T Sandeep, Koparde Prashant, Hingne Abhijit, Sewalkar Swarupanand, Hallale Sanjeev
Conventionally, In the tractors, hitch position is obtained using a contact-based position sensor, the sensor is attached to the rockshaft mechanically with gears or linkages. In this arrangement, there are incidences of failures when working with heavy implements, as rockshaft is under severe loading conditions which tends to induce cracks or failures in sensor mechanical linkages mounting area. This results in machine downtime and rockshaft repair costs to the customer. These mounting threads in hardened Rockshaft reduce material strength which impacts the lifting capacity. There is associated difficulty at assembly line and further during maintenance for linkage installation and adjustments. Also, over the period, linkages develop a play at joints due to the friction. In the present work, we are sensing the Hitch position with contactless sensor technology. A contactless Hall effect sensor is selected, and proto setup has been designed to measure the hitch position by integrating the sensor and target. The prototype consists of a fixed Sensor and a rotating metal (ferromagnetic) piece placed inside a 3D printed casing. The profile of metal piece is such that when it is rotated about the axis, the distance between Sensor and metal piece changes gradually. This causes different output voltage at different amount of rotation in metal piece. Results from manual bench testing show that the concept is working. The sensor voltage output varies according to the hitch position in the bench setup. A high voltage value when metal piece is nearer to magnet and low value when its farther. A future step is to automate this setup on a tractor to remove errors due to manual rotation. This would be an enabler to analyze the sensor behaviors like hysteresis, repeatability, linearity more accurately.
传统上，拖拉机使用接触式位置传感器获取铰接位置，传感器通过齿轮或连杆以机械方式连接到摇臂上。采用这种布置方式时，在使用重型机具时会出现故障，因为岩轴处于严重的负载条件下，容易导致传感器机械连杆安装区域出现裂缝或故障。这将导致机器停机，并使客户承担岩轴维修费用。淬硬岩轴上的这些安装螺纹会降低材料强度，从而影响提升能力。这不仅给装配线带来困难，而且在维护过程中也会给联动装置的安装和调整带来困难。此外，随着时间的推移，连杆会因摩擦而在连接处产生间隙。在目前的工作中，我们采用非接触式传感器技术来感知铰接位置。我们选择了一种非接触式霍尔效应传感器，并设计了原型装置，通过整合传感器和目标来测量铰接位置。原型包括一个固定的传感器和一个放置在 3D 打印外壳内的旋转金属（铁磁）件。金属片的外形使其在绕轴旋转时，传感器与金属片之间的距离会逐渐发生变化。这导致金属片在不同的旋转量下输出不同的电压。人工台架测试的结果表明，这一概念是可行的。传感器的电压输出随工作台设置中的铰链位置而变化。当金属片距离磁铁较近时，电压值较高，而距离较远时，电压值较低。未来的一个步骤是在拖拉机上自动执行此设置，以消除手动旋转造成的误差。这将有助于更准确地分析传感器的滞后、可重复性和线性等行为。
{"title":"Study on Various Position Sensing Technologies in Tractor Hitch Application","authors":"T Sandeep, Koparde Prashant, Hingne Abhijit, Sewalkar Swarupanand, Hallale Sanjeev","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.3.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.3.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Conventionally, In the tractors, hitch position is obtained using a contact-based position sensor, the sensor is attached to the rockshaft mechanically with gears or linkages. In this arrangement, there are incidences of failures when working with heavy implements, as rockshaft is under severe loading conditions which tends to induce cracks or failures in sensor mechanical linkages mounting area. This results in machine downtime and rockshaft repair costs to the customer. These mounting threads in hardened Rockshaft reduce material strength which impacts the lifting capacity. There is associated difficulty at assembly line and further during maintenance for linkage installation and adjustments. Also, over the period, linkages develop a play at joints due to the friction. In the present work, we are sensing the Hitch position with contactless sensor technology. A contactless Hall effect sensor is selected, and proto setup has been designed to measure the hitch position by integrating the sensor and target. The prototype consists of a fixed Sensor and a rotating metal (ferromagnetic) piece placed inside a 3D printed casing. The profile of metal piece is such that when it is rotated about the axis, the distance between Sensor and metal piece changes gradually. This causes different output voltage at different amount of rotation in metal piece. Results from manual bench testing show that the concept is working. The sensor voltage output varies according to the hitch position in the bench setup. A high voltage value when metal piece is nearer to magnet and low value when its farther. A future step is to automate this setup on a tractor to remove errors due to manual rotation. This would be an enabler to analyze the sensor behaviors like hysteresis, repeatability, linearity more accurately.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The topic of this report is to build an IC in form of the FPGA, consisting of different types of safety mechanisms, which depending on the application of the design, could help achieve either QM, ASIL B or ASIL D diagnostic coverage compliance. The selection of the Safety mechanisms could be made through configuration bits written in a register.
