In this study, Housing and Spindle failed at Friction weld (FRW) interface and sample submitted was from a Passenger vehicle after covering 18410 Kms was considered to address the repeated weld failures reported in Rear Axle Casing. The Metallurgical examinations revealed, chemical composition and hardness found satisfactory whereas Microstructure reveals presence of MnS (Manganese Sulphide) Inclusions at the friction weld interface resulting in insufficient friction weld fusion.SEM and Metallographic examinations confirmed the Orientation of MnS (Manganese sulphide) along the surface of the Spindle that was subjected to Friction welding (FRW) resulting in insufficient weld fusion. Microstructure observation of Spindle shows inclusions of Type A - Thick 2 against the allowable limits in Raw Material Type A - Thick 1. Also, the elongated MnS inclusions at the Friction weld (FRW) Interface act as initiation sites, "Stress raiser "that is more vulnerable to failure due to comparatively less tensile and impact strength than base metal similar to the effect of flake graphite’s in cast iron. Due to the anisotropy and orientation of the sulfide inclusions there is reduction in transverse ductility in reduced area and not much significant effect in longitudinal direction. Inclusion control by calcium treatment or Electro slag re-melting in spindle raw material will significantly improve the ductility and toughness of friction weldments. This paper aims to study the effect of Sulfide inclusions on weldability, mechanical properties of weld Interface and role as fracture initiation site.
{"title":"Failure Analysis of Friction Weld in Rear Axle Casing","authors":"G. K. Sivakumar, Ramya G Nair","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.1.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.1.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Housing and Spindle failed at Friction weld (FRW) interface and sample submitted was from a Passenger vehicle after covering 18410 Kms was considered to address the repeated weld failures reported in Rear Axle Casing. The Metallurgical examinations revealed, chemical composition and hardness found satisfactory whereas Microstructure reveals presence of MnS (Manganese Sulphide) Inclusions at the friction weld interface resulting in insufficient friction weld fusion.SEM and Metallographic examinations confirmed the Orientation of MnS (Manganese sulphide) along the surface of the Spindle that was subjected to Friction welding (FRW) resulting in insufficient weld fusion. Microstructure observation of Spindle shows inclusions of Type A - Thick 2 against the allowable limits in Raw Material Type A - Thick 1. Also, the elongated MnS inclusions at the Friction weld (FRW) Interface act as initiation sites, \"Stress raiser \"that is more vulnerable to failure due to comparatively less tensile and impact strength than base metal similar to the effect of flake graphite’s in cast iron. Due to the anisotropy and orientation of the sulfide inclusions there is reduction in transverse ductility in reduced area and not much significant effect in longitudinal direction. Inclusion control by calcium treatment or Electro slag re-melting in spindle raw material will significantly improve the ductility and toughness of friction weldments. This paper aims to study the effect of Sulfide inclusions on weldability, mechanical properties of weld Interface and role as fracture initiation site.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125071081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. V. Santhosh Kumar, K. S. Pramukh Bharadwaj, Rohith S Holla, S. Mridhul, T. Vishnu
Engine mounts play a vital role in reduction of noise and vibration. For an internal combustion engine, there exist two basic dynamic disturbances: a) the firing pulse due to the combustion of fuel in the cylinder and b) the inertia force and torque caused by the rotating and reciprocating parts. The firing pulses will cause a torque to act on the engine block about an axis parallel to the crank. The inertial forces are both parallel to the piston axis and perpendicular to the crank and piston axes. This dissertation describes the finite element approach for modal and static structural analysis of the engine mount used on an inline four-cylinder petrol engine. A 3D model of the mount was created with the help of Solid-Edge V19 software and the same was analysed for natural frequencies and total deformation using Ansys Workbench software. Further, torsional stiffness of the mount was obtained using finite element analysis and validated using experimental testing. Viscoelastic behaviour of rubber has also been discussed with the help of a Generalized Maxwell model (GMM). GMM was chosen after reviewing all the commonly used models. Later, an in-depth analysis of transmissibility was carried out using finite element analysis approach and a 6-DOF Mathematical model approach. Random vibration analysis was carried out and the resulting RMS accelerations were compared with the ISO-2631 standard.
