomic reference frames HCRF and ICRF.
考虑了参照系与宇宙微波背景相伴随、宇宙微波背景相对不动的特点。结果表明,伴随宇宙微波背景(CMB)的参照系的特征是由它的性质决定的。宇宙中的任何其他物体和与之相伴的参考系,都沉浸在CMB中,并相对于与微波背景辐射相伴的参考系运动。伴随微波背景辐射的参考系的零速度类似于开尔文标度上的零温度。它中的时间相对于任何其他参考系中的时间是最快的,在任何参考系中都是可观察和可测量的。考虑了参考系中伴随微波背景辐射的时间、速度、两个惯性射频的相对速度、恒星像差和多普勒效应等特征。根据确定的两个参照系的相对速度和参照系与观测者的特殊速度,确定了它们的相对速度分量。通过确定参考系中与微波背景辐射相关的所有点在任何时间的同步时间来确定参考系相对速度的组成部分,使我们能够研究确定“单向”光速并使用它来导航遥远空间中的飞行器的可能性。CMB在伴生参考系中的异质性角定位的稳定性,使我们能够利用这些异质性来提高天文参考系HCRF和ICRF的精度。
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引用次数: 0
Photon Structure and Behavior 光子的结构和行为
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.5.110
Jianping Mao
One of possibilities for that why like charges repel and opposite charges attract was a photon possessing negative and positive two poles that with an up or down spin frequency – any integer – offers a fresh insight into photon energies.
其中一种可能的解释是,为什么同性电荷相斥而异性电荷相吸,是因为光子具有正负两极,其自旋频率为上下——任何整数——这为光子能量提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
The Schrödinger Equation with Deng-Fan-Eckart Potential (DFEP): Nikiforov-Uvarov-Functional Analysis (NUFA) Method 邓凡-埃卡特势(DFEP) Schrödinger方程:nikiforov - uvarov泛函分析(NUFA)方法
Pub Date : 2021-10-22 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.5.111
E. B. Ettah
In this study, the radial part of the Schrödinger equation with the Deng-Fan-Eckart potential (DFEP) is solved analytically by employing the improved Greene and Aldrich approximation to bypass the centrifugal barrier and using the Nikiforov-Uvarov-Functional Analysis method (NUFA). The energy expression and wave function are obtained respectively. The numerical energy spectra for some diatomic molecules have been studied and compared with the findings of earlier studies and it has been found to be in good agreement. The NUFA method used in this study is easy and very less cumbersome compared to other methods that currently exist and it is recommended that researchers in this area adopt this method. The findings of this study will find direct applications in molecular physics.
本文利用nikiforov - uvarov -泛函分析方法(NUFA),采用改进的Greene和Aldrich近似绕过离心障壁,解析求解了含有DFEP的Schrödinger方程的径向部分。分别得到了能量表达式和波函数。对某些双原子分子的数值能谱进行了研究,并与前人的研究结果进行了比较,发现两者吻合得很好。与现有的其他方法相比,本研究中使用的NUFA方法操作简单,操作繁琐,建议本领域的研究人员采用该方法。这项研究的结果将直接应用于分子物理学。
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引用次数: 1
Interband Multiphoton Absorption of Light in Narrow-Gap Crystals 窄隙晶体中光的带间多光子吸收
Pub Date : 2021-10-17 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.5.96
V. Rasulov, R. Rasulov, I. Eshboltaev, M. X. Qo'chqorov
The spectral dependences of the coefficients of interband three-photon optical transitions for InSb and for some optical transitions are calculated and a numerical analysis of the coefficient of interband three-photon absorption of light is carried out, which taken into account the contribution to the three-photon absorption of optical transitions occurring during the simultaneous absorption of two photons in the Kane model. Interband three-photon optical transitions in crystals of the InSb and type are classified, and the spectral dependence of some optical transitions is analyzed. The coefficient of linear-circular dichroism of interband three-photon absorption in a crystal in the Kane model is calculated.