本报告的主题是以 FPGA 的形式构建一个集成电路，该集成电路由不同类型的安全机制组成，根据设计的应用情况，可帮助实现 QM、ASIL B 或 ASIL D 诊断覆盖合规性。可以通过写入寄存器的配置位来选择安全机制。
{"title":"Field Programmable Functional Safety Mechanisms Implementation using FPGA","authors":"Priyank Sharma","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.3.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.3.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of this report is to build an IC in form of the FPGA, consisting of different types of safety mechanisms, which depending on the application of the design, could help achieve either QM, ASIL B or ASIL D diagnostic coverage compliance. The selection of the Safety mechanisms could be made through configuration bits written in a register.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"26 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Predicting the vibratory response of a base engine is appealing as it can speed up the engine development cycle and cut down testing cost. However, there are concerns regarding predictability of base engine vibration simulation models due to various factors. This study attempts to investigate this predictability and gives more insights on what factors can affect it. In the presented work, the vibratory response of a base engine is predicted through a flexible Multi Body Dynamics simulation. Cylinder pressure excitation on the cylinder head and pistons, and reciprocating inertia excitation, are considered as inputs in this flexible Multi Body Dynamics simulation. Effects arising from overhead moving components and gear train, have been excluded from this study. The predicted vibratory response of the base engine at particular locations, is compared with the vibratory response as measured using accelerometers mounted at those locations, during testing. A reasonable level of correlation can be seen between simulation and testing. Measures that can be taken to improve this correlation are also discussed.
{"title":"Predicting base Engine Vibrations using Flexible Multi Body Dynamics Simulation","authors":"Pranay Sharma, Nikhil Rao, Rentong Wang, Pravin Kakde","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.3.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.3.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the vibratory response of a base engine is appealing as it can speed up the engine development cycle and cut down testing cost. However, there are concerns regarding predictability of base engine vibration simulation models due to various factors. This study attempts to investigate this predictability and gives more insights on what factors can affect it. In the presented work, the vibratory response of a base engine is predicted through a flexible Multi Body Dynamics simulation. Cylinder pressure excitation on the cylinder head and pistons, and reciprocating inertia excitation, are considered as inputs in this flexible Multi Body Dynamics simulation. Effects arising from overhead moving components and gear train, have been excluded from this study. The predicted vibratory response of the base engine at particular locations, is compared with the vibratory response as measured using accelerometers mounted at those locations, during testing. A reasonable level of correlation can be seen between simulation and testing. Measures that can be taken to improve this correlation are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shweta S Suryavanshi, Dr. Pravin M. Ghanegaonkar, Dr. Ganesh K. Jadhav, Sagar R Wankhede
For battery electric vehicle (BEV), electric motor is the only power source. The motor drive system in electric vehicle has many challenges like cost, weight, efficiency, detail torque speed characteristics, motor power rating. Accurate motor power rating prediction is very much necessary to fulfil the performance requirement of electric vehicle. Selection of oversized motor for Electric vehicle application results into overprice motor, more energy consumption and decline in vehicle range. Due to this there will expansion of battery size and increases the overall cost of vehicle. On the other hand, selection of undersized motor leads to poor vehicle performance that limits the drivability of vehicle. This paper gives detailed calculations of motor rating of electric motor. New approach is developed to predict the correct power rating of motor without affecting the desired vehicle performance. According to the requirement, accurate prediction of power rating of motor has been taken for cost efficient and upgradation the performance of motor. The work presented in this paper adopts a method of vehicle performance assessment on the basis of comparison with four different methods with new developed method. Traction motor is major & most expensive component of EV. Selection of motor play’s crucial role in the development of electric vehicle. Undersized and oversized motor results in rise in cost of motor which ultimately increases the cost of vehicle. But by using appropriate motor this cost been reduced up to 50-60% with performance enhancement.