{"title":"Modal Analysis of Passive Engine Mount Assembly using Finite Element Analysis","authors":"H. V. Santhosh Kumar, K. S. Pramukh Bharadwaj, Rohith S Holla, S. Mridhul, T. Vishnu","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.1.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.1.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Engine mounts play a vital role in reduction of noise and vibration. For an internal combustion engine, there exist two basic dynamic disturbances: a) the firing pulse due to the combustion of fuel in the cylinder and b) the inertia force and torque caused by the rotating and reciprocating parts. The firing pulses will cause a torque to act on the engine block about an axis parallel to the crank. The inertial forces are both parallel to the piston axis and perpendicular to the crank and piston axes. This dissertation describes the finite element approach for modal and static structural analysis of the engine mount used on an inline four-cylinder petrol engine. A 3D model of the mount was created with the help of Solid-Edge V19 software and the same was analysed for natural frequencies and total deformation using Ansys Workbench software. Further, torsional stiffness of the mount was obtained using finite element analysis and validated using experimental testing. Viscoelastic behaviour of rubber has also been discussed with the help of a Generalized Maxwell model (GMM). GMM was chosen after reviewing all the commonly used models. Later, an in-depth analysis of transmissibility was carried out using finite element analysis approach and a 6-DOF Mathematical model approach. Random vibration analysis was carried out and the resulting RMS accelerations were compared with the ISO-2631 standard.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125207311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology to maximize energy density and life of Lithium-ion batteries at a gradually reducing cost is evolving day by day. Fast charging of the battery pack has become one of the major requirements of electric vehicles. Such a requirement invariably poses certain challenges to the cells of the EV battery pack. One of them is to achieve an efficient and an optimal thermal management of the battery pack to maintain uniform operating temperature of the cells and within the manufacturers’ allowable range to ultimately increase the lifespan and reliability of the battery pack. The current work discusses the design strategies of cell cooling, heat load estimation & features of different cooling strategies. A MS Excel spreadsheet-based design tool was developed to quickly estimate the cell temperature gradient. The results from the spreadsheet-based tool, which was based on fundamental equations, correlated well with 3D CFD simulation results. The results were analysed and the cooling strategy for the battery pack was decided based on the analytical and numerical values obtained from the analysis of various cell parameters.
{"title":"A Systematic Approach to Evaluation of Various Cooling Strategies for EV Battery Pack Prismatic Cell using Analytical and Numerical Methods","authors":"Y. dol, Vivek Anami, Yogesh R. Jaju","doi":"10.37285/AJMT.1.0.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/AJMT.1.0.9","url":null,"abstract":"Technology to maximize energy density and life of Lithium-ion batteries at a gradually reducing cost is evolving day by day. Fast charging of the battery pack has become one of the major requirements of electric vehicles. Such a requirement invariably poses certain challenges to the cells of the EV battery pack. One of them is to achieve an efficient and an optimal thermal management of the battery pack to maintain uniform operating temperature of the cells and within the manufacturers’ allowable range to ultimately increase the lifespan and reliability of the battery pack. The current work discusses the design strategies of cell cooling, heat load estimation & features of different cooling strategies. A MS Excel spreadsheet-based design tool was developed to quickly estimate the cell temperature gradient. The results from the spreadsheet-based tool, which was based on fundamental equations, correlated well with 3D CFD simulation results. The results were analysed and the cooling strategy for the battery pack was decided based on the analytical and numerical values obtained from the analysis of various cell parameters. ","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129366730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experimental study was done for evaluation of different type of PGM loading in Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) for off road vehicle. The main purpose of DOC is to reduce the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide from exhaust line and increasing the DOC outlet temperature, which used in soot oxidation in DPF and increased conversion efficiency of SCR. It is very challenging to meet the emission norm with minimum loading of DOC for low cost and durable approach for non-auto application. Test results highlights impact on emission with different PGM loading in DOC. This paper focused on the calibration of DOC model with different loading and observed that behaviour on THC and CO in exhaust system. Minimum Temperature constraint was come in NRTC rather than NRSC. With low, exhaust gas temperature white smoke observed, when unburned HCs was adsorbed on DOC. Data taken to understand thermal effect on DOC with different loading in aged condition. It observed that maximum DOC loading, conversion efficiency went up to 98% in THC after heating up. DOC loading is also responsible for conversion of NO to NO2, which is used in conversion of SCR efficiency. Detailed comparison and analysis was done to understand the impact of PGM loading in DOC for NO2 formation, exotherm, HC & CO light off temperature behaviour.