计算了InSb和某些光学跃迁的带间三光子光学跃迁系数的光谱依赖性,并对带间光的三光子吸收系数进行了数值分析,其中考虑了Kane模型中同时吸收两个光子时发生的光学跃迁对三光子吸收的贡献。对InSb和InSb型晶体的带间三光子光学跃迁进行了分类,并分析了某些光学跃迁的光谱依赖性。计算了Kane模型下晶体带间三光子吸收的线-圆二色性系数。
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引用次数: 0
The Physical Aura of Person during Life and after Death in Physics with Real Magnetic Charges 真实磁荷下人生前和死后的物理光环
Pub Date : 2021-10-16 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.5.108
R. A. Sizov
The discovery and study of real magnetic charges, as well as true anti-electrons in the structures of substance and their inclusion in basic physical concepts, allowed the author to establish that two physical images correspond to a person: a real human body, i.e., his mass composition (atoms, nucleons, etc.) and the spinor image in the form of its biofield, displayed in the Energo-medium (Energo-ether) that and is the physical Aura. The spinor image or Aura of person is not a simple “photograph” but represents a system of real physical states or fractals in the Energo-medium, which, at the cellular level, are connected with the human body and interact with it at all stages of its existence. It is the physical Aura that is responsible for all the power reactions manifested by the body, providing, for example, “force service” of the activity of the central and autonomic nervous system. The article shows the conditions for the transformation of the Aura into a dead state after the death of a person, and also notes some fractals in its composition that are able to maintain former vital reactions for some time. The external manifestations of such “long-lived” fractals of the Aura, meeting the conditions of identity with a deceased person, can be perceived by some sensitive people. It is the last circumstance that can explain the numerous observations of ghosts and images of deceased people, emerging both in a dream and in reality. At the same time, the ability to form the marked fractals is not an exclusive property of the Aura of dying or deceased people. Such fractals capable of emitting and the quite healthy people in some of life situations. These latter fractals in the surrounding space can be perceived by some people and showing in ordinary dreams.
真实磁荷和真实反电子在物质结构中的发现和研究,以及它们在基本物理概念中的包含,使作者能够确定两个物理图像对应于一个人:一个真实的人体,即他的质量组成(原子、核子等)和以其生物场形式显示的旋量图像,在能量介质(能量以太)中显示,即物理光环。人的旋体图像或光环不是简单的“照片”,而是代表了能量介质中真实物理状态或分形的系统,在细胞水平上,与人体相连,并在其存在的各个阶段与之相互作用。身体的气场负责身体表现出来的所有力量反应,例如,为中枢和自主神经系统的活动提供“力量服务”。文章展示了人死后气场转化为死亡状态的条件,并注意到气场成分中的一些分形能够在一段时间内维持以前的生命反应。这种“长寿”光环分形的外在表现,满足了与死者身份认同的条件,可以被一些敏感的人感知到。这是最后一种情况,可以解释在梦中和现实中出现的许多鬼魂和死者的形象。同时,形成标记分形的能力并不是濒死或已逝之人的光环所独有的。这种分形能够在某些生活情况下释放出相当健康的人。周围空间中的后一种分形可以被一些人感知,并在普通的梦中表现出来。
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引用次数: 1
A Classical Approach to Nuclear Instability 核不稳定性的经典方法
Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.5.109
D. L. Selke
We extend a classical model of nuclei to include geometry as well as electron-like shells, then apply the model to the moments leading up to nuclear decay. The model leads to the well-known half-life or constant probability of a given nucleus to decay in a given time.
我们扩展了原子核的经典模型,使其包括几何和类电子壳层,然后将该模型应用于导致核衰变的矩。该模型得出了众所周知的半衰期,即给定原子核在给定时间内衰变的恒定概率。
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引用次数: 1
Oscillatory Flow of LDL-C and Blood Fluid through a Slanted Channel with Heat within the Sight of Magnetic Field 磁场视野下低密度脂蛋白- c与血液在热作用下斜通道的振荡流动
Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.5.105
K. Bunonyo, I. Eli
In this research, we investigated LDL-C and blood movement through a slanted channel with heat within the sight of magnetic field. In the evaluation, mathematical models for the LDL-C and blood stream and energy transfer were developed  as partially coupled arrangement of partial differential equation (PDEs), the PDEs were scaled utilizing the dimensionless variables to dimensionless ordinary differential equation, they are further reduced to perturbed differential equations (ODEs) utilizing the perturbation parameters including the oscillatory term, where the non-homogenous equation and  conditions are solved straightforwardly utilizing the technique for undetermined coefficient. The velocity and temperature profiles are gotten for certain overseeing boundaries included, and Mathematica codes were created utilizing simulate the impact of entering parameters on the profile. It is seen that the overseeing boundaries impacted that the entering pertinent parameters influences blood flow and it helps it controlling the LDL-C concentration, aiding treatment of atherosclerosis.
在这项研究中,我们研究了低密度脂蛋白- c和血液运动通过一个倾斜通道与热在磁场的视线。在评估中,将LDL-C、血流和能量传递的数学模型建立为偏微分方程(PDEs)的部分耦合排列,利用无量纲变量将偏微分方程缩放为无量纲常微分方程,并利用包括振荡项在内的扰动参数进一步简化为微扰微分方程(ODEs)。其中,利用待定系数法直接求解非齐次方程和条件。得到了某些监督边界的速度和温度曲线,并利用模拟输入参数对曲线的影响创建了Mathematica代码。可见,监督边界影响了相关参数的进入对血流的影响,有助于控制LDL-C浓度,有助于动脉粥样硬化的治疗。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Journal of Applied Physics
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