{"title":"Comparative Performance Assessment of Sizing of Electric Motor through Analytical Approach for Electric Vehicle Application","authors":"Shweta S Suryavanshi, Dr. Pravin M. Ghanegaonkar, Dr. Ganesh K. Jadhav, Sagar R Wankhede","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.3.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.3.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"For battery electric vehicle (BEV), electric motor is the only power source. The motor drive system in electric vehicle has many challenges like cost, weight, efficiency, detail torque speed characteristics, motor power rating. Accurate motor power rating prediction is very much necessary to fulfil the performance requirement of electric vehicle. Selection of oversized motor for Electric vehicle application results into overprice motor, more energy consumption and decline in vehicle range. Due to this there will expansion of battery size and increases the overall cost of vehicle. On the other hand, selection of undersized motor leads to poor vehicle performance that limits the drivability of vehicle. This paper gives detailed calculations of motor rating of electric motor. New approach is developed to predict the correct power rating of motor without affecting the desired vehicle performance. According to the requirement, accurate prediction of power rating of motor has been taken for cost efficient and upgradation the performance of motor. The work presented in this paper adopts a method of vehicle performance assessment on the basis of comparison with four different methods with new developed method. Traction motor is major & most expensive component of EV. Selection of motor play’s crucial role in the development of electric vehicle. Undersized and oversized motor results in rise in cost of motor which ultimately increases the cost of vehicle. But by using appropriate motor this cost been reduced up to 50-60% with performance enhancement.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Yousuf Ali, G. Krishna Mohana Rao, B. Anjaneya Prasad
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is indeed one of the most commonly used methods of additive manufacturing, particularly for printing polymers and fiber-reinforced polymer composites. When compared to more conventional production meth ods like injection molding, the key benefits of FDM include producing components with intricate shapes, minimal material wastage, shorter production times, and lower costs because no tooling is needed. However, the strength and surface quality of the product produced using this technique are lower, that can be improved by selecting the optimized design variable and applying heat treatment depending on how the product will be used in an industry. This review paper provides an overview of the effect of different process parameters on mechanical properties, print time, and surface characteristics of the parts made of polymers and fiber-reinforced polymer composites in addition to the challenges encountered during the printing of composites. It also discusses the new material’s development, such as natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites, the impact of heat treatment, and the void formation influence on the mechanical properties, build time, dimensional accuracy, and surface finish of 3D-printed parts.