{"title":"Impact of PGM Loading in DOC on Emission in Diesel Engine Off Road Vehicle to Meet CEVIV Norms","authors":"Abhijit J. Sahare","doi":"10.37285/AJMT.1.0.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/AJMT.1.0.2","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental study was done for evaluation of different type of PGM loading in Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) for off road vehicle. The main purpose of DOC is to reduce the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide from exhaust line and increasing the DOC outlet temperature, which used in soot oxidation in DPF and increased conversion efficiency of SCR. It is very challenging to meet the emission norm with minimum loading of DOC for low cost and durable approach for non-auto application. Test results highlights impact on emission with different PGM loading in DOC. This paper focused on the calibration of DOC model with different loading and observed that behaviour on THC and CO in exhaust system. Minimum Temperature constraint was come in NRTC rather than NRSC. With low, exhaust gas temperature white smoke observed, when unburned HCs was adsorbed on DOC. Data taken to understand thermal effect on DOC with different loading in aged condition. It observed that maximum DOC loading, conversion efficiency went up to 98% in THC after heating up. DOC loading is also responsible for conversion of NO to NO2, which is used in conversion of SCR efficiency. Detailed comparison and analysis was done to understand the impact of PGM loading in DOC for NO2 formation, exotherm, HC & CO light off temperature behaviour.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123297185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhanasekaran Radhakrishnan, R. R, S. Srinivasan, Libin George Alexander
Thermal management in automobiles is important to keep the passenger cabin and heat sensitive components away from thermal effects. Hence various types of insulation methods are used to reduce the thermal effects. Heatshields are the most common method of thermal insulation. They can be classified into various types based on their construction architecture and insulation materials. Some of the heat shielding systems contain fibre materials that are hazardous to health due to their carcinogenic effects and hence not recommended. With increasing space constraints in the compact vehicle architecture designs, packaging space is premium, limiting the size of heatshields. In addition, from durability aspect, heatshields alone are not adequate to withstand high temperatures during the service life of exhaust systems. Hence the role of Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) as an alternative solution comes effective. TBC’s are ceramic coatings which can take care of extended heat loads and temperature differences. This coating not only provides thermal insulation but also improves the fatigue life of substrate material. Hence in this paper, the application of TBC on exhaust system components with respect to thermal insulation and thermo mechanical fatigue are studied. Virtual analysis and physical test are carried out to validate the results. TBC coating on exhaust component shows promising results.