熔融沉积成型（FDM）的确是最常用的增材制造方法之一，尤其适用于打印聚合物和纤维增强聚合物复合材料。与注塑成型等更传统的生产方法相比，FDM 的主要优点包括生产形状复杂的部件、材料损耗最小、生产时间更短、成本更低，因为不需要模具。然而，使用这种技术生产的产品强度和表面质量较低，可通过选择优化设计变量和根据产品在工业中的使用方式进行热处理来改善。本文概述了不同工艺参数对聚合物和纤维增强聚合物复合材料部件的机械性能、打印时间和表面特征的影响，以及复合材料打印过程中遇到的挑战。文章还讨论了天然纤维增强聚合物复合材料等新材料的开发、热处理的影响以及空隙形成对 3D 打印部件的机械性能、构建时间、尺寸精度和表面光洁度的影响。
{"title":"Impact of Fused Deposition Modeling Process Parameters and Heat Treatment on Mechanical Characteristics and Product Quality: A Review","authors":"Mohd Yousuf Ali, G. Krishna Mohana Rao, B. Anjaneya Prasad","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.3.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.3.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is indeed one of the most commonly used methods of additive manufacturing, particularly for printing polymers and fiber-reinforced polymer composites. When compared to more conventional production meth ods like injection molding, the key benefits of FDM include producing components with intricate shapes, minimal material wastage, shorter production times, and lower costs because no tooling is needed. However, the strength and surface quality of the product produced using this technique are lower, that can be improved by selecting the optimized design variable and applying heat treatment depending on how the product will be used in an industry. This review paper provides an overview of the effect of different process parameters on mechanical properties, print time, and surface characteristics of the parts made of polymers and fiber-reinforced polymer composites in addition to the challenges encountered during the printing of composites. It also discusses the new material’s development, such as natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites, the impact of heat treatment, and the void formation influence on the mechanical properties, build time, dimensional accuracy, and surface finish of 3D-printed parts.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"286 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemant A. Kinikar, A.B. Kanase-Patil, Tushar A. Jadhav, Dr. S. S. Thipse
Applying the PCCI-DI combustion concept which can yield low emissions is tried for vehicular applications. However, much work has not been carried out on the genset engine which is a constant speed application. The PCCI can be achieved by various methods like port injection, late direct injection, early direct injection, and multiple direct injections to name a few. However in this case, it is achieved using the port injection. The two different port injection quantities are tried out. The first is with 3 ms pulse and the other with 5 ms pulse of port injection. In this study, PCCI-DI engine is assembled with the alternator to form a genset. The genset is tested for assessing its behavior in real-world conditions. The main trials to simulate the realworld condition are the load throw-on and load throw-off trials. The extreme case of these trials is to load the engine from no load to full load during the throw-on trials and reverse in throw-off trials. The results indicate the best performance in the case of pure DI combustion. With the use of port injection, the genset performance decorates. This is due to the fuel being injected in the port and it takes a finite time for the reaction to sudden loading and de-loading of the engine. The higher the amount of port fuel injection the higher the deterioration in response is observed. The result gives the actual performance and the response in all three combustion configurations. All three cases met the ISO 8528-5 G3 class requirements.
PCCI-DI 燃烧概念可实现低排放，已在车辆应用中得到尝试。然而，在恒速应用的发电机组发动机上还没有开展大量工作。PCCI 可通过多种方法实现，如端口喷射、晚期直接喷射、早期直接喷射和多次直接喷射等。但在本例中，它是通过端口喷射实现的。我们尝试了两种不同的端口注入量。第一种是 3 毫秒脉冲喷射，另一种是 5 毫秒脉冲喷射。在这项研究中，PCCI-DI 发动机与交流发电机组装成发电机组。对发电机组进行了测试，以评估其在实际条件下的性能。模拟真实世界条件的主要试验是负载开启和负载关闭试验。这些试验的极端情况是，在加载试验中，发动机从空载加载到满载，而在卸载试验中则相反。结果表明，纯 DI 燃烧的性能最佳。使用端口喷射后，发电机组的性能有所改善。这是由于燃料是在端口喷射的，对发动机突然加载和卸载的反应需要一定的时间。端口喷油量越大，反应的恶化程度就越高。结果给出了所有三种燃烧配置的实际性能和响应。所有三种情况都符合 ISO 8528-5 G3 等级要求。
{"title":"Experimental Assessment of Genset Performance for PCCI-DI Combustion Engine","authors":"Hemant A. Kinikar, A.B. Kanase-Patil, Tushar A. Jadhav, Dr. S. S. Thipse","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.3.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.3.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Applying the PCCI-DI combustion concept which can yield low emissions is tried for vehicular applications. However, much work has not been carried out on the genset engine which is a constant speed application. The PCCI can be achieved by various methods like port injection, late direct injection, early direct injection, and multiple direct injections to name a few. However in this case, it is achieved using the port injection. The two different port injection quantities are tried out. The first is with 3 ms pulse and the other with 5 ms pulse of port injection. In this study, PCCI-DI engine is assembled with the alternator to form a genset. The genset is tested for assessing its behavior in real-world conditions. The main trials to simulate the realworld condition are the load throw-on and load throw-off trials. The extreme case of these trials is to load the engine from no load to full load during the throw-on trials and reverse in throw-off trials. The results indicate the best performance in the case of pure DI combustion. With the use of port injection, the genset performance decorates. This is due to the fuel being injected in the port and it takes a finite time for the reaction to sudden loading and de-loading of the engine. The higher the amount of port fuel injection the higher the deterioration in response is observed. The result gives the actual performance and the response in all three combustion configurations. All three cases met the ISO 8528-5 G3 class requirements.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"225 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The latest trend in the automobile industry is electric energy usage for vehicle propulsion. The electrical energy conversion to mechanical energy via motor is the currently accepted and safe technology. The major challenge for this is the component protection strategies. Components such as the motor, battery etc. need to be protected to enhance the life cycle of the vehicle. Also, vehicle safety is of much importance to avoid any fatalities arising with regards to the mishandling of the components. This study suffices the component protection by developing algorithmbased strategies. The algorithms are pre-fed to the controller. Development of smart motor and battery is proposed via Battery Thermal management system. The energy used is of both AC as well DC form. Energy sources for the electric energy generation are different namely, Batteries, Fuel cell etc. Energy generated through chemical reaction is stored in the battery and is eventually utilized.
{"title":"Algorithm based Calibration Strategies in an Electric Powertrain","authors":"Siddharth Gandhi, Abhijeet Chavan","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.3.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.3.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The latest trend in the automobile industry is electric energy usage for vehicle propulsion. The electrical energy conversion to mechanical energy via motor is the currently accepted and safe technology. The major challenge for this is the component protection strategies. Components such as the motor, battery etc. need to be protected to enhance the life cycle of the vehicle. Also, vehicle safety is of much importance to avoid any fatalities arising with regards to the mishandling of the components. This study suffices the component protection by developing algorithmbased strategies. The algorithms are pre-fed to the controller. Development of smart motor and battery is proposed via Battery Thermal management system. The energy used is of both AC as well DC form. Energy sources for the electric energy generation are different namely, Batteries, Fuel cell etc. Energy generated through chemical reaction is stored in the battery and is eventually utilized.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"328 7‐8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymers find their use in a variety of products and their share in a particular application like automobile components such as gaskets, O-ring, Sealing, Hoses, Fuel line, Fuel filter necks, float, etc. in vehicle fuel system is increasing day by day. In some applications a component made from polymer is subjected to elevated temperatures for prolonged durations and are prone to failure due to thermal stresses. Therefore, understanding of failure mechanism is important to predict the life of polymer particularly in cases of critical applications and where it is used for longer durations. The Arrhenius equation is utilized for prediction of assessment of life of polymers through due to of the impact of temperature over time. Lifetime predictions are conventionally made by exposing sample polymers to various temperatures for prolonged duration with periodic measurement of desired properties, which is a very time-consuming process. In present research, two materials viz., FKM and PVC/NBR blend were analyzed using thermo-gravimetric assessment to simulate failure utilizing the decomposition behavior caused by thermal effects. The thermo-gravimetric analysis was performed at various heating rates of 5 to 25 °C/min. The rate of change of thermal decomposition of FKM and PVC/NBR blend were evaluated using Arrhenius equation. Different weight-loss percentages (5%, 10% and 20%) during TGA were considered as failure criterion. Activation energy (E) was calculated and thermal life of was predicted for both the materials. This study provided a quick method with considerable reduction in efforts, cost and time for prediction of life of polymers by using kinetics parameters derived from experiments conducted at higher temperatures.