{"title":"Performance of Thermal Barrier Coating on Exhaust System Component","authors":"Dhanasekaran Radhakrishnan, R. R, S. Srinivasan, Libin George Alexander","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.1.0.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.1.0.6","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal management in automobiles is important to keep the passenger cabin and heat sensitive components away from thermal effects. Hence various types of insulation methods are used to reduce the thermal effects. Heatshields are the most common method of thermal insulation. They can be classified into various types based on their construction architecture and insulation materials. Some of the heat shielding systems contain fibre materials that are hazardous to health due to their carcinogenic effects and hence not recommended. With increasing space constraints in the compact vehicle architecture designs, packaging space is premium, limiting the size of heatshields. In addition, from durability aspect, heatshields alone are not adequate to withstand high temperatures during the service life of exhaust systems. Hence the role of Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) as an alternative solution comes effective. TBC’s are ceramic coatings which can take care of extended heat loads and temperature differences. This coating not only provides thermal insulation but also improves the fatigue life of substrate material. Hence in this paper, the application of TBC on exhaust system components with respect to thermal insulation and thermo mechanical fatigue are studied. Virtual analysis and physical test are carried out to validate the results. TBC coating on exhaust component shows promising results. ","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"13 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116433212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ever-increasing number of electrical loads in the commercial vehicle emphasizes the significance of lead acid battery used for starting and the powering of electrical systems in a commercial vehicle. In order to monitor the health of the battery, parameters SOC (State of Charge) and SOH (State of Heath) are introduced. The existing methods to calculate these parameters use impedance monitoring based approach which requires an expensive current sensor. This paper describes a smart algorithm and the experimental verification of the algorithm that uses only voltage values for predicting the failure of the battery. The voltage waveforms during a cranking event is studied by the ECU (Engine Control Unit) and the health of the battery is determined based on it. A parameter, SOH measure is obtained from the algorithm and the value of this parameter reduces with increase in life of the battery. If the value of the SOH measure reduces below a threshold, then the failure of the battery is predicted before the actual failure. The algorithm is validated with the help of real time data obtained from the vehicles. This method of calculating the SOH is resourceful and cost-effective as it exploits the data that’s already available in the ECU namely battery voltage and ambient temperature. Thus, it does not warrant an addition of sensor to the system in place.
商用车用电负荷的不断增加，凸显了铅酸蓄电池在商用车电气系统启动和供电中的重要意义。为了监测电池的健康状况，引入了SOC (State of Charge)和SOH (State of Heath)参数。现有的计算这些参数的方法是基于阻抗监测的方法，这需要昂贵的电流传感器。本文介绍了一种仅使用电压值预测电池失效的智能算法，并对该算法进行了实验验证。发动机控制单元(ECU)对发动机启动过程中的电压波形进行了研究，并据此确定了电池的健康状况。该算法得到一个参数SOH，该参数值随着电池寿命的增加而减小。如果SOH测量值降至阈值以下，则在实际故障之前预测电池故障。利用车辆实时数据对算法进行了验证。这种计算SOH的方法既灵活又经济，因为它利用了ECU中已有的数据，即电池电压和环境温度。因此，它不保证在现有系统中增加传感器。
{"title":"Prognostics and Health monitoring of Lead acid battery","authors":"Ashwin R, Dr.Suryanarayana Prasad A.N","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.1.0.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.1.0.10","url":null,"abstract":"The ever-increasing number of electrical loads in the commercial vehicle emphasizes the significance of lead acid battery used for starting and the powering of electrical systems in a commercial vehicle. In order to monitor the health of the battery, parameters SOC (State of Charge) and SOH (State of Heath) are introduced. The existing methods to calculate these parameters use impedance monitoring based approach which requires an expensive current sensor. This paper describes a smart algorithm and the experimental verification of the algorithm that uses only voltage values for predicting the failure of the battery. The voltage waveforms during a cranking event is studied by the ECU (Engine Control Unit) and the health of the battery is determined based on it. A parameter, SOH measure is obtained from the algorithm and the value of this parameter reduces with increase in life of the battery. If the value of the SOH measure reduces below a threshold, then the failure of the battery is predicted before the actual failure. The algorithm is validated with the help of real time data obtained from the vehicles. This method of calculating the SOH is resourceful and cost-effective as it exploits the data that’s already available in the ECU namely battery voltage and ambient temperature. Thus, it does not warrant an addition of sensor to the system in place.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122543628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Automobiles, while making living easy and convenient, have also made human life more complex and vulnerable to toxic emissions. Transport sector is huge contributor in polluting air in the entire world in the tune of around 23%.Mass transport uses buses as the medium for generalized and convenient means for commutation from one place to other. Similar pattern is observed in India for mass transportation mainly in the cities. However, commuting through buses comes with penalty of environmental pollution. City buses are large contributor in GHG emission and can be considered as prime candidates for making any kind of changes which will help in reducing environmental pollution. Immense potential lies in existing bus designs for weight optimization which has direct impact in improving fuel economy and hence will have sustainable impact in reducing carbon emissions. This paper outlines systematic approach used for development of lightweight buses using Aluminium addressing safety, durability and necessary regulatory requirements. Effective use of aluminium in development of lightweight bus structure is demonstrated in this project. While designing lightweight structure for weight optimization due care is taken for addressing prevailing regulatory norms related to AIS:052 bus body code, AIS:153 outlining safety requirements and Urban Bus Specification issued by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways specifying strength and safety requirements of bus structure. Aluminium bus designs developed shows more than 30% weight reduction compared to steel structured buses of similar class. Fuel efficiency improvement in the tune of minimum 8% and maximum 10% are observed during field level trials.