{"title":"Accelerated Life Prediction of Automotive Elastomers using Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis","authors":"Moqtik Bawase, Sushil Chaudhari, Dr. S. S. Thipse","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.3.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.3.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Polymers find their use in a variety of products and their share in a particular application like automobile components such as gaskets, O-ring, Sealing, Hoses, Fuel line, Fuel filter necks, float, etc. in vehicle fuel system is increasing day by day. In some applications a component made from polymer is subjected to elevated temperatures for prolonged durations and are prone to failure due to thermal stresses. Therefore, understanding of failure mechanism is important to predict the life of polymer particularly in cases of critical applications and where it is used for longer durations. The Arrhenius equation is utilized for prediction of assessment of life of polymers through due to of the impact of temperature over time. Lifetime predictions are conventionally made by exposing sample polymers to various temperatures for prolonged duration with periodic measurement of desired properties, which is a very time-consuming process. In present research, two materials viz., FKM and PVC/NBR blend were analyzed using thermo-gravimetric assessment to simulate failure utilizing the decomposition behavior caused by thermal effects. The thermo-gravimetric analysis was performed at various heating rates of 5 to 25 °C/min. The rate of change of thermal decomposition of FKM and PVC/NBR blend were evaluated using Arrhenius equation. Different weight-loss percentages (5%, 10% and 20%) during TGA were considered as failure criterion. Activation energy (E) was calculated and thermal life of was predicted for both the materials. This study provided a quick method with considerable reduction in efforts, cost and time for prediction of life of polymers by using kinetics parameters derived from experiments conducted at higher temperatures.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To tackle the pollution problem the best way is to switch to electric vehicles but when we look at the statistical figures of India’s electric vehicle market we can observe the truth that the electric 2 and 3-wheeler market is good in India but the electric 4-wheeler market is not very good. Policymakers' worries about the growing importance of the Climate Change issue have contributed to India's rising levels of air pollution. There are a lot of gasoline and diesel automobiles on the road that is to blame for the severe pollution. 25 of the 100 most polluted cities in the world, or 14 of the list, are in India, according to a search for the 100 most polluted cities worldwide. Petrol and diesel vehicles continue to run in large numbers in India, causing extremely high pollution. The most harmful pollutants emitted into the environment are PM 2.5, SO2, CO, NOx, and PM 10, and they are also the primary pollutants. Since there are so many vehicles on the highways in Indian cities, we know that the cities are crowded. In such a situation, numerous electric vehicle manufacturers are traveling the nation to display their electric automobiles. Additionally, in India, if an electric vehicle's motor output is less than 250W, neither registration nor a driver's license is necessary to operate one of these vehicles. The category for EVs over 500W is the same as that for gasoline and diesel vehicles. The government will electrify all two-wheelers by the years 2024–2025, and all four-wheelers will be electrified by the years 2030–2040. The difficulty now is that many OEMs, auto-ancillaries, and automobile manufacturers intend to enter the market for electric cars in response to these encouraging moves. And when we discuss any vehicle, the mileage or the distance traveled is a key issue. Additionally, electric vehicles, such as 4-wheelers, will compete with conventional cars powered by internal combustion engines, which today give excellent mileage. However, reducing pollution is a crucial issue, and I think electric automobiles can do it more effectively. The transformation of an existing diesel tipper truck into an electric and on-grid-based solar renewable charger is described in this research. This paper discusses the creation and evaluation of various car parts and accessories. This outlines how to go from a mechanical drivetrain to an electric drivetrain. And the charger works on the on-grid solar-based renewable charger.