{"title":"Light Weighting of Buses using Aluminium with Safety and Durability Considerations","authors":"M. A. Patwardhan, P. Nirmal, R. Mahajan","doi":"10.37285/AJMT.1.0.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/AJMT.1.0.4","url":null,"abstract":"Automobiles, while making living easy and convenient, have also made human life more complex and vulnerable to toxic emissions. Transport sector is huge contributor in polluting air in the entire world in the tune of around 23%.Mass transport uses buses as the medium for generalized and convenient means for commutation from one place to other. Similar pattern is observed in India for mass transportation mainly in the cities. However, commuting through buses comes with penalty of environmental pollution. City buses are large contributor in GHG emission and can be considered as prime candidates for making any kind of changes which will help in reducing environmental pollution. Immense potential lies in existing bus designs for weight optimization which has direct impact in improving fuel economy and hence will have sustainable impact in reducing carbon emissions. \u0000This paper outlines systematic approach used for development of lightweight buses using Aluminium addressing safety, durability and necessary regulatory requirements. Effective use of aluminium in development of lightweight bus structure is demonstrated in this project. While designing lightweight structure for weight optimization due care is taken for addressing prevailing regulatory norms related to AIS:052 bus body code, AIS:153 outlining safety requirements and Urban Bus Specification issued by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways specifying strength and safety requirements of bus structure. Aluminium bus designs developed shows more than 30% weight reduction compared to steel structured buses of similar class. Fuel efficiency improvement in the tune of minimum 8% and maximum 10% are observed during field level trials.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114609048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. AkhilKishoreV, B. Asati, Nikhil Shajan, K. S. Arora
Self-piercing riveting (SPR) is a mechanical joining process that has the potential to replace resistance spot welding (RSW) and is being adopted in the automotive industry.In this study, a dissimilar stack configuration widely used in the automotive industry was used. Joining was performed using self-piercing riveting and resistance spot welding processes. Welding parameters in spot welding were optimized to produce anugget with a diameter similar to the rivet shank. Tensile and fatigue attributes of these joints were assessed to evaluate the joint performance. Additionally, microstructure-property correlation was performed to evaluate the failuremode and susceptible region in the joint that can lead to crack initiation and failure.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Self-Piercing Riveted and Resistance Spot Welded Dissimilar Steel Joints","authors":"T. AkhilKishoreV, B. Asati, Nikhil Shajan, K. S. Arora","doi":"10.37285/AJMT.1.0.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/AJMT.1.0.5","url":null,"abstract":"Self-piercing riveting (SPR) is a mechanical joining process that has the potential to replace resistance spot welding (RSW) and is being adopted in the automotive industry.In this study, a dissimilar stack configuration widely used in the automotive industry was used. Joining was performed using self-piercing riveting and resistance spot welding processes. Welding parameters in spot welding were optimized to produce anugget with a diameter similar to the rivet shank. Tensile and fatigue attributes of these joints were assessed to evaluate the joint performance. Additionally, microstructure-property correlation was performed to evaluate the failuremode and susceptible region in the joint that can lead to crack initiation and failure.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116048770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysis of the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey, conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), shows that driver error is a factor in 94% of crashes. Although it is important to remember multiple factors contribute to all crashes, the largest portion of driver error issues involve the driver failing to recognize hazards, including distraction. Around 3,700 people die in traffic every day around the world, and 100,000 are injured. The automotive industry is striving to make driving safer. ADAS in India is comparatively in a nascent stage. However, it is gradually gaining