{"title":"Retrofitting of an Existing Garbage Tipper Truck with an Electric Powertrain and its Renewable Charging Station Concept Based on On-Grid Solar Charging","authors":"Utkarsh Gadkari","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.3.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.3.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"To tackle the pollution problem the best way is to switch to electric vehicles but when we look at the statistical figures of India’s electric vehicle market we can observe the truth that the electric 2 and 3-wheeler market is good in India but the electric 4-wheeler market is not very good. Policymakers' worries about the growing importance of the Climate Change issue have contributed to India's rising levels of air pollution. There are a lot of gasoline and diesel automobiles on the road that is to blame for the severe pollution. 25 of the 100 most polluted cities in the world, or 14 of the list, are in India, according to a search for the 100 most polluted cities worldwide. Petrol and diesel vehicles continue to run in large numbers in India, causing extremely high pollution. The most harmful pollutants emitted into the environment are PM 2.5, SO2, CO, NOx, and PM 10, and they are also the primary pollutants. Since there are so many vehicles on the highways in Indian cities, we know that the cities are crowded. In such a situation, numerous electric vehicle manufacturers are traveling the nation to display their electric automobiles. Additionally, in India, if an electric vehicle's motor output is less than 250W, neither registration nor a driver's license is necessary to operate one of these vehicles. The category for EVs over 500W is the same as that for gasoline and diesel vehicles. The government will electrify all two-wheelers by the years 2024–2025, and all four-wheelers will be electrified by the years 2030–2040. The difficulty now is that many OEMs, auto-ancillaries, and automobile manufacturers intend to enter the market for electric cars in response to these encouraging moves. And when we discuss any vehicle, the mileage or the distance traveled is a key issue. Additionally, electric vehicles, such as 4-wheelers, will compete with conventional cars powered by internal combustion engines, which today give excellent mileage. However, reducing pollution is a crucial issue, and I think electric automobiles can do it more effectively. The transformation of an existing diesel tipper truck into an electric and on-grid-based solar renewable charger is described in this research. This paper discusses the creation and evaluation of various car parts and accessories. This outlines how to go from a mechanical drivetrain to an electric drivetrain. And the charger works on the on-grid solar-based renewable charger.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"93 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Nickel based super-alloys have gained lot of importance in the last decade or so owing to their applications in areas like power generation, military aircrafts, marine propulsion and nuclear reactors. Utilities worldwide are facing increased demand for additional electricity, reduced plant emissions and greater plant efficiency. To meet this challenge, it requires materials with very high temperature creep and fatigue strength and better coal ash corrosion resistance. For the realization of advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) thermal plant operating at service temperature and pressure about 700oC to 760oC and 24 MPa respectively, the use of Nickel based super alloys are indispensable. The two A-USC qualified alloys include Inconel 740H and Haynes 282. This study focus on improving the creep and fatigue life of the A-USC qualified alloys by predicting the optimum operating parameters through finite element modeling for temperature induced creep and fatigue analysis of the said A-USC alloys. The influence of various operating parameters like temperature, machining induced residual stress, surface finish, creep duration and fatigue loadings on output parameters like creep strain, elongation, creep and fatigue life were studied. Abaqus/Standard was used for the numerical simulation. Using ANOVA, the most influencing operating parameters were identified. It was observed that the machining induced residual stress and surface finish have greater influence on creep and fatigue life of alloys. Alloy with lower value of machining induced residual stress and better surface finish will have better creep and fatigue life. The proper validation of model was performed by comparing the results with relevant literature.
{"title":"Numerical Analysis and Experimental Validation of Temperature Induced Creep and Fatigue life of Inconel 740H and Haynes 282","authors":"R. P A, AJITH RAMESH","doi":"10.37285/ajmt.3.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.3.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"The Nickel based super-alloys have gained lot of importance in the last decade or so owing to their applications in areas like power generation, military aircrafts, marine propulsion and nuclear reactors. Utilities worldwide are facing increased demand for additional electricity, reduced plant emissions and greater plant efficiency. To meet this challenge, it requires materials with very high temperature creep and fatigue strength and better coal ash corrosion resistance. For the realization of advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) thermal plant operating at service temperature and pressure about 700oC to 760oC and 24 MPa respectively, the use of Nickel based super alloys are indispensable. The two A-USC qualified alloys include Inconel 740H and Haynes 282. This study focus on improving the creep and fatigue life of the A-USC qualified alloys by predicting the optimum operating parameters through finite element modeling for temperature induced creep and fatigue analysis of the said A-USC alloys. The influence of various operating parameters like temperature, machining induced residual stress, surface finish, creep duration and fatigue loadings on output parameters like creep strain, elongation, creep and fatigue life were studied. Abaqus/Standard was used for the numerical simulation. Using ANOVA, the most influencing operating parameters were identified. It was observed that the machining induced residual stress and surface finish have greater influence on creep and fatigue life of alloys. Alloy with lower value of machining induced residual stress and better surface finish will have better creep and fatigue life. The proper validation of model was performed by comparing the results with relevant literature.","PeriodicalId":294802,"journal":{"name":"ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology","volume":"12 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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