pace. The government's upcoming safety regulations and consumer awareness will give further impetus to this movement. So, Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) is equipping cars and drivers with advance information and technology to make them become aware of the environment and handle potential situations in better way semi-autonomously. High-quality training and test data is essential in the development and validation of ADAS systems which lay the foundation for autonomous driving technology. In addition to this, ADAS systems need to be very safe and robust, with the ability to perform in a variety of driving scenarios, and be very secure, being immune from any external cyber-attacks. In order to make ADAS systems safer, the AV will be required to drive more than a billion miles on real roads, taking tens and sometimes hundreds of years to drive those miles, considering even the most aggressive testing assumptions. Every small update to the AV will require another billion miles of testing to be approved for real world use. Moreover, the more advanced the technology becomes, the more miles will need to de driven. Real word testing plays a very crucial role in ADAS and AV development and testing. Nevertheless, relying only on real world testing will significantly slow down the development and testing of such technologies. This is where simulation comes into play. With the primary objective of road safety improvement, ADAS functionalities will definitely play a big role for automotive industry. In order to tackle Indian specific road infrastructure conditions, and thus improving the safety, a complete tool-chain for developing, deploying and validating ADAS functionalities need to be developed. The presented work shares insights of each and every aspect of this tool-chain with experimental results and real world correlations.
{"title":"Driving Safety through ADAS: An Indian Perspective","authors":"U. Karle","doi":"10.37285/AJMT.1.0.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/AJMT.1.0.7","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey, conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), shows that driver error is a factor in 94% of crashes. Although it is important to remember multiple factors contribute to all crashes, the largest portion of driver error issues involve the driver failing to recognize hazards, including distraction. Around 3,700 people die in traffic every day around the world, and 100,000 are injured. The automotive industry is striving to make driving safer. ADAS in India is comparatively in a nascent stage. However, it is gradually gaining pace. The government's upcoming safety regulations and consumer awareness will give further impetus to this movement. So, Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) is equipping cars and drivers with advance information and technology to make them become aware of the environment and handle potential situations in better way semi-autonomously. High-quality training and test data is essential in the development and validation of ADAS systems which lay the foundation for autonomous driving technology. In addition to this, ADAS systems need to be very safe and robust, with the ability to perform in a variety of driving scenarios, and be very secure, being immune from any external cyber-attacks. In order to make ADAS systems safer, the AV will be required to drive more than a billion miles on real roads, taking tens and sometimes hundreds of years to drive those miles, considering even the most aggressive testing assumptions. Every small update to the AV will require another billion miles of testing to be approved for real world use. Moreover, the more advanced the technology becomes, the more miles will need to de driven. Real word testing plays a very crucial role in ADAS and AV development and testing. Nevertheless, relying only on real world testing will significantly slow down the development and testing of such technologies. This is where simulation comes into play. With the primary objective of road safety improvement, ADAS functionalities will definitely play a big role for automotive industry. In order to tackle Indian specific road infrastructure conditions, and thus improving the safety, a complete tool-chain for developing, deploying and validating ADAS functionalities need to be developed. The presented work shares insights of each and every aspect of this tool-chain with experimental results and real world correlations.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115847